Update IPv6 docs with modern `ip` command use + `sysctl`
Fixes: #10701 Updates the IPv6 documentation and images to reflect the more modern `ip -6` command set versus `route` and `ifconfig`. Also removes the use of the special 2002: address range as that is reserved for 6to4 addressing, as well as use of any public address range and re-works the switched routing example to use 3 subnets of the documentation IPv6 prefix range. Also conformed all use of addresses to the same doc range per @MalteJ's commit. Docker-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Phil Estes <estesp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> (github: estesp) Signed-off-by: Malte Janduda <mail@janduda.net>
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Phil Estes
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@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ To assign globally routable IPv6 addresses to your containers you have to
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specify an IPv6 subnet to pick the addresses from. Set the IPv6 subnet via the
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`--fixed-cidr-v6` parameter when starting Docker daemon:
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docker -d --ipv6 --fixed-cidr-v6="2001:db8:0:2::/64"
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docker -d --ipv6 --fixed-cidr-v6="2001:db8:1::/64"
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The subnet for Docker containers should at least have a size of `/80`. This way
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an IPv6 address can end with the container's MAC address and you prevent NDP
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@ -443,11 +443,11 @@ With the `--fixed-cidr-v6` parameter set Docker will add a new route to the
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routing table. Further IPv6 routing will be enabled (you may prevent this by
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starting Docker daemon with `--ip-forward=false`):
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$ route -A inet6 add 2001:db8:0:2::/64 dev docker0
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$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/forwarding
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$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding
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$ ip -6 route add 2001:db8:1::/64 dev docker0
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$ sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding=1
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$ sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
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All traffic to the subnet `2001:db8:0:2::/64` will now be routed
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All traffic to the subnet `2001:db8:1::/64` will now be routed
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via the `docker0` interface.
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Be aware that IPv6 forwarding may interfere with your existing IPv6
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@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ enabled forwarding will result in rejecting Router Advertisements. E.g., if you
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want to configure `eth0` via Router Advertisements you should set:
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```
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$ echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra
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$ sysctl net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra=2
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```
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@ -465,45 +465,36 @@ want to configure `eth0` via Router Advertisements you should set:
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Every new container will get an IPv6 address from the defined subnet. Further
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a default route will be added via the gateway `fe80::1` on `eth0`:
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docker run -it ubuntu bash -c "ifconfig eth0; route -A inet6"
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docker run -it ubuntu bash -c "ip -6 addr show dev eth0; ip -6 route show"
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eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:02
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inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
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inet6 addr: 2001:db8:0:2::1/64 Scope:Global
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inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 Scope:Link
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UP BROADCAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
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RX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
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TX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
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collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
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RX bytes:110 (110.0 B) TX bytes:110 (110.0 B)
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15: eth0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500
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inet6 2001:db8:1:0:0:242:ac11:3/64 scope global
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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Kernel IPv6 routing table
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Destination Next Hop Flag Met Ref Use If
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2001:db8:0:2::/64 :: U 256 0 0 eth0
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fe80::/64 :: U 256 0 0 eth0
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::/0 fe80::1 UG 1024 0 0 eth0
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::/0 :: !n -1 1 1 lo
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::1/128 :: Un 0 1 0 lo
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ff00::/8 :: U 256 1 0 eth0
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::/0 :: !n -1 1 1 lo
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2001:db8:1::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256
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fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256
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default via fe80::1 dev eth0 metric 1024
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In this example the Docker container is assigned a link-local address with the
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network suffix `/64` (here: `fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64`) and a globally routable
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IPv6 address (here: `2001:db8:0:2::1/64`). The container will create connections
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to addresses outside of the `2001:db8:0:2::/64` network via the link-local
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gateway at `fe80::1` on `eth0`.
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network suffix `/64` (here: `fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64`) and a globally routable
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IPv6 address (here: `2001:db8:1:0:0:242:ac11:3/64`). The container will create
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connections to addresses outside of the `2001:db8:1::/64` network via the
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link-local gateway at `fe80::1` on `eth0`.
