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# 😱 Awesome Falsehood [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge-flat.svg)](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome)
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**A curated list of falsehoods programmers believe in.**
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< p align = "center" >
< a href = "https://github.com/kdeldycke/awesome-falsehood/" >
< img src = "./assets/awesome-falsehood-header.jpg" alt = "Awesome Falsehood header image" >
< / a >
< / p >
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< p align = "center" >
< i > The logic of the world is prior to all truth and falsehood.< / i > < br >
— Ludwig Wittgenstein< sup id = "intro-quote-ref" > < a href = "#intro-quote-def" > [1]< / a > < / sup >
< / p >
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*Falsehood* articles are a form of commentary on a particular subject, and are
appreciated by the developer community at large for their effectiveness and
terseness. They're a convenient written form to approach an unfamiliar domain
by dispelling myths, point out common pitfalls, show inconsistencies and
subtleties.
In a sense, *Falsehood* articles are a suite of wordy unit-tests covering
extensive edge-cases provided by real-world usage.
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## Contents
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- [Meta ](#meta )
- [Arts ](#arts )
- [Business ](#business )
- [Dates and Time ](#dates-and-time )
- [Education ](#education )
- [Emails ](#emails )
- [Geography ](#geography )
- [Human Identity ](#human-identity )
- [Internationalization ](#internationalization )
- [Management ](#management )
- [Multimedia ](#multimedia )
- [Networks ](#networks )
- [Phone Numbers ](#phone-numbers )
- [Postal Addresses ](#postal-addresses )
- [Science ](#science )
- [Society ](#society )
- [Software Engineering ](#software-engineering )
- [Typography ](#typography )
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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## Meta
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- [Falsehoods Programmers Believe ](https://spaceninja.com/2015/12/07/falsehoods-programmers-believe/ ) - A
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brief list of common falsehoods. A great overview and quick introduction into
the world of falsehoods.
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- [Falsehoods About Programming ](https://chiselapp.com/user/ttmrichter/repository/gng/doc/trunk/output/falsehoods.html ) - A
humbling and fun list on programming and programmers themselves.
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- [Falsehoods About Falsehoods Lists ](https://kevin.deldycke.com/2016/12/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-falsehoods-lists/ ) - Meta
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commentary on how these falsehoods shouldn't be handled.
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## Arts
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- [Falsehoods About Music ](https://literateprogrammer.blogspot.fr/2016/07/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about.html ) - False
assumption that might be made in codifying music.
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- [Falsehoods About Art ](http://artsy.github.io/blog/2018/04/18/programmer-misconceptions-about-art/ ) - Common
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misconceptions about art.
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## Business
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- [Falsehoods About Online Shopping ](http://wiesmann.codiferes.net/wordpress/?p=22201 ) - Covers
prices, currencies and inventory.
- [Falsehoods About Prices ](https://gist.github.com/rgs/6509585 ) - Covers
currencies, amounts and localization.
- [Falsehoods About IBANs ](https://github.com/globalcitizen/php-iban/blob/master/docs/FALSEHOODS.md ) - International
Bank Account Numbers are not immune to mistakes.
- [Falsehoods About Economics ](http://exple.tive.org/blarg/2016/09/22/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-economics/ ) - Economics
are not simple or rational.
- [Falsehoods About Cars ](https://github.com/driveto/falsehoods-about-cars ) - Even
something as common as defining a car is full of pitfalls.
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- [Decimal Point Error in Etsy's Accounting System ](https://www.reddit.com/r/Etsy/comments/hz4877/if_you_are_an_etsy_seller_do_not_purchase_postage/ ) - The importance of types in accounting software: missing the decimal point ends up with 100x over-charges.
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- [CLDR currency definitions ](http://unicode.org/cldr/trac/browser/tags/release-31/common/supplemental/supplementalData.xml#L81 ) - Currency
validity date ranges overlap due to revolts, invasions, new constitutions, and
slow planned adoption.
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- [`tax` ](https://github.com/commerceguys/tax ) - A PHP 5.4+ tax management
library.
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## Dates and Time
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- [Falsehoods About Time ](http://infiniteundo.com/post/25326999628/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-time ) - Seminal
article on dates and time.
