peertube/server/helpers/ffmpeg-utils.ts

import { Job } from 'bull'
import ffmpeg, { FfmpegCommand, FilterSpecification, getAvailableEncoders } from 'fluent-ffmpeg'
import { readFile, remove, writeFile } from 'fs-extra'
import { dirname, join } from 'path'
import { FFMPEG_NICE, VIDEO_LIVE } from '@server/initializers/constants'
import { pick } from '@shared/core-utils'
import {
  AvailableEncoders,
  EncoderOptions,
  EncoderOptionsBuilder,
  EncoderOptionsBuilderParams,
  EncoderProfile,
  VideoResolution
} from '../../shared/models/videos'
import { CONFIG } from '../initializers/config'
import { execPromise, promisify0 } from './core-utils'
import { computeFPS, ffprobePromise, getAudioStream, getVideoFileBitrate, getVideoFileFPS, getVideoFileResolution } from './ffprobe-utils'
import { processImage } from './image-utils'
import { logger } from './logger'

/**
 *
 * Functions that run transcoding/muxing ffmpeg processes
 * Mainly called by lib/video-transcoding.ts and lib/live-manager.ts
 *
 */

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Encoder options
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

type StreamType = 'audio' | 'video'

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Encoders support
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Detect supported encoders by ffmpeg
let supportedEncoders: Map<string, boolean>
async function checkFFmpegEncoders (peertubeAvailableEncoders: AvailableEncoders): Promise<Map<string, boolean>> {
  if (supportedEncoders !== undefined) {
    return supportedEncoders
  }

  const getAvailableEncodersPromise = promisify0(getAvailableEncoders)
  const availableFFmpegEncoders = await getAvailableEncodersPromise()

  const searchEncoders = new Set<string>()
  for (const type of [ 'live', 'vod' ]) {
    for (const streamType of [ 'audio', 'video' ]) {
      for (const encoder of peertubeAvailableEncoders.encodersToTry[type][streamType]) {
        searchEncoders.add(encoder)
      }
    }
  }

  supportedEncoders = new Map<string, boolean>()

  for (const searchEncoder of searchEncoders) {
    supportedEncoders.set(searchEncoder, availableFFmpegEncoders[searchEncoder] !== undefined)
  }

  logger.info('Built supported ffmpeg encoders.', { supportedEncoders, searchEncoders })

  return supportedEncoders
}

function resetSupportedEncoders () {
  supportedEncoders = undefined
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Image manipulation
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function convertWebPToJPG (path: string, destination: string): Promise<void> {
  const command = ffmpeg(path, { niceness: FFMPEG_NICE.THUMBNAIL })
    .output(destination)

  return runCommand({ command, silent: true })
}

function processGIF (
  path: string,
  destination: string,
  newSize: { width: number, height: number }
): Promise<void> {
  const command = ffmpeg(path, { niceness: FFMPEG_NICE.THUMBNAIL })
    .fps(20)
    .size(`${newSize.width}x${newSize.height}`)
    .output(destination)

  return runCommand({ command })
}

async function generateImageFromVideoFile (fromPath: string, folder: string, imageName: string, size: { width: number, height: number }) {
  const pendingImageName = 'pending-' + imageName

  const options = {
    filename: pendingImageName,
    count: 1,
    folder
  }

  const pendingImagePath = join(folder, pendingImageName)

  try {
    await new Promise<string>((res, rej) => {
      ffmpeg(fromPath, { niceness: FFMPEG_NICE.THUMBNAIL })
        .on('error', rej)
        .on('end', () => res(imageName))
        .thumbnail(options)
    })

    const destination = join(folder, imageName)
    await processImage(pendingImagePath, destination, size)
  } catch (err) {
    logger.error('Cannot generate image from video %s.', fromPath, { err })

    try {
      await remove(pendingImagePath)
    } catch (err) {
      logger.debug('Cannot remove pending image path after generation error.', { err })
    }
  }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Transcode meta function
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

type TranscodeOptionsType = 'hls' | 'hls-from-ts' | 'quick-transcode' | 'video' | 'merge-audio' | 'only-audio'

interface BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: TranscodeOptionsType

  inputPath: string
  outputPath: string

  availableEncoders: AvailableEncoders
  profile: string

  resolution: number

  isPortraitMode?: boolean

  job?: Job
}

interface HLSTranscodeOptions extends BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: 'hls'
  copyCodecs: boolean
  hlsPlaylist: {
    videoFilename: string
  }
}

interface HLSFromTSTranscodeOptions extends BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: 'hls-from-ts'

