- [Distributed systems theory for the distributed engineer](http://the-paper-trail.org/blog/distributed-systems-theory-for-the-distributed-systems-engineer/), most of the papers/books in the blog might reappear in this list again. Still a good BFS approach to distributed systems.
- [FLP Impossibility Result (paper)](https://groups.csail.mit.edu/tds/papers/Lynch/jacm85.pdf), an easier [blog post](http://the-paper-trail.org/blog/a-brief-tour-of-flp-impossibility/) to follow along
- [Distributed Systems for fun and profit](http://book.mixu.net/distsys/single-page.html) [Free]
- [Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms, Andrew Tanenbaum](http://www.amazon.com/Distributed-Systems-Principles-Paradigms-2nd/dp/0132392275) [Amazon Link]
- [Making reliable distributed systems in the presence of software errors](http://www.erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf), [Free] Joe Amstrong's (Author of Erlang) PhD thesis
- [Times, Clocks and Ordering of Events in Distributed Systems](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf) Lamport's paper, the Quintessential distributed systems primer
- [Session Guarantees for Weakly Consistent Replicated Data](http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~dahlin/Classes/GradOS/papers/SessionGuaranteesPDIS.pdf) a '94 paper that talks about various recommendations for session guarantees for eventually consistent systems, many of this would be standard vocabulary in reading other dist. sys papers, like monotonic reads, read your writes etc.
Paraphrasing @fogus from their [blog](http://blog.fogus.me/2011/09/08/10-technical-papers-every-programmer-should-read-at-least-twice/), it is very rare for a paper describing an active production system to influence the state of active research in any industry; this is one of those seminal distributed systems paper that solves the problem of a highly available and fault tolerant database in an elegant way, later paving the way for systems like Cassandra, and many other AP systems using a consistent hashing.
- [Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf)
- [Cassandra: A Decentralized Structured Storage System](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.161.6751&rep=rep1&type=pdf) Inspired heavily by Dynamo, an now an open source
- [CRUSH: Controlled, Scalable, Decentralized Placement of Replicated Data](http://www.ssrc.ucsc.edu/Papers/weil-sc06.pdf), the algorithm for the basis of Ceph distributed storage system, for the architecture itself read [RADOS](http://ceph.com/papers/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf)
- [The Log: What every software engineer should know about real-time data's unifying abstraction](http://engineering.linkedin.com/distributed-systems/log-what-every-software-engineer-should-know-about-real-time-datas-unifying), a somewhat long read, but covers brilliantly on logs, which are at the heart of most distributed systems
- [The Part Time Parliament](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/lamport-paxos.pdf) Paxos, Lamport's original Paxos paper, a bit difficult to understand, may require multiple passes
- [Paxos Made Simple](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf), a more terse readable Paxos paper by Lamport himself. Shorter and more easier compared to the original.
- [The Chubby Lock Service for loosely coupled distributed systems](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) Google's lock service used for loosely coupled distributed systems. Sort of Paxos as a Service for building other distributed systems. Primary inspiration behind other Service Discovery & Coordination tools like Zookeeper, etcd, Consul etc.
- [Paxos made live - An engineering perspective](http://research.google.com/archive/paxos_made_live.html) Google's learning while implementing systems atop of Paxos. Demonstrates various practical issues encountered while implementing a theoretical concept.
- [Raft Consensus Algorithm](https://raftconsensus.github.io/) An alternative to Paxos for distributed consensus, that is much simpler to understand. Do checkout an [interesting visualization of raft](http://thesecretlivesofdata.com/raft/)
- [Conflict-free Replicated Data Types](https://pages.lip6.fr/Marc.Shapiro/papers/RR-7687.pdf) presents an approach for Strong Eventual Consistency which as been applied in projects such as [Riak](http://basho.com/products/riak-kv/), [Redis](https://redis.io/) and [Akka](https://akka.io/). A great talk on the subject by Martin Kleppmann can be found [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5NULPSiOGw)
- [Dapper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36356.pdf), Google's large scale distributed-systems tracing infrastructure, this was also the basis for the design of open source projects such as [Zipkin](http://zipkin.io/), [Apache SkyWalking](https://github.com/apache/incubator-skywalking), [Pinpoint](https://github.com/naver/pinpoint) and [HTrace](http://htrace.incubator.apache.org/).
- [PSync: a partially synchronous language for fault-tolerant distributed algorithms](http://www.di.ens.fr/~cezarad/popl16.pdf) Video: [Conference Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxfq9_L9T1U&t=51s)
- [Programming Models for Distributed Computing](http://heather.miller.am/teaching/cs7680/)
- [Logic and Lattices for Distributed Programming](http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/UCB-lattice-tr.pdf)
@aphyr has featured enough times in this list already, but Jepsen and the blog posts that go with are a quintessntial addition to any distributed systems reading list.
- [Distributed Deep Dive](https://blog.ably.io/introducing-distributed-deep-dive-interview-series-by-ably-realtime-42e76d757045) interview series by [Ably Relatime](https://ably.io).
- [ETH Zurich: Distributed Systems Part 2](http://dcg.ethz.ch/lectures/distsys), covers Distributed control algorithms, communication models, fault-tolerance among other things. In particular fault tolerance issues (models, consensus, agreement) and replication issues (2PC,3PC, Paxos), which are critical in understanding distributed systems are explained in great detail.
- [High Scalability](http://highscalability.com/) Several architectures of huge internet services, for eg [twitter](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/7/8/the-architecture-twitter-uses-to-deal-with-150m-active-users.html), [whatsapp](http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/2/26/the-whatsapp-architecture-facebook-bought-for-19-billion.html)
- [Turing Lecture: The Computer Science of Concurrency: The Early Years](http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2015/6/187316-turing-lecture-the-computer-science-of-concurrency/fulltext), An article by Leslie Lamport on concurrency
- [The Paper Trail](http://the-paper-trail.org/blog/tag/distributed-systems/) blog, a very readable blog covering various aspects of distributed systems
- [Files are hard](http://danluu.com/file-consistency/) A blog post on filesystem consistency, pretty important to read if you are into distributed storage or databases.
- [Distributed Systems Testing: The Lost World](http://tagide.com/blog/research/distributed-systems-testing-the-lost-world/) Testing distributed systems are hard enough, a well researched blog post which again covers a lot of links to various approaches and other papers
- [Readings in distributed systems](http://christophermeiklejohn.com/distributed/systems/2013/07/12/readings-in-distributed-systems.html)
- [Distributed Systems meta list](https://gist.github.com/macintux/6227368)
- [List of required readings for Distributed Systems](http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/15-749/READINGS/required/) Part of CMU's Engineering Distributed Systems course
- [A Distributed Systems Reading List](https://dancres.github.io/Pages/), A collection of material, mostly papers on Distributed Systems Theory as well as seminal industry papers
- [Distributed Systems Readings](https://henryr.github.io/distributed-systems-readings/), A comprehensive list of online courses related to distributed systems
