Feature #69: Blur window background

- Add window background blur support (--blur-background &
  --blur-background-frame), with X Render convolution filter.
  The performance sucks. The performance when the window is opaque but
  frame is transparent could be improved, but there are two possible
  ways and I'm hesitating.

- Known issue: The blurring effect looks very ungraceful during fading.
  I could partially fix the problem, but it probably isn't easy to fix
  it completely.

compton.sample.conf

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ inactive-opacity-override = false;
 alpha-step = 0.06;
 # inactive-dim = 0.2;
 # inactive-dim-fixed = true;
+# blur-background = true;
+# blur-background-frame = true;
 
 # Fading
 fading = true;

src/compton.c

@@ -1422,6 +1422,66 @@ win_paint_shadow(session_t *ps, win *w, Picture tgt_buffer) {
     w->shadow_width, w->shadow_height);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Blur the background of a window.
+ */
+static inline void
+win_blur_background(session_t *ps, win *w, Picture tgt_buffer,
+    XserverRegion reg_paint) {
+  // Convolution filter parameter (box blur)
+  // gaussian or binomial filters are definitely superior, yet looks
+  // like they aren't supported as of xorg-server-1.13.0
+  const static XFixed convolution_blur[] = {
+    // Must convert to XFixed with XDoubleToFixed()
+    // Matrix size
+    XDoubleToFixed(3), XDoubleToFixed(3),
+    // Matrix
+    XDoubleToFixed(1), XDoubleToFixed(1), XDoubleToFixed(1),
+    XDoubleToFixed(1), XDoubleToFixed(1), XDoubleToFixed(1),
+    XDoubleToFixed(1), XDoubleToFixed(1), XDoubleToFixed(1),
+  };
+  // Extra pixels we have to get for the blur to work correctly.
+  const static int expand = 1;
+
+  Pixmap tmp_pixmap = None;
+  Picture tmp_picture = None;
+
+  int x = w->a.x;
+  int y = w->a.y;
+  int wid = w->widthb;
+  int hei = w->heightb;
+
+  int xe = x - expand;
+  int ye = y - expand;
+  int wide = wid + expand * 2;
+  int heie = hei + expand * 2;
+
+  // Directly copying from tgt_buffer does not work, so we create a
+  // Picture in the middle. We expand the region slightly, to make sure
+  // the blur on border pixels work correctly.
+  tmp_pixmap = XCreatePixmap(ps->dpy, ps->root, wide, heie, ps->depth);
+  if (!tmp_pixmap)
+    goto win_blur_background_err;
+
+  tmp_picture = XRenderCreatePicture(ps->dpy, tmp_pixmap,
+    XRenderFindVisualFormat(ps->dpy, ps->vis), 0, 0);
+  if (!tmp_picture)
+    goto win_blur_background_err;
+
+  // Copy the content to tmp_picture, then copy back.
+  // We lift the PictureClipRegion here, to get the expanded pixels.
+  XFixesSetPictureClipRegion(ps->dpy, tgt_buffer, 0, 0, None);
+  XRenderComposite(ps->dpy, PictOpSrc, tgt_buffer, None, tmp_picture, xe, ye, 0, 0, 0, 0, wide, heie);
+  XFixesSetPictureClipRegion(ps->dpy, tgt_buffer, 0, 0, reg_paint);
+  XRenderSetPictureFilter(ps->dpy, tmp_picture, XRFILTER_CONVOLUTION, (XFixed *) convolution_blur, sizeof(convolution_blur) / sizeof(XFixed));
+  XRenderComposite(ps->dpy, PictOpSrc, tmp_picture, None, tgt_buffer, expand, expand, 0, 0, x, y, wid, hei);
+  xrfilter_reset(ps, tmp_picture);
+
+win_blur_background_err:
+  free_pixmap(ps, &tmp_pixmap);
+  free_picture(ps, &tmp_picture);
+}
+
 /**
  * Paint a window itself and dim it if asked.
  */
@@ -1610,7 +1670,8 @@ paint_all(session_t *ps, XserverRegion region, win *t) {
 