  isAAC: boolean

  hlsPlaylist: {
    videoFilename: string
  }
}

interface QuickTranscodeOptions extends BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: 'quick-transcode'
}

interface VideoTranscodeOptions extends BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: 'video'
}

interface MergeAudioTranscodeOptions extends BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: 'merge-audio'
  audioPath: string
}

interface OnlyAudioTranscodeOptions extends BaseTranscodeOptions {
  type: 'only-audio'
}

type TranscodeOptions =
  HLSTranscodeOptions
  | HLSFromTSTranscodeOptions
  | VideoTranscodeOptions
  | MergeAudioTranscodeOptions
  | OnlyAudioTranscodeOptions
  | QuickTranscodeOptions

const builders: {
  [ type in TranscodeOptionsType ]: (c: FfmpegCommand, o?: TranscodeOptions) => Promise<FfmpegCommand> | FfmpegCommand
} = {
  'quick-transcode': buildQuickTranscodeCommand,
  'hls': buildHLSVODCommand,
  'hls-from-ts': buildHLSVODFromTSCommand,
  'merge-audio': buildAudioMergeCommand,
  'only-audio': buildOnlyAudioCommand,
  'video': buildx264VODCommand
}

async function transcode (options: TranscodeOptions) {
  logger.debug('Will run transcode.', { options })

  let command = getFFmpeg(options.inputPath, 'vod')
    .output(options.outputPath)

  command = await builders[options.type](command, options)

  await runCommand({ command, job: options.job })

  await fixHLSPlaylistIfNeeded(options)
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Live muxing/transcoding functions
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

async function getLiveTranscodingCommand (options: {
  rtmpUrl: string

  outPath: string
  masterPlaylistName: string

  resolutions: number[]

  // Input information
  fps: number
  bitrate: number
  ratio: number

  availableEncoders: AvailableEncoders
  profile: string
}) {
  const { rtmpUrl, outPath, resolutions, fps, bitrate, availableEncoders, profile, masterPlaylistName, ratio } = options
  const input = rtmpUrl

  const command = getFFmpeg(input, 'live')

  const varStreamMap: string[] = []

  const complexFilter: FilterSpecification[] = [
    {
      inputs: '[v:0]',
      filter: 'split',
      options: resolutions.length,
      outputs: resolutions.map(r => `vtemp${r}`)
    }
  ]

  command.outputOption('-sc_threshold 0')

  addDefaultEncoderGlobalParams({ command })

  for (let i = 0; i < resolutions.length; i++) {
    const resolution = resolutions[i]
    const resolutionFPS = computeFPS(fps, resolution)

    const baseEncoderBuilderParams = {
      input,

      availableEncoders,
      profile,

      inputBitrate: bitrate,
      inputRatio: ratio,

      resolution,
      fps: resolutionFPS,

      streamNum: i,
      videoType: 'live' as 'live'
    }

    {
      const streamType: StreamType = 'video'
      const builderResult = await getEncoderBuilderResult({ ...baseEncoderBuilderParams, streamType })
      if (!builderResult) {
        throw new Error('No available live video encoder found')
      }

      command.outputOption(`-map [vout${resolution}]`)

      addDefaultEncoderParams({ command, encoder: builderResult.encoder, fps: resolutionFPS, streamNum: i })

      logger.debug('Apply ffmpeg live video params from %s using %s profile.', builderResult.encoder, profile, builderResult)

      command.outputOption(`${buildStreamSuffix('-c:v', i)} ${builderResult.encoder}`)
      applyEncoderOptions(command, builderResult.result)

      complexFilter.push({
        inputs: `vtemp${resolution}`,
        filter: getScaleFilter(builderResult.result),
        options: `w=-2:h=${resolution}`,
        outputs: `vout${resolution}`
      })
    }

    {
      const streamType: StreamType = 'audio'
      const builderResult = await getEncoderBuilderResult({ ...baseEncoderBuilderParams, streamType })
      if (!builderResult) {
        throw new Error('No available live audio encoder found')
      }

      command.outputOption('-map a:0')

      addDefaultEncoderParams({ command, encoder: builderResult.encoder, fps: resolutionFPS, streamNum: i })

      logger.debug('Apply ffmpeg live audio params from %s using %s profile.', builderResult.encoder, profile, builderResult)

      command.outputOption(`${buildStreamSuffix('-c:a', i)} ${builderResult.encoder}`)
      applyEncoderOptions(command, builderResult.result)
    }

    varStreamMap.push(`v:${i},a:${i}`)
  }

  command.complexFilter(complexFilter)

  addDefaultLiveHLSParams(command, outPath, masterPlaylistName)

  command.outputOption('-var_stream_map', varStreamMap.join(' '))

  return command
}

function getLiveMuxingCommand (rtmpUrl: string, outPath: string, masterPlaylistName: string) {
  const command = getFFmpeg(rtmpUrl, 'live')

  command.outputOption('-c:v copy')
  command.outputOption('-c:a copy')
  command.outputOption('-map 0:a?')
  command.outputOption('-map 0:v?')