- [More Falsehoods About Time ](http://infiniteundo.com/post/25509354022/more-falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-time ) - Part.
2 of the article above.
- [Falsehoods About Time and Time Zones ](https://www.creativedeletion.com/2015/01/28/falsehoods-programmers-date-time-zones.html ) - Another
takes on time-related falsehoods, with an emphasis on time zones.
- [Critique of Falsehoods About Time ](https://gist.github.com/thanatos/eee17100476a336a711e ) - Takes
on the first article above and provides an explanation of each falsehood, with
more context and external resources.
- [Your Calendrical Fallacy Is Thinking… ](http://yourcalendricalfallacyis.com ) - List
covering intercalation and cultural influence, made by a community of iOS and
macOS developers.
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- [Time Zone Database ](https://www.iana.org/time-zones ) - Code and data that
represent the history of local time for many representative locations around
the globe.
- [The Long, Painful History of Time ](http://naggum.no/lugm-time.html ) - Most
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of the idiosyncrasies in time keeping can find an explanation in history.
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- [You Advocate a Calendar Reform ](https://qntm.org/calendar ) - Your idea will
not work. This article tells you why.
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- [So You Want to Abolish Time Zones ](https://qntm.org/abolish ) - Abolishing
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timezones may sound like a good idea, but there are quite a few complications
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that make it not quite so.
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- [The Problem with Time & Timezones ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5wpm-gesOY ) - A
video about why you should never, ever deal with timezones if you can help it.
- [$26,000 Overcollection by Labor Department ](http://digital.vpr.net/post/rounding-error-computer-code-leads-26000-overcollection-labor-department ) - The
consequence of wrong calendar accounting.
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- [ISO-8601, `YYYY`, `yyyy`, and why your year may be wrong ](https://ericasadun.com/2018/12/25/iso-8601-yyyy-yyyy-and-why-your-year-may-be-wrong/ ) - String
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formatting of date is hard.
- [UTC is Enough for everyone, right? ](https://zachholman.com/talk/utc-is-enough-for-everyone-right ) - There
are edge cases about dates and time (specifically UTC) that you probably
haven't thought of.
- [Storing UTC is not a silver bullet ](https://codeblog.jonskeet.uk/2019/03/27/storing-utc-is-not-a-silver-bullet/ ) - "Just
store dates in UTC" is not always the right approach.
- [Falsehoods about Unix Time ](https://alexwlchan.net/2019/05/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-unix-time/ ) - Mind
the leap second!
- [Why is subtracting these two times (in 1927) giving a strange result? ](https://stackoverflow.com/a/6841479/57311 ) - Infamous
Stack Overflow answer about both complicated historical timezones, and how
historical dates can be re-interpreted by newer versions of software.
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- [Critical and Significant Dates ](https://web.archive.org/web/20150908004245/http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/critdate.htm ) - From Y2K to the overflow of 32-bit seconds from unix epoch, a list of special date to watch for depending on the system.
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## Education
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- [Falsehoods CS Students (Still) Believe Upon Graduating ](https://www.netmeister.org/blog/cs-falsehoods.html ) - A
list of things (not only) computer science students tend to erroneously and at
times surprisingly believe even though they (probably) should know better.
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- [Postdoc myths ](https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/srk21/blog/2019/12/02/ ) - `Lots of things are said, written and believed about postdoctoral researchers that are simply not true.` .
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## Emails
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- [I Knew How to Validate an Email Address Until I Read the RFC ](https://haacked.com/archive/2007/08/21/i-knew-how-to-validate-an-email-address-until-i.aspx/ ) - Provides
intricate examples that are unsuspected valid email addresses according the
RFC-822.
- [So you think you can validate email addresses (FOSDEM 2018) ](https://fosdem.org/2018/schedule/event/email_address_quiz/ ) - Presentation
of edge-case email addresses and why you should not use regex to parse them.
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## Geography
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- [Falsehoods About Geography ](http://wiesmann.codiferes.net/wordpress/?p=15187 ) - Takes
on places, their names and locations.
- [Falsehoods About Maps ](http://www.atlefren.net/post/2014/09/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-maps/ ) - Covers
coordinates, projection and GIS.