       // Detect if the region is empty before painting
       if (region == reg_paint || !is_region_empty(ps, reg_paint)) {
-        XFixesSetPictureClipRegion(ps->dpy, ps->tgt_buffer, 0, 0, reg_paint);
+        XFixesSetPictureClipRegion(ps->dpy, ps->tgt_buffer, 0, 0,
+            reg_paint);
 
         win_paint_shadow(ps, w, ps->tgt_buffer);
       }
@@ -1638,6 +1699,11 @@ paint_all(session_t *ps, XserverRegion region, win *t) {
 
     if (!is_region_empty(ps, reg_paint)) {
       XFixesSetPictureClipRegion(ps->dpy, ps->tgt_buffer, 0, 0, reg_paint);
+      // Blur window background
+      if ((ps->o.blur_background && WINDOW_SOLID != w->mode)
+          || (ps->o.blur_background_frame && w->frame_opacity)) {
+        win_blur_background(ps, w, ps->tgt_buffer, reg_paint);
+      }
 
       // Painting the window
       win_paint_win(ps, w, ps->tgt_buffer);
@@ -1670,7 +1736,7 @@ paint_all(session_t *ps, XserverRegion region, win *t) {
   // DBE painting mode, only need to swap the buffer
   if (ps->o.dbe) {
     XdbeSwapInfo swap_info = {
-      .swap_window = (ps->o.paint_on_overlay ? ps->overlay: ps->root),
+      .swap_window = get_tgt_window(ps),
       // Is it safe to use XdbeUndefined?
       .swap_action = XdbeCopied
     };
@@ -3689,6 +3755,14 @@ usage(void) {
     "  Use WM_CLIENT_LEADER to group windows, and consider windows in\n"
     "  the same group focused at the same time. WM_TRANSIENT_FOR has\n"
     "  higher priority if --detect-transient is enabled, too.\n"
+    "--blur-background\n"
+    "  Blur background of semi-transparent / ARGB windows. Bad in\n"
+    "  performance. The switch name may change without prior\n"
+    "  notifications.\n"
+    "--blur-background-frame\n"
+    "  Blur background of windows when the window frame is not opaque.\n"
+    "  Implies --blur-background. Bad in performance. The switch name\n"
+    "  may change.\n"
     "\n"
     "Format of a condition:\n"
     "\n"
@@ -4095,6 +4169,11 @@ parse_config(session_t *ps, char *cpath, struct options_tmp *pcfgtmp) {
   parse_cfg_condlst(&cfg, &ps->o.shadow_blacklist, "shadow-exclude");
   // --focus-exclude
   parse_cfg_condlst(&cfg, &ps->o.focus_blacklist, "focus-exclude");
+  // --blur-background
+  lcfg_lookup_bool(&cfg, "blur-background", &ps->o.blur_background);
+  // --blur-background-frame
+  lcfg_lookup_bool(&cfg, "blur-background-frame",
+      &ps->o.blur_background_frame);
   // Wintype settings
   {
     wintype_t i;
@@ -4154,6 +4233,8 @@ get_cfg(session_t *ps, int argc, char *const *argv) {
     { "inactive-dim-fixed", no_argument, NULL, 280 },
     { "detect-transient", no_argument, NULL, 281 },
     { "detect-client-leader", no_argument, NULL, 282 },
+    { "blur-background", no_argument, NULL, 283 },
+    { "blur-background-frame", no_argument, NULL, 284 },
     // Must terminate with a NULL entry
     { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 },
   };
@@ -4371,6 +4452,14 @@ get_cfg(session_t *ps, int argc, char *const *argv) {
         // --detect-client-leader
         ps->o.detect_client_leader = true;
         break;
+      case 283:
+        // --blur-background
+        ps->o.blur_background = true;
+        break;
+      case 284:
+        // --blur-background-frame
+        ps->o.blur_background_frame = true;
+        break;
       default:
         usage();
     }
@@ -4409,6 +4498,10 @@ get_cfg(session_t *ps, int argc, char *const *argv) {
     ps->o.wintype_opacity[WINTYPE_POPUP_MENU] = cfgtmp.menu_opacity;
   }
 
