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Merge pull request #2479 from dudebout/port-redirection-doc 

Port redirection doc
This commit is contained in:
Andy Rothfusz 2013-11-01 13:43:53 -07:00
parent 65ba2868d7 c0e51a8f27
commit 33d8c736fc
3 changed files with 156 additions and 59 deletions
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64
docs/sources/commandline/cli.rst
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ To stop a container, use ``docker stop``
To kill the container, use ``docker kill``
.. _cli_attach_examples:
Examples:
~~~~~~~~~
@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ Examples:
Mem: 373572k total, 355560k used, 18012k free, 27872k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221740k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17200 1116 912 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17200 1116 912 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
top - 02:05:55 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ Examples:
Mem: 373572k total, 355244k used, 18328k free, 27872k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
top - 02:05:58 up 3:06, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ Examples:
Mem: 373572k total, 355780k used, 17792k free, 27880k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
^C$
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
^C$
$ sudo docker stop $ID
.. _cli_build:
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ by using the ``git://`` schema.
-m="": Commit message
-author="": Author (eg. "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>"
-run="": Configuration to be applied when the image is launched with `docker run`.
-run="": Configuration to be applied when the image is launched with `docker run`.
(ex: '{"Cmd": ["cat", "/world"], "PortSpecs": ["22"]}')
Full -run example (multiline is ok within a single quote ``'``)
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ Shell 1: Listening for events
.............................
.. code-block:: bash
$ sudo docker events
Shell 2: Start and Stop a Container
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ Insert file from github
Usage: docker kill CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Kill a running container (Send SIGKILL)
The main process inside the container will be sent SIGKILL.
.. _cli_login:
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ The main process inside the container will be sent SIGKILL.
Remove one or more containers
-link="": Remove the link instead of the actual container
Examples:
~~~~~~~~~
@ -621,58 +621,51 @@ use-cases, like running Docker within Docker.
docker run -w /path/to/dir/ -i -t ubuntu pwd
The ``-w`` lets the command being executed inside directory given,
here /path/to/dir/. If the path does not exists it is created inside the
The ``-w`` lets the command being executed inside directory given,
here /path/to/dir/. If the path does not exists it is created inside the
container.
.. code-block:: bash
docker run -v `pwd`:`pwd` -w `pwd` -i -t ubuntu pwd
The ``-v`` flag mounts the current working directory into the container.
The ``-w`` lets the command being executed inside the current
The ``-v`` flag mounts the current working directory into the container.
The ``-w`` lets the command being executed inside the current
working directory, by changing into the directory to the value
returned by ``pwd``. So this combination executes the command
using the container, but inside the current working directory.
.. code-block:: bash
docker run -p 127.0.0.0::80 ubuntu bash
docker run -p 127.0.0.0:80:8080 ubuntu bash
The ``-p`` flag now allows you to bind a port to a specific
interface of the host machine. In this example port ``80`` of the
container will have a dynamically allocated port bound to 127.0.0.1
of the host.
.. code-block:: bash
docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:80 ubuntu bash
This will bind port ``80`` of the container to port ``80`` on 127.0.0.1 of your
host machine.
This binds port ``8080`` of the container to port ``80`` on 127.0.0.1 of the
host machine. :ref:`port_redirection` explains in detail how to manipulate ports
in Docker.
.. code-block:: bash
docker run -expose 80 ubuntu bash
This will expose port ``80`` of the container for use within a link
without publishing the port to the host system's interfaces.
This exposes port ``80`` of the container for use within a link without
publishing the port to the host system's interfaces. :ref:`port_redirection`
explains in detail how to manipulate ports in Docker.
.. code-block:: bash
docker run -name console -t -i ubuntu bash
This will create and run a new container with the container name
This will create and run a new container with the container name
being ``console``.
.. code-block:: bash
docker run -link /redis:redis -name console ubuntu bash
The ``-link`` flag will link the container named ``/redis`` into the
The ``-link`` flag will link the container named ``/redis`` into the
newly created container with the alias ``redis``. The new container
can access the network and environment of the redis container via
environment variables. The ``-name`` flag will assign the name ``console``
environment variables. The ``-name`` flag will assign the name ``console``
to the newly created container.
.. _cli_search:
@ -713,7 +706,7 @@ to the newly created container.
Stop a running container (Send SIGTERM, and then SIGKILL after grace period)
-t=10: Number of seconds to wait for the container to stop before killing it.
The main process inside the container will receive SIGTERM, and after a grace period, SIGKILL
.. _cli_tag:
@ -758,6 +751,3 @@ Show the version of the docker client, daemon, and latest released version.
Usage: docker wait [OPTIONS] NAME
Block until a container stops, then print its exit code.

