diff --git a/lib/devise/active_record.rb b/lib/devise/active_record.rb
index 922f50c7..5ade11cd 100644
--- a/lib/devise/active_record.rb
+++ b/lib/devise/active_record.rb
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ module Devise
     def devise(*options)
       options  = [:confirmable, :recoverable, :validatable] if options.include?(:all)
       options |= [:authenticable]
+      options |= [:perishable] if options.include?(:confirmable) || options.include?(:recoverable)
 
       options.each do |m|
         devise_modules << m.to_sym
diff --git a/lib/devise/models/confirmable.rb b/lib/devise/models/confirmable.rb
index 6a4a8538..09b9811b 100644
--- a/lib/devise/models/confirmable.rb
+++ b/lib/devise/models/confirmable.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-require 'devise/models/perishable'
-
 module Devise
   module Models
 
@@ -25,12 +23,13 @@ module Devise
 
       def self.included(base)
         base.class_eval do
-          include ::Devise::Models::Perishable
           extend ClassMethods
 
           after_create  :send_confirmation_instructions
           before_update :reset_confirmation, :if => :email_changed?
           after_update  :send_confirmation_instructions, :if => :email_changed?
+
+          before_create :reset_perishable_token
         end
       end
 
@@ -38,11 +37,8 @@ module Devise
       # is already confirmed, add en error to email field
       #
       def confirm!
-        unless confirmed?
+        unless_confirmed do
           update_attribute(:confirmed_at, Time.now)
-        else
-          errors.add(:email, :already_confirmed, :default => 'already confirmed')
-          false
         end
       end
 
@@ -77,6 +73,18 @@ module Devise
           self.confirmed_at = nil
         end
 
+        # Checks whether the record is confirmed or not, yielding to the block if
+        # it's already confirmed, otherwise adds an error to email.
+        #
+        def unless_confirmed
+          unless confirmed?
+            yield
+          else
+            errors.add(:email, :already_confirmed, :default => 'already confirmed')
+            false
+          end
+        end
+
       module ClassMethods
         # Attempt to find a user by it's email. If a record is found, send new
         # confirmation instructions to it. If not user is found, returns a new user
diff --git a/lib/devise/models/perishable.rb b/lib/devise/models/perishable.rb
index 6a439836..04ee3599 100644
--- a/lib/devise/models/perishable.rb
+++ b/lib/devise/models/perishable.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ module Devise
       def self.included(base)
         base.class_eval do
           extend ClassMethods
-          before_create :reset_perishable_token
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/lib/devise/models/recoverable.rb b/lib/devise/models/recoverable.rb
index 057872c5..4eadeedc 100644
--- a/lib/devise/models/recoverable.rb
+++ b/lib/devise/models/recoverable.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-require 'devise/models/perishable'
-
 module Devise
   module Models
 
@@ -17,7 +15,6 @@ module Devise
     module Recoverable
       def self.included(base)
         base.class_eval do
-          include ::Devise::Models::Perishable
           extend ClassMethods
         end
       end
diff --git a/test/models/perishable_test.rb b/test/models/perishable_test.rb
index 5e44fdac..e78d48c9 100644
--- a/test/models/perishable_test.rb
+++ b/test/models/perishable_test.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class PerishableTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test 'should generate a sha1 hash for perishable token' do
-    ActiveSupport::SecureRandom.expects(:base64).with(15).times(3).returns('perishable token')
+    ActiveSupport::SecureRandom.expects(:base64).with(15).twice.returns('perishable token')
     assert_equal 'perishable token', create_user.perishable_token
   end
 end