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## Human Identity
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- [Falsehoods About Names ](https://www.kalzumeus.com/2010/06/17/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-names/ ) - The
article that started it all.
- [Falsehoods About Names – With Examples ](https://shinesolutions.com/2018/01/08/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-names-with-examples/ ) - A
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revisited version of the article above, this time with detailed explanations.
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- Falsehoods About Gender: [#1 ](https://gist.github.com/garbados/f82604ea639e0e47bf44 ) & [#2 ](https://medium.com/gender-2-0/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-gender-f9a3512b4c9c ) - Gender
is part of human identity and has its own subtleties.
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- [Gay Marriage: The Database Engineering Perspective ](https://web.archive.org/web/20170914014648/https://qntm.org/gay ) - How
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to store a marriage in a database while addressing most of the falsehoods about
gender, naming and relationships.
- [Falsehoods Programmers Believe About Families ](https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2017/03/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-families/ ) - You
can't really define a family with strict rules.
- [Personal Names Around the World ](https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-personal-names ) - How
do people's names differ around the world, and what are the implications for
the Web?
- [XKCD #327: Exploits of a Mom ](https://xkcd.com/327/ ) - Funny take on how
implementation of a falsehood might lead to security holes.
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- [Hello, I'm Mr. Null. My Name Makes Me Invisible to Computers ](https://www.wired.com/2015/11/null/ ) - Real-life
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example on how implemented falsehood has negative impact on someone's life.
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- [My name causes an issue with any booking! ](https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/149323/my-name-causes-an-issue-with-any-booking-names-end-with-mr-and-mrs ) - Old
airline reservation systems considers the `MR` suffix as `Mister` and drops it.
- [HL7 v3 RIM ](https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=186 ) - A
flexible data model for representing human names.
- [Apple iOS `NSPersonNameComponentsFormatter` ](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/Miscellaneous/Reference/NSPersonNameComponentsFormatter_Class/index.html ) - Localized
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representations of the components of a person's name.
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- [Falsehoods About Me ](https://skylarmacdonald.com/falsehoods/ ) - Issues at
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the intersection of names and gender and internationalization.
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## Internationalization
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On character encoding, string formatting, unicode and internationalization.
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- [Falsehoods About Language ](http://garbled.benhamill.com/2017/04/18/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-language ) - Translating
a software from English is not as straightforward as it seems to be.
- [Internationalis(z)ing Code ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0j74jcxSunY ) - A
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video about things you need to keep in mind when internationalizing your
code.
- [Minimum to Know About Unicode and Character Sets ](https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/ ) - A
good introduction to unicode, its historical context and origins, followed by
an overview of its inner working.
- [Awesome Unicode ](https://github.com/Wisdom/Awesome-Unicode ) - A curated list
of delightful Unicode tidbits, packages and resources.
- [Dark corners of Unicode ](https://eev.ee/blog/2015/09/12/dark-corners-of-unicode/ ) - Unicode
is extensive, here be dragons.
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- [Let's Stop Ascribing Meaning to Code Points ](https://manishearth.github.io/blog/2017/01/14/stop-ascribing-meaning-to-unicode-code-points/ ) - Dives
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deeper in Unicode and dispels myths about code points.
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- [Breaking Our `Latin-1` Assumptions ](https://manishearth.github.io/blog/2017/01/15/breaking-our-latin-1-assumptions/ ) - Most
programmers spend so much time with `Latin-1` they forgets about other's scripts
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quirks.
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- [Ode to a shipping label ](http://i.imgur.com/4J7Il0m.jpg ) - Character
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encoding is hard, more so when each broken layer of data input adds its own
spice.
- [i18n Testing Data ](https://github.com/patch/i18n-testing ) - Compilation of
real-word international and diverse name data for unit testing and QA.
- [Big List of Naughty Strings ](https://github.com/minimaxir/big-list-of-naughty-strings ) - A
huge corpus of strings which have a high probability of causing issues when
used as user-input data. A must have set of practical edge-cases to test your
software against.
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## Management
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- [Falsehoods About Job Applicants ](https://web.archive.org/web/20170114022820/https://medium.com/@creatrixtiara/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-job-applicants-99280437c616 ) - Assumptions
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about job applicants and their job histories aren't necessarily true.