10
docs/sources/use/builder.rst
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@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ override the default specified in CMD.
``EXPOSE <port> [<port>...]``
The ``EXPOSE`` instruction sets ports to be publicly exposed when
running the image. This is functionally equivalent to running ``docker
commit -run '{"PortSpecs": ["<port>", "<port2>"]}'`` outside the
builder. Take a look at :ref:`port_redirection` for more information.
The ``EXPOSE`` instruction exposes ports for use within links. This is
functionally equivalent to running ``docker commit -run '{"PortSpecs":
["<port>", "<port2>"]}'`` outside the builder. Refer to
:ref:`port_redirection` for detailed information.
3.6 ENV
-------
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ The copy obeys the following rules:
considered a regular file and the contents of ``<src>`` will be
written at ``<dest>``.
* If ``<dest>`` doesn't exist, it is created along with all missing
directories in its path.
directories in its path.
.. _entrypoint_def:

141
docs/sources/use/port_redirection.rst
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@ -8,29 +8,136 @@
Port redirection
================
Docker can redirect public TCP and UDP ports to your container, so it can be
reached over the network. Port redirection is done on ``docker run``
using the -p flag.
A port redirect is specified as *PUBLIC:PRIVATE*, where TCP port
*PUBLIC* will be redirected to TCP port *PRIVATE*. As a special case,
the public port can be omitted, in which case a random public port
will be allocated.
Interacting with a service is commonly done through a connection to a
port. When this service runs inside a container, one can connect to
the port after finding the IP address of the container as follows:
.. code-block:: bash
# A random PUBLIC port is redirected to PRIVATE port 80 on the container
sudo docker run -p 80 <image> <cmd>
# Find IP address of container with ID <container_id>
docker inspect <container_id> | grep IPAddress | cut -d '"' -f 4
# PUBLIC port 80 is redirected to PRIVATE port 80
sudo docker run -p 80:80 <image> <cmd>
However, this IP address is local to the host system and the container
port is not reachable by the outside world. Furthermore, even if the
port is used locally, e.g. by another container, this method is
tedious as the IP address of the container changes every time it
starts.
To redirect a UDP port the redirection must be expressed as *PUBLIC:PRIVATE/udp*:
Docker addresses these two problems and give a simple and robust way
to access services running inside containers.
To allow non-local clients to reach the service running inside the
container, Docker provide ways to bind the container port to an
interface of the host system. To simplify communication between
containers, Docker provides the linking mechanism.
Binding a port to an host interface
-----------------------------------
To bind a port of the container to a specific interface of the host
system, use the ``-p`` parameter of the ``docker run`` command:
.. code-block:: bash
# PUBLIC port 5300 is redirected to the PRIVATE port 53 using UDP
sudo docker run -p 5300:53/udp <image> <cmd>
# General syntax
docker run -p [([<host_interface>:[host_port]])|(<host_port>):]<container_port>[/udp] <image> <cmd>
Default port redirects can be built into a container with the
``EXPOSE`` build command.
When no host interface is provided, the port is bound to all available
interfaces of the host machine (aka INADDR_ANY, or 0.0.0.0).When no host port is
provided, one is dynamically allocated. The possible combinations of options for
TCP port are the following:
.. code-block:: bash
# Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to TCP port 80 on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine.
docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080 <image> <cmd>
# Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to a dynamically allocated TCP port on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine.
docker run -p 127.0.0.1::8080 <image> <cmd>
# Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to TCP port 80 on all available interfaces of the host machine.
docker run -p 80:8080 <image> <cmd>
# Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to a dynamically allocated TCP port on all available interfaces of the host machine.
docker run -p 8080 <image> <cmd>
UDP ports can also be bound by adding a trailing ``/udp``. All the
combinations described for TCP work. Here is only one example:
.. code-block:: bash
# Bind UDP port 5353 of the container to UDP port 53 on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine.
docker run -p 127.0.0.1:53:5353/udp <image> <cmd>
The command ``docker port`` lists the interface and port on the host
machine bound to a given container port. It is useful when using
dynamically allocated ports:
.. code-block:: bash
# Bind to a dynamically allocated port
docker run -p 127.0.0.1::8080 -name dyn-bound <image> <cmd>
# Lookup the actual port
docker port dyn-bound 8080
127.0.0.1:49160
Linking a container
-------------------
Communication between two containers can also be established in a
docker-specific way called linking.
To briefly present the concept of linking, let us consider two
containers: ``server``, containing the service, and ``client``,
accessing the service. Once ``server`` is running, ``client`` is
started and links to server. Linking sets environment variables in
``client`` giving it some information about ``server``. In this sense,
linking is a method of service discovery.
Let us now get back to our topic of interest; communication between
the two containers. We mentioned that the tricky part about this
communication was that the IP address of ``server`` was not
fixed. Therefore, some of the environment variables are going to be
used to inform ``client`` about this IP address. This process called
exposure, is possible because ``client`` is started after ``server``
has been started.
Here is a full example. On ``server``, the port of interest is
exposed. The exposure is done either through the ``-expose`` parameter
to the ``docker run`` command, or the ``EXPOSE`` build command in a
Dockerfile:
.. code-block:: bash
# Expose port 80
docker run -expose 80 -name server <image> <cmd>
The ``client`` then links to the ``server``:
.. code-block:: bash
# Link
docker run -name client -link server:linked-server <image> <cmd>
``client`` locally refers to ``server`` as ``linked-server``. The
following environment variables, among others, are available on
``client``:
.. code-block:: bash
# The default protocol, ip, and port of the service running in the container
LINKED-SERVER_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.8:80
# A specific protocol, ip, and port of various services
LINKED-SERVER_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.8:80
LINKED-SERVER_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
LINKED-SERVER_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.8
LINKED-SERVER_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
This tells ``client`` that a service is running on port 80 of
``server`` and that ``server`` is accessible at the IP address
172.17.0.8
Note: Using the ``-p`` parameter also exposes the port..