  addDefaultLiveHLSParams(command, outPath, masterPlaylistName)

  return command
}

function buildStreamSuffix (base: string, streamNum?: number) {
  if (streamNum !== undefined) {
    return `${base}:${streamNum}`
  }

  return base
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Default options
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function addDefaultEncoderGlobalParams (options: {
  command: FfmpegCommand
}) {
  const { command } = options

  // avoid issues when transcoding some files: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/6375
  command.outputOption('-max_muxing_queue_size 1024')
         // strip all metadata
         .outputOption('-map_metadata -1')
         // NOTE: b-strategy 1 - heuristic algorithm, 16 is optimal B-frames for it
         .outputOption('-b_strategy 1')
         // NOTE: Why 16: https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/pull/774. b-strategy 2 -> B-frames<16
         .outputOption('-bf 16')
         // allows import of source material with incompatible pixel formats (e.g. MJPEG video)
         .outputOption('-pix_fmt yuv420p')
}

function addDefaultEncoderParams (options: {
  command: FfmpegCommand
  encoder: 'libx264' | string
  streamNum?: number
  fps?: number
}) {
  const { command, encoder, fps, streamNum } = options

  if (encoder === 'libx264') {
    // 3.1 is the minimal resource allocation for our highest supported resolution
    command.outputOption(buildStreamSuffix('-level:v', streamNum) + ' 3.1')

    if (fps) {
      // Keyframe interval of 2 seconds for faster seeking and resolution switching.
      // https://streaminglearningcenter.com/blogs/whats-the-right-keyframe-interval.html
      // https://superuser.com/a/908325
      command.outputOption(buildStreamSuffix('-g:v', streamNum) + ' ' + (fps * 2))
    }
  }
}

function addDefaultLiveHLSParams (command: FfmpegCommand, outPath: string, masterPlaylistName: string) {
  command.outputOption('-hls_time ' + VIDEO_LIVE.SEGMENT_TIME_SECONDS)
  command.outputOption('-hls_list_size ' + VIDEO_LIVE.SEGMENTS_LIST_SIZE)
  command.outputOption('-hls_flags delete_segments+independent_segments')
  command.outputOption(`-hls_segment_filename ${join(outPath, '%v-%06d.ts')}`)
  command.outputOption('-master_pl_name ' + masterPlaylistName)
  command.outputOption(`-f hls`)

  command.output(join(outPath, '%v.m3u8'))
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Transcode VOD command builders
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

async function buildx264VODCommand (command: FfmpegCommand, options: TranscodeOptions) {
  let fps = await getVideoFileFPS(options.inputPath)
  fps = computeFPS(fps, options.resolution)

  let scaleFilterValue: string

  if (options.resolution !== undefined) {
    scaleFilterValue = options.isPortraitMode === true
      ? `w=${options.resolution}:h=-2`
      : `w=-2:h=${options.resolution}`
  }

  command = await presetVideo({ command, input: options.inputPath, transcodeOptions: options, fps, scaleFilterValue })

  return command
}

async function buildAudioMergeCommand (command: FfmpegCommand, options: MergeAudioTranscodeOptions) {
  command = command.loop(undefined)

  const scaleFilterValue = getScaleCleanerValue()
  command = await presetVideo({ command, input: options.audioPath, transcodeOptions: options, scaleFilterValue })

  command.outputOption('-preset:v veryfast')

  command = command.input(options.audioPath)
                   .outputOption('-tune stillimage')
                   .outputOption('-shortest')

  return command
}

function buildOnlyAudioCommand (command: FfmpegCommand, _options: OnlyAudioTranscodeOptions) {
  command = presetOnlyAudio(command)

  return command
}

function buildQuickTranscodeCommand (command: FfmpegCommand) {
  command = presetCopy(command)

  command = command.outputOption('-map_metadata -1') // strip all metadata
                   .outputOption('-movflags faststart')

  return command
}

function addCommonHLSVODCommandOptions (command: FfmpegCommand, outputPath: string) {
  return command.outputOption('-hls_time 4')
                .outputOption('-hls_list_size 0')
                .outputOption('-hls_playlist_type vod')
                .outputOption('-hls_segment_filename ' + outputPath)
                .outputOption('-hls_segment_type fmp4')
                .outputOption('-f hls')
                .outputOption('-hls_flags single_file')
}