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## Multimedia
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- [Falsehoods About Video ](https://haasn.xyz/posts/2016-12-25-falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-%5Bvideo-stuff%5D.html ) - Cover
it all: video decoding and playback, files, image scaling, color spaces and
conversion, displays and subtitles.
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## Networks
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- [Falsehoods About Networks ](http://blog.erratasec.com/2012/06/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about.html ) - Covers
TCP, DHCP, DNS, VLANs and IPv4/v6.
- [Fallacies of Distributed Computing ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_distributed_computing ) - Assumptions
that programmers new to distributed applications invariably make.
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- [There's more than one way to write an IP address ](https://ma.ttias.be/theres-more-than-one-way-to-write-an-ip-address/ ) - Some
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parts of the address are optional, mind the decimal and octal notations,
and [don't forget IPv6 ](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20390981 ) either.
- [`hostname-validate` ](https://github.com/jakeogh/hostname-validate ) - An
attempt to validate hostnames in Python.
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## Phone Numbers
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- [Falsehoods About Phone Numbers ](https://github.com/googlei18n/libphonenumber/blob/master/FALSEHOODS.md ) - Covers
phone numbers, their representation and meaning.
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- [`libphonenumber` ](https://github.com/googlei18n/libphonenumber ) - Google's
common Java, C++ and JavaScript library for parsing, formatting, and validating
international phone numbers. Also available for
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[C# ](https://github.com/twcclegg/libphonenumber-csharp ),
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[Objective-C ](https://github.com/iziz/libPhoneNumber-iOS ),
[Python ](https://github.com/daviddrysdale/python-phonenumbers ),
[Ruby ](https://github.com/sstephenson/global_phone ) and
[PHP ](https://github.com/giggsey/libphonenumber-for-php ).
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## Postal Addresses
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- [Falsehoods About Addresses ](https://www.mjt.me.uk/posts/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-addresses/ ) - Covers
streets, postal codes, buildings, cities and countries.
- [Falsehoods About Residence ](https://twitter.com/samphippen/status/813896916534784004 ) - It's
not only about the address itself, but the relationship between a person and its residence.
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- [Letter Delivered Despite No Name, No Address ](https://twitter.com/loriskumo/status/735851511331356672 ) - Ultimate
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falsehood about postal addresses: you do not need one.
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- [The Bear with Its Own ZIP Code ](https://kottke.org/19/08/the-bear-with-its-own-zip-code ) - Smokey
Bear has his own ZIP Code (`20252`) because he gets so much mail.
- [Regex and Postal Addresses ](https://smartystreets.com/articles/regular-expressions-for-street-addresses ) - Why
regular expressions and street addresses do not mix.
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- [`libaddressinput` ](https://github.com/googlei18n/libaddressinput ) - Google's
common C++ and Java library for parsing, formatting, and validating
international postal addresses.
- [`addressing` ](https://github.com/commerceguys/addressing ) - A PHP 5.4+
addressing library, powered by Google's dataset.
- [`postal-address` ](https://github.com/scaleway/postal-address ) - Python
module to parse, normalize and render postal addresses.
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- [`address` ](https://github.com/Boostport/address ) - Go library to validate
and format addresses using Google's dataset.
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## Science
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- [Falsehoods About Systems of Measurement ](https://www.stevemoser.org/posts/dev/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-systems-of-measurement.html ) - On
working with systems of measurement and converting between them.
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## Society
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- [Falsehoods About Political Appointments ](https://twitter.com/oliver_dw/status/737930439575404544 ) - Designing
election systems has its own tricks.
- [Falsehoods About Women In Tech ](https://gist.github.com/Su-Shee/5d1a417fa9de19c15477 ) - Myth
about women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) industries.
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## Software Engineering
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- [Falsehoods About Versions ](https://github.com/xenoterracide/falsehoods/blob/master/versions.md ) - Attributing
an identity to a software release might be harder than thought.
- [Falsehoods About Build Systems ](https://pozorvlak.livejournal.com/174763.html ) - Building
software is hard. Building software that builds software is harder.
