# Working with containers In the [last section of the Docker User Guide](dockerizing.md) we launched our first containers. We launched containers using the `docker run` command: * Interactive container runs in the foreground. * Daemonized container runs in the background. In the process we learned about several Docker commands: * `docker ps` - Lists containers. * `docker logs` - Shows us the standard output of a container. * `docker stop` - Stops running containers. > **Tip:** > Another way to learn about `docker` commands is our > [interactive tutorial](https://www.docker.com/tryit/). The `docker` client is pretty simple. Each action you can take with Docker is a command and each command can take a series of flags and arguments. # Usage: [sudo] docker [command] [flags] [arguments] .. # Example: $ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash Let's see this in action by using the `docker version` command to return version information on the currently installed Docker client and daemon. $ docker version This command will not only provide you the version of Docker client and daemon you are using, but also the version of Go (the programming language powering Docker). Client: Version: 1.8.1 API version: 1.20 Go version: go1.4.2 Git commit: d12ea79 Built: Thu Aug 13 02:35:49 UTC 2015 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Version: 1.8.1 API version: 1.20 Go version: go1.4.2 Git commit: d12ea79 Built: Thu Aug 13 02:35:49 UTC 2015 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 ## Get Docker command help You can display the help for specific Docker commands. The help details the options and their usage. To see a list of all the possible commands, use the following: $ docker --help To see usage for a specific command, specify the command with the `--help` flag: $ docker attach --help Usage: docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Attach to a running container --help=false Print usage --no-stdin=false Do not attach stdin --sig-proxy=true Proxy all received signals to the process > **Note:** > For further details and examples of each command, see the > [command reference](../reference/commandline/cli.md) in this guide. ## Running a web application in Docker So now we've learnt a bit more about the `docker` client let's move onto the important stuff: running more containers. So far none of the containers we've run did anything particularly useful, so let's change that by running an example web application in Docker. For our web application we're going to run a Python Flask application. Let's start with a `docker run` command. $ docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py Let's review what our command did. We've specified two flags: `-d` and `-P`. We've already seen the `-d` flag which tells Docker to run the container in the background. The `-P` flag is new and tells Docker to map any required network ports inside our container to our host. This lets us view our web application. We've specified an image: `training/webapp`. This image is a pre-built image we've created that contains a simple Python Flask web application. Lastly, we've specified a command for our container to run: `python app.py`. This launches our web application. > **Note:** > You can see more detail on the `docker run` command in the [command > reference](../reference/commandline/run.md) and the [Docker Run > Reference](../reference/run.md). ## Viewing our web application container Now let's see our running container using the `docker ps` command. $ docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bc533791f3f5 training/webapp:latest python app.py 5 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:49155->5000/tcp nostalgic_morse You can see we've specified a new flag, `-l`, for the `docker ps` command. This tells the `docker ps` command to return the details of the *last* container started. > **Note:** > By default, the `docker ps` command only shows information about running > containers. If you want to see stopped containers too use the `-a` flag. We can see the same details we saw [when we first Dockerized a container](dockerizing.md) with one important addition in the `PORTS` column. PORTS 0.0.0.0:49155->5000/tcp When we passed the `-P` flag to the `docker run` command Docker mapped any ports exposed in our image to our host. > **Note:** > We'll learn more about how to expose ports in Docker images when > [we learn how to build images](dockerimages.md). In this case Docker has exposed port 5000 (the default Python Flask port) on port 49155. Network port bindings are very configurable in Docker. In our last example the `-P` flag is a shortcut for `-p 5000` that maps port 5000 inside the container to a high port (from *ephemeral port range* which typically ranges from 32768 to 61000) on the local Docker host. We can also bind Docker containers to specific ports using the `-p` flag, for example: $ docker run -d -p 80:5000 training/webapp python app.py This would map port 5000 inside our container to port 80 on our local host. You might be asking about now: why wouldn't we just want to always use 1:1 port mappings in