# Mac OS X You install Docker using Docker Toolbox. Docker Toolbox includes the following Docker tools: * Docker Machine for running the `docker-machine` binary * Docker Engine for running the `docker` binary * Docker Compose for running the `docker-compose` binary * Kitematic, the Docker GUI * a shell preconfigured for a Docker command-line environment * Oracle VM VirtualBox Because the Docker daemon uses Linux-specific kernel features, you can't run Docker natively in OS X. Instead, you must use `docker-machine` to create and attach to a virtual machine (VM). This machine is a Linux VM that hosts Docker for you on your Mac. **Requirements** Your Mac must be running OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion" or newer to install the Docker Toolbox. ### Learn the key concepts before installing In a Docker installation on Linux, your physical machine is both the localhost and the Docker host. In networking, localhost means your computer. The Docker host is the computer on which the containers run. On a typical Linux installation, the Docker client, the Docker daemon, and any containers run directly on your localhost. This means you can address ports on a Docker container using standard localhost addressing such as `localhost:8000` or `0.0.0.0:8376`.  In an OS X installation, the `docker` daemon is running inside a Linux VM called `default`. The `default` is a lightweight Linux VM made specifically to run the Docker daemon on Mac OS X. The VM runs completely from RAM, is a small ~24MB download, and boots in approximately 5s.  In OS X, the Docker host address is the address of the Linux VM. When you start the VM with `docker-machine` it is assigned an IP address. When you start a container, the ports on a container map to ports on the VM. To see this in practice, work through the exercises on this page. ### Installation If you have VirtualBox running, you must shut it down before running the installer. 1. Go to the [Docker Toolbox](https://www.docker.com/toolbox) page. 2. Click the Download link. 3. Install Docker Toolbox by double-clicking the package or by right-clicking and choosing "Open" from the pop-up menu. The installer launches the "Install Docker Toolbox" dialog.  4. Press "Continue" to install the toolbox. The installer presents you with options to customize the standard installation.  By default, the standard Docker Toolbox installation: * installs binaries for the Docker tools in `/usr/local/bin` * makes these binaries available to all users * installs VirtualBox; or updates any existing installation To change these defaults, press "Customize" or "Change Install Location." 5. Press "Install" to perform the standard installation. The system prompts you for your password.  6. Provide your password to continue with the installation. When it completes, the installer provides you with some information you can use to complete some common tasks.  7. Press "Close" to exit. ## Running a Docker Container To run a Docker container, you: * Create a new (or start an existing) virtual machine * Switch your environment to your new VM * Use the `docker` client to create, load, and manage containers You can reuse this virtual machine as often as you like. Like any VirtualBox VM, it maintains its configuration between uses. There are two ways to use the installed tools, from the Docker Quickstart Terminal or [from your shell](#from-your-shell). ### From the Docker Quickstart Terminal 1. Open the "Applications" folder or the "Launchpad". 2. Find the Docker Quickstart Terminal and double-click to launch it. The application: * Opens a terminal window * Creates a `default` VM if it doesn't exists, and starts the VM after * Points the terminal environment to this VM Once the launch completes, the Docker Quickstart Terminal reports:  Now, you can run `docker` commands. 3. Verify your setup succeeded by running the `hello-world` container. $ docker run hello-world Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally 511136ea3c5a: Pull complete 31cbccb51277: Pull complete e45a5af57b00: Pull complete hello-world:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security. Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest Hello from Docker. This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (Assuming it was not already locally available.) 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal. To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash For more examples and ideas, visit: http://docs.docker.com/userguide/ A more typical way to interact with the Docker tools is from your regular shell command line. ### From your shell This section assumes you are running a Bash shell. You may be running a different shell such as C Shell but the commands are the same. 1. Create a new Docker VM. $ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox default Creating VirtualBox VM... Creating SSH key... Starting VirtualBox VM... Starting VM... To see how to connect Docker to this machine, run: docker-machine env default This creates a new `default` VM in VirtualBox. The command also creates a machine configuration in the `~/.docker/machine/machines/default` directory. You only need to run the `create` command once. Then, you can use `docker-machine` to start, stop, query, and otherwise manage the VM from the command line. 2. List your available machines. $ docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM default * virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.101:2376 If you have previously installed the deprecated Boot2Docker application or run the Docker Quickstart Terminal, you may have a `dev` VM as well. When you created `default` VM, the `docker-machine` command provided instructions for learning how to connect the VM. 3. Get the environment commands for your new VM. $ docker-machine env default export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1" export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.101:2376" export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/Users/mary/.docker/machine/machines/default" export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="default" # Run this command to configure your shell: # eval "$(docker-machine env default)" 4. Connect your shell to the `default` machine. $ eval "$(docker-machine env default)" 5. Run the `hello-world` container to verify your setup. $ docker run hello-world ## Learn about your Toolbox installation Toolbox installs the Docker Engine binary, the Docker binary on your system. When you use the Docker Quickstart Terminal or create a `default` VM manually, Docker Machine updates the `~/.docker/machine/machines/default` folder to your system. This folder contains the configuration for the VM. You can create multiple VMs on your system with Docker Machine. Therefore, you may end up with multiple VM folders if you have more than one VM. To remove a VM, use the `docker-machine rm ` command. ## Migrate from Boot2Docker If you were using Boot2Docker previously, you have a pre-existing Docker `boot2docker-vm` VM on your local system. To allow Docker Machine to manage this older VM, you can migrate it. 1. Open a terminal or the Docker CLI on your system. 