async function buildHLSVODCommand (command: FfmpegCommand, options: HLSTranscodeOptions) {
  const videoPath = getHLSVideoPath(options)

  if (options.copyCodecs) command = presetCopy(command)
  else if (options.resolution === VideoResolution.H_NOVIDEO) command = presetOnlyAudio(command)
  else command = await buildx264VODCommand(command, options)

  addCommonHLSVODCommandOptions(command, videoPath)

  return command
}

function buildHLSVODFromTSCommand (command: FfmpegCommand, options: HLSFromTSTranscodeOptions) {
  const videoPath = getHLSVideoPath(options)

  command.outputOption('-c copy')

  if (options.isAAC) {
    // Required for example when copying an AAC stream from an MPEG-TS
    // Since it's a bitstream filter, we don't need to reencode the audio
    command.outputOption('-bsf:a aac_adtstoasc')
  }

  addCommonHLSVODCommandOptions(command, videoPath)

  return command
}

async function fixHLSPlaylistIfNeeded (options: TranscodeOptions) {
  if (options.type !== 'hls' && options.type !== 'hls-from-ts') return

  const fileContent = await readFile(options.outputPath)

  const videoFileName = options.hlsPlaylist.videoFilename
  const videoFilePath = getHLSVideoPath(options)

  // Fix wrong mapping with some ffmpeg versions
  const newContent = fileContent.toString()
                                .replace(`#EXT-X-MAP:URI="${videoFilePath}",`, `#EXT-X-MAP:URI="${videoFileName}",`)

  await writeFile(options.outputPath, newContent)
}

function getHLSVideoPath (options: HLSTranscodeOptions | HLSFromTSTranscodeOptions) {
  return `${dirname(options.outputPath)}/${options.hlsPlaylist.videoFilename}`
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Transcoding presets
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Run encoder builder depending on available encoders
// Try encoders by priority: if the encoder is available, run the chosen profile or fallback to the default one
// If the default one does not exist, check the next encoder
async function getEncoderBuilderResult (options: EncoderOptionsBuilderParams & {
  streamType: 'video' | 'audio'
  input: string

  availableEncoders: AvailableEncoders
  profile: string

  videoType: 'vod' | 'live'
}) {
  const { availableEncoders, profile, streamType, videoType } = options

  const encodersToTry = availableEncoders.encodersToTry[videoType][streamType]
  const encoders = availableEncoders.available[videoType]

  for (const encoder of encodersToTry) {
    if (!(await checkFFmpegEncoders(availableEncoders)).get(encoder)) {
      logger.debug('Encoder %s not available in ffmpeg, skipping.', encoder)
      continue
    }

    if (!encoders[encoder]) {
      logger.debug('Encoder %s not available in peertube encoders, skipping.', encoder)
      continue
    }

    // An object containing available profiles for this encoder
    const builderProfiles: EncoderProfile<EncoderOptionsBuilder> = encoders[encoder]
    let builder = builderProfiles[profile]

    if (!builder) {
      logger.debug('Profile %s for encoder %s not available. Fallback to default.', profile, encoder)
      builder = builderProfiles.default

      if (!builder) {
        logger.debug('Default profile for encoder %s not available. Try next available encoder.', encoder)
        continue
      }
    }

    const result = await builder(pick(options, [ 'input', 'resolution', 'inputBitrate', 'fps', 'inputRatio', 'streamNum' ]))

    return {
      result,

      // If we don't have output options, then copy the input stream
      encoder: result.copy === true
        ? 'copy'
        : encoder
    }
  }

  return null
}

async function presetVideo (options: {
  command: FfmpegCommand
  input: string
  transcodeOptions: TranscodeOptions
  fps?: number
  scaleFilterValue?: string
}) {
  const { command, input, transcodeOptions, fps, scaleFilterValue } = options

  let localCommand = command
    .format('mp4')
    .outputOption('-movflags faststart')

  addDefaultEncoderGlobalParams({ command })

  const probe = await ffprobePromise(input)