Docker containers rather than mapping to high ports? Well 1:1 mappings have the constraint of only being able to map one of each port on your local host. Let's say you want to test two Python applications: both bound to port 5000 inside their own containers. Without Docker's port mapping you could only access one at a time on the Docker host. So let's now browse to port 49155 in a web browser to see the application. . Our Python application is live! > **Note:** > If you have been using a virtual machine on OS X, Windows or Linux, > you'll need to get the IP of the virtual host instead of using localhost. > You can do this by running the `docker-machine ip your_vm_name` from your command line or terminal application, for example: > > $ docker-machine ip my-docker-vm > 192.168.99.100 > > In this case you'd browse to `http://192.168.99.100:49155` for the above example. ## A network port shortcut Using the `docker ps` command to return the mapped port is a bit clumsy so Docker has a useful shortcut we can use: `docker port`. To use `docker port` we specify the ID or name of our container and then the port for which we need the corresponding public-facing port. $ docker port nostalgic_morse 5000 0.0.0.0:49155 In this case we've looked up what port is mapped externally to port 5000 inside the container. ## Viewing the web application's logs Let's also find out a bit more about what's happening with our application and use another of the commands we've learnt, `docker logs`. $ docker logs -f nostalgic_morse * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ 10.0.2.2 - - [23/May/2014 20:16:31] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 - 10.0.2.2 - - [23/May/2014 20:16:31] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 - This time though we've added a new flag, `-f`. This causes the `docker logs` command to act like the `tail -f` command and watch the container's standard out. We can see here the logs from Flask showing the application running on port 5000 and the access log entries for it. ## Looking at our web application container's processes In addition to the container's logs we can also examine the processes running inside it using the `docker top` command. $ docker top nostalgic_morse PID USER COMMAND 854 root python app.py Here we can see our `python app.py` command is the only process running inside the container. ## Inspecting our web application container Lastly, we can take a low-level dive into our Docker container using the `docker inspect` command. It returns a JSON document containing useful configuration and status information for the specified container. $ docker inspect nostalgic_morse Let's see a sample of that JSON output. [{ "ID": "bc533791f3f500b280a9626688bc79e342e3ea0d528efe3a86a51ecb28ea20", "Created": "2014-05-26T05:52:40.808952951Z", "Path": "python", "Args": [ "app.py" ], "Config": { "Hostname": "bc533791f3f5", "Domainname": "", "User": "", . . . We can also narrow down the information we want to return by requesting a specific element, for example to return the container's IP address we would: $ docker inspect -f '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' nostalgic_morse 172.17.0.5 ## Stopping our web application container Okay we've seen web application working. Now let's stop it using the `docker stop` command and the name of our container: `nostalgic_morse`. $ docker stop nostalgic_morse nostalgic_morse We can now use the `docker ps` command to check if the container has been stopped. $ docker ps -l ## Restarting our web application container Oops! Just after you stopped the container you get a call to say another developer needs the container back. From here you have two choices: you can create a new container or restart the old one. Let's look at starting our previous container back up. $ docker start nostalgic_morse nostalgic_morse Now quickly run `docker ps -l` again to see the running container is back up or browse to the container's URL to see if the application responds. > **Note:** > Also available is the `docker restart` command that runs a stop and > then start on the container. ## Removing our web application container Your colleague has let you know that they've now finished with the container and won't need it again. So let's remove it using the `docker rm` command. $ docker rm nostalgic_morse Error: Impossible to remove a running container, please stop it first or use -f 2014/05/24 08:12:56 Error: failed to remove one or more containers What happened? We can't actually remove a running container. This protects you from accidentally removing a running container you might need. Let's try this again by stopping the container first. $ docker stop nostalgic_morse nostalgic_morse $ docker rm nostalgic_morse nostalgic_morse And now our container is stopped and deleted. > **Note:** > Always remember that removing a container is final! # Next steps Until now we've only used images that we've downloaded from [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com). Next, let's get introduced to building and sharing our own images. Go to [Working with Docker Images](dockerimages.md).