+  // --blur-background-frame implies --blur-background
+  if (ps->o.blur_background_frame)
+    ps->o.blur_background = true;
+
   // Other variables determined by options
 
   // Determine whether we need to track focus changes
@@ -4785,6 +4878,32 @@ init_overlay(session_t *ps) {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Query needed X Render filters to check for their existence.
+ */
+static void
+init_filters(session_t *ps) {
+  if (ps->o.blur_background || ps->o.blur_background_frame) {
+    // Query filters
+    XFilters *pf = XRenderQueryFilters(ps->dpy, get_tgt_window(ps));
+    if (pf) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < pf->nfilter; ++i) {
+        // Convolution filter
+        if (!strcmp(pf->filter[i], XRFILTER_CONVOLUTION))
+          ps->xrfilter_convolution_exists = true;
+      }
+    }
+    XFree(pf);
+
+    // Turn features off if any required filter is not present
+    if (!ps->xrfilter_convolution_exists) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "X Render convolution filter unsupported by your X server. Background blur disabled.\n");
+      ps->o.blur_background = false;
+      ps->o.blur_background_frame = false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Redirect all windows.
  */
@@ -4908,6 +5027,8 @@ session_init(session_t *ps_old, int argc, char **argv) {
       .inactive_dim = 0.0,
       .inactive_dim_fixed = false,
       .alpha_step = 0.03,
+      .blur_background = false,
+      .blur_background_frame = false,
 
       .wintype_focus = { false },
       .use_ewmh_active_win = false,
@@ -4977,6 +5098,7 @@ session_init(session_t *ps_old, int argc, char **argv) {
     .glx_event = 0,
     .glx_error = 0,
     .dbe_exists = false,
+    .xrfilter_convolution_exists = false,
 
     .atom_opacity = None,
     .atom_frame_extents = None,
@@ -5152,6 +5274,8 @@ session_init(session_t *ps_old, int argc, char **argv) {
     }
   }
 
+  init_filters(ps);
+
   ps->black_picture = solid_picture(ps, true, 1, 0, 0, 0);
 
   // Generates another Picture for shadows if the color is modified by

src/compton.h

@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@
 #define US_PER_SEC 1000000L
 #define MS_PER_SEC 1000
 
+#define XRFILTER_CONVOLUTION  "convolution"
+#define XRFILTER_GUASSIAN     "gaussian"
+#define XRFILTER_BINOMIAL     "binomial"
+
 // Window flags
 
 // Window size is changed
@@ -326,6 +330,11 @@ typedef struct {
   bool inactive_dim_fixed;
   /// Step for pregenerating alpha pictures. 0.01 - 1.0.
   double alpha_step;
+  /// Whether to blur background of semi-transparent / ARGB windows.
+  bool blur_background;
+  /// Whether to blur background when the window frame is not opaque.
+  /// Implies blur_background.
+  bool blur_background_frame;
 
   // === Focus related ===
   /// Consider windows of specific types to be always focused.
@@ -519,6 +528,8 @@ typedef struct {
   #endif
   /// Whether X DBE extension exists.
   bool dbe_exists;
+  /// Whether X Render convolution filter exists.
+  bool xrfilter_convolution_exists;
 
   // === Atoms ===
   /// Atom of property <code>_NET_WM_OPACITY</code>.
@@ -778,6 +789,22 @@ set_ignore_next(session_t *ps) {
 static int
 should_ignore(session_t *ps, unsigned long sequence);
 
+/**
+ * Return the painting target window.
+ */
+static inline Window
+get_tgt_window(session_t *ps) {
+  return ps->o.paint_on_overlay ? ps->overlay: ps->root;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset filter on a <code>Picture</code>.
+ */
+static inline void
+xrfilter_reset(session_t *ps, Picture p) {
+  XRenderSetPictureFilter(ps->dpy, p, "Nearest", NULL, 0);
+}
+
 /**
  * Subtract two unsigned long values.
  *