- [Myths About File Paths ](https://yakking.branchable.com/posts/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-file-paths/ ) - Diversity
of file-systems and OSes makes file paths a little harder than we might think
of.
- [Falsehoods About REST APIs ](http://slinkp.com/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-apis.html ) - Pitfalls
to be mindful of when creating and documenting APIs.
- [Falsehoods About CSVs ](https://donatstudios.com/Falsehoods-Programmers-Believe-About-CSVs ) - While
RFC4180 to exists, it is far from definitive and goes largely ignored.
- [Falsehoods About Package Managers ](https://meta-package-manager.readthedocs.io/en/develop/falsehoods.html ) - Covers
package and their managers.
- [Falsehoods About Testing ](https://club.ministryoftesting.com/t/falsehoods-testers-believe/1371 ) - An
attempt to establish a list of falsehoods about testing.
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- [Popular misconceptions about `mtime` ](https://apenwarr.ca/log/20181113 ) - Part
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of a post on why file's `mtime` comparison could be considered harmful.
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- [Falsehoods About Pagination ](https://www.hezmatt.org/~mpalmer/blog/2018/12/12/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-pagination.html ) - Why
your pagination algorithm is giving someone (possibly you) a headache.
- [Rules for Autocomplete ](http://jeremymikkola.com/posts/2019_03_19_rules_for_autocomplete.html ) - Not
falsehoods *per-se* , but still a great list of good practices to implement
autocompletion.
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- [Floating Point Math ](https://0.30000000000000004.com ) - "Your language isn't
broken, it's doing floating point math. (…) This is why, more often than
not, `0.1 + 0.2 != 0.3` ."
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- [Falsehoods About Search ](https://opensourceconnections.com/blog/2019/05/29/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-search/ ) - Why
search (including analysis, tokenization, highlighting) is deceptively complex.
- [Hi! My name is… ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIebelIpdYk ) - This talk
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could have been named "falsehoods about usernames (and other identifiers)".
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- [Myths about `/dev/urandom` ](https://www.2uo.de/myths-about-urandom ) - There
are a few things about `/dev/urandom` and `/dev/random` that are repeated again and
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again. Still they are false.
- [Myths about CPU Caches ](https://software.rajivprab.com/2018/04/29/myths-programmers-believe-about-cpu-caches/ ) - Misconceptions
about caches often lead to false assertions, especially when it comes to
concurrency and race conditions.
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- [The Hidden Complexity of Downloading Favicons, Told in 15+ Edge Cases ](https://www.simplecto.com/complexity-downloading-favicons-told-in-15-plus-edge-cases/ ) - Downloading that little icon you see in you browser tabs should be a simple exercise. It turned out to be a lot more complicated than you think. Be vigilant that you are not shaving a Yak.
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- [Norway is not False ](https://mobile.twitter.com/chrisjrn/status/1232016100038266880 ) - Norway's ISO country code is also valid YAML for False.
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## Typography
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- [Falsehoods About Fonts ](https://github.com/RoelN/Font-Falsehoods ) - Assumptions
about typography on the web and in desktop applications.
- [Truths programmers should know about case ](https://www.b-list.org/weblog/2018/nov/26/case/ ) - A
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complete reverse of the falsehoods format, on the topic of case (as in uppercase
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and lowercase text).
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## Contributing
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Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the
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[contribution guidelines ](./.github/contributing.md ) first.
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## License
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[![CC0 ](https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/buttons/80x15/svg/cc-zero.svg )](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
Content of this repository is licensed under the [Creative Commons CC0 license ](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ).
To the extent possible under law, [Kevin Deldycke ](https://kevin.deldycke.com )
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has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.
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The [header image ](./assets/awesome-falsehood-header.jpg ) is based on a modified
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[photo taken in February 2010 by Iza Bella ](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BLW_Truth_and_Falsehood.jpg ),
distributed under a [Creative Commons BY-SA 2.0 UK
license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/deed.en).
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## Footnotes
* < a name = "intro-quote-def" > [1]</ a > : [*Notebooks, 1914-1916*, page 14e ](https://archive.org/details/notebooks191419100witt/page/n35 ) (Harper & Brothers, New York, 1961). [\[↑\]](#intro-quote-ref)