2. Type the following command. $ docker-machine create -d virtualbox --virtualbox-import-boot2docker-vm boot2docker-vm docker-vm 3. Use the `docker-machine` command to interact with the migrated VM. The `docker-machine` subcommands are slightly different than the `boot2docker` subcommands. The table below lists the equivalent `docker-machine` subcommand and what it does: | `boot2docker` | `docker-machine` | `docker-machine` description | |----------------|------------------|----------------------------------------------------------| | init | create | Creates a new docker host. | | up | start | Starts a stopped machine. | | ssh | ssh | Runs a command or interactive ssh session on the machine.| | save | - | Not applicable. | | down | stop | Stops a running machine. | | poweroff | stop | Stops a running machine. | | reset | restart | Restarts a running machine. | | config | inspect | Prints machine configuration details. | | status | ls | Lists all machines and their status. | | info | inspect | Displays a machine's details. | | ip | ip | Displays the machine's ip address. | | shellinit | env | Displays shell commands needed to configure your shell to interact with a machine | | delete | rm | Removes a machine. | | download | - | Not applicable. | | upgrade | upgrade | Upgrades a machine's Docker client to the latest stable release. | ## Examples on Mac OS X Work through this section to try some practical container tasks on a VM. At this point, you should have a VM running and be connected to it through your shell. To verify this, run the following commands: $ docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM default * virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 The `ACTIVE` machine, in this case `default`, is the one your environment is pointing to. ### Access container ports 1. Start an NGINX container on the DOCKER_HOST. $ docker run -d -P --name web nginx Normally, the `docker run` commands starts a container, runs it, and then exits. The `-d` flag keeps the container running in the background after the `docker run` command completes. The `-P` flag publishes exposed ports from the container to your local host; this lets you access them from your Mac. 2. Display your running container with `docker ps` command CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5fb65ff765e9 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:49156->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:49157->80/tcp web At this point, you can see `nginx` is running as a daemon. 3. View just the container's ports. $ docker port web 443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49156 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49157 This tells you that the `web` container's port `80` is mapped to port `49157` on your Docker host. 4. Enter the `http://localhost:49157` address (`localhost` is `0.0.0.0`) in your browser:  This didn't work. The reason it doesn't work is your `DOCKER_HOST` address is not the localhost address (0.0.0.0) but is instead the address of your Docker VM. 5. Get the address of the `default` VM. $ docker-machine ip default 192.168.59.103 6. Enter the `http://192.168.59.103:49157` address in your browser:  Success! 7. To stop and then remove your running `nginx` container, do the following: $ docker stop web $ docker rm web ### Mount a volume on the container When you start a container it automatically shares your `/Users/username` directory with the VM. You can use this share point to mount directories onto your container. The next exercise demonstrates how to do this. 1. Change to your user `$HOME` directory. $ cd $HOME 2. Make a new `site` directory. $ mkdir site 3. Change into the `site` directory. $ cd site 4. Create a new `index.html` file. $ echo "my new site" > index.html 5. Start a new `nginx` container and replace the `html` folder with your `site` directory. $ docker run -d -P -v $HOME/site:/usr/share/nginx/html \ --name mysite nginx 6. View the `mysite` container's port. $ docker port mysite 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49166 443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49165 7. Open the site in a browser:  8. Add a page to your `$HOME/site` in real time. $ echo "This is cool" > cool.html 9. Open the new page in the browser.  10. Stop and then remove your running `mysite` container. $ docker stop mysite $ docker rm mysite > **Note**: There is a [known > issue](https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/virtualbox/#known-issues) that > may cause files shared with your nginx container to not update correctly as you > modify them on your host. ## Upgrade Docker Toolbox To upgrade Docker Toolbox, download and re-run the [Docker Toolbox installer](https://docker.com/toolbox/). ## Uninstall Docker Toolbox To uninstall, do the following: 1. List your machines. $ docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM dev * virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 my-docker-machine virtualbox Stopped default virtualbox Stopped 2. Remove each machine. $ docker-machine rm dev Successfully removed dev Removing a machine deletes its VM from VirtualBox and from the `~/.docker/machine/machines` directory. 3. Remove the Docker Quickstart Terminal and Kitematic from your "Applications" folder. 4. Remove the `docker`, `docker-compose`, and `docker-machine` commands from the `/usr/local/bin` folder. $ rm /usr/local/bin/docker 5. Delete the `~/.docker` folder from your system. ## Learning more Use `docker-machine help` to list the full command line reference for Docker Machine. For more information about using SSH or SCP to access a VM, see the [Docker Machine documentation](https://docs.docker.com/machine/). You can continue with the [Docker Engine User Guide](../userguide/index.md). If you are interested in using the Kitematic GUI, see the [Kitematic user guide](https://docs.docker.com/kitematic/userguide/).