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Often servers or virtual machines get a `/64` IPv6 subnet assigned. In this case
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you can split it up further and provide Docker a `/80` subnet while using a
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separate `/80` subnet for other applications on the host:
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Often servers or virtual machines get a `/64` IPv6 subnet assigned (e.g.
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`2001:db8:23:42::/64`). In this case you can split it up further and provide
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Docker a `/80` subnet while using a separate `/80` subnet for other
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applications on the host:
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In this setup the subnet `2001:db8::/80` with a range from `2001:db8::0:0:0:0`
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to `2001:db8::0:ffff:ffff:ffff` is attached to `eth0`, with the host listening
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at `2001:db8::1`. The subnet `2001:db8:0:0:0:1::/80` with an address range from
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`2001:db8::1:0:0:0` to `2001:db8::1:ffff:ffff:ffff` is attached to `docker0` and
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will be used by containers.
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In this setup the subnet `2001:db8:23:42::/80` with a range from `2001:db8:23:42:0:0:0:0`
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to `2001:db8:23:42:0:ffff:ffff:ffff` is attached to `eth0`, with the host listening
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at `2001:db8:23:42::1`. The subnet `2001:db8:23:42:1::/80` with an address range from
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`2001:db8:23:42:1:0:0:0` to `2001:db8:23:42:1:ffff:ffff:ffff` is attached to
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`docker0` and will be used by containers.
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### Docker IPv6 Cluster
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@ -514,29 +505,29 @@ example:
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The Docker hosts are in the `2000::/64` subnet. Host1 is configured
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to provide addresses from the `2001::/64` subnet to its containers. It has three
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routes configured:
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The Docker hosts are in the `2001:db8:0::/64` subnet. Host1 is configured
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to provide addresses from the `2001:db8:1::/64` subnet to its containers. It
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has three routes configured:
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- Route all traffic to `2000::/64` via `eth0`
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- Route all traffic to `2001::/64` via `docker0`
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- Route all traffic to `2002::/64` via Host2 with IP `2000::2`
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- Route all traffic to `2001:db8:0::/64` via `eth0`
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- Route all traffic to `2001:db8:1::/64` via `docker0`
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- Route all traffic to `2001:db8:2::/64` via Host2 with IP `2001:db8::2`
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Host1 also acts as a router on OSI layer 3. When one of the network clients
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tries to contact a target that is specified in Host1's routing table Host1 will
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forward the traffic accordingly. It acts as a router for all networks it knows:
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`2000:/64`, `2001:/64` and `2002::/64`.
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`2001:db8::/64`, `2001:db8:1::/64` and `2001:db8:2::/64`.
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On Host2 we have nearly the same configuration. Host2's containers will get IPv6
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addresses from `2002::/64`. Host2 has three routes configured:
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On Host2 we have nearly the same configuration. Host2's containers will get
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IPv6 addresses from `2001:db8:2::/64`. Host2 has three routes configured:
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- Route all traffic to `2000::/64` via `eth0`
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- Route all traffic to `2002::/64` via `docker0`
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- Route all traffic to `2001::/64` via Host1 with IP `2000::1`
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- Route all traffic to `2001:db8:0::/64` via `eth0`
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- Route all traffic to `2001:db8:2::/64` via `docker0`
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- Route all traffic to `2001:db8:1::/64` via Host1 with IP `2001:db8:0::1`
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The difference to Host1 is that the network `2002::/64` is directly attached to
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the host via its `docker0` interface whereas it reaches `2001::/64` via Host1's
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IPv6 address `2000::1`.
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The difference to Host1 is that the network `2001:db8:2::/64` is directly
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attached to the host via its `docker0` interface whereas it reaches
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`2001:db8:1::/64` via Host1's IPv6 address `2001:db8::1`.
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This way every container is able to contact every other container. The
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containers `Container1-*` share the same subnet and contact each other directly.
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