  // Audio encoder
  const parsedAudio = await getAudioStream(input, probe)
  const bitrate = await getVideoFileBitrate(input, probe)
  const { ratio } = await getVideoFileResolution(input, probe)

  let streamsToProcess: StreamType[] = [ 'audio', 'video' ]

  if (!parsedAudio.audioStream) {
    localCommand = localCommand.noAudio()
    streamsToProcess = [ 'video' ]
  }

  for (const streamType of streamsToProcess) {
    const { profile, resolution, availableEncoders } = transcodeOptions

    const builderResult = await getEncoderBuilderResult({
      streamType,
      input,
      resolution,
      availableEncoders,
      profile,
      fps,
      inputBitrate: bitrate,
      inputRatio: ratio,
      videoType: 'vod' as 'vod'
    })

    if (!builderResult) {
      throw new Error('No available encoder found for stream ' + streamType)
    }

    logger.debug(
      'Apply ffmpeg params from %s for %s stream of input %s using %s profile.',
      builderResult.encoder, streamType, input, profile, builderResult
    )

    if (streamType === 'video') {
      localCommand.videoCodec(builderResult.encoder)

      if (scaleFilterValue) {
        localCommand.outputOption(`-vf ${getScaleFilter(builderResult.result)}=${scaleFilterValue}`)
      }
    } else if (streamType === 'audio') {
      localCommand.audioCodec(builderResult.encoder)
    }

    applyEncoderOptions(localCommand, builderResult.result)
    addDefaultEncoderParams({ command: localCommand, encoder: builderResult.encoder, fps })
  }

  return localCommand
}

function presetCopy (command: FfmpegCommand): FfmpegCommand {
  return command
    .format('mp4')
    .videoCodec('copy')
    .audioCodec('copy')
}

function presetOnlyAudio (command: FfmpegCommand): FfmpegCommand {
  return command
    .format('mp4')
    .audioCodec('copy')
    .noVideo()
}

function applyEncoderOptions (command: FfmpegCommand, options: EncoderOptions): FfmpegCommand {
  return command
    .inputOptions(options.inputOptions ?? [])
    .outputOptions(options.outputOptions ?? [])
}

function getScaleFilter (options: EncoderOptions): string {
  if (options.scaleFilter) return options.scaleFilter.name

  return 'scale'
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Utils
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function getFFmpeg (input: string, type: 'live' | 'vod') {
  // We set cwd explicitly because ffmpeg appears to create temporary files when trancoding which fails in read-only file systems
  const command = ffmpeg(input, {
    niceness: type === 'live' ? FFMPEG_NICE.LIVE : FFMPEG_NICE.VOD,
    cwd: CONFIG.STORAGE.TMP_DIR
  })

  const threads = type === 'live'
    ? CONFIG.LIVE.TRANSCODING.THREADS
    : CONFIG.TRANSCODING.THREADS

  if (threads > 0) {
    // If we don't set any threads ffmpeg will chose automatically
    command.outputOption('-threads ' + threads)
  }

  return command
}

function getFFmpegVersion () {
  return new Promise<string>((res, rej) => {
    (ffmpeg() as any)._getFfmpegPath((err, ffmpegPath) => {
      if (err) return rej(err)
      if (!ffmpegPath) return rej(new Error('Could not find ffmpeg path'))

      return execPromise(`${ffmpegPath} -version`)
        .then(stdout => {
          const parsed = stdout.match(/ffmpeg version .?(\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?)/)
          if (!parsed || !parsed[1]) return rej(new Error(`Could not find ffmpeg version in ${stdout}`))

          // Fix ffmpeg version that does not include patch version (4.4 for example)
          let version = parsed[1]
          if (version.match(/^\d+\.\d+$/)) {
            version += '.0'
          }

          return res(version)
        })
        .catch(err => rej(err))
    })
  })
}

async function runCommand (options: {
  command: FfmpegCommand
  silent?: boolean // false
  job?: Job
}) {
  const { command, silent = false, job } = options

  return new Promise<void>((res, rej) => {
    let shellCommand: string

    command.on('start', cmdline => { shellCommand = cmdline })

    command.on('error', (err, stdout, stderr) => {
      if (silent !== true) logger.error('Error in ffmpeg.', { stdout, stderr })

      rej(err)
    })

    command.on('end', (stdout, stderr) => {
      logger.debug('FFmpeg command ended.', { stdout, stderr, shellCommand })

      res()
    })

    if (job) {
      command.on('progress', progress => {
        if (!progress.percent) return

        job.progress(Math.round(progress.percent))
          .catch(err => logger.warn('Cannot set ffmpeg job progress.', { err }))
      })
    }

    command.run()
  })
}

// Avoid "height not divisible by 2" error
function getScaleCleanerValue () {
  return 'trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2'
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

export {
  getLiveTranscodingCommand,
  getLiveMuxingCommand,
  buildStreamSuffix,
  convertWebPToJPG,
  processGIF,
  generateImageFromVideoFile,
  TranscodeOptions,
  TranscodeOptionsType,
  transcode,
  runCommand,
  getFFmpegVersion,

  resetSupportedEncoders,

  // builders
  buildx264VODCommand
}