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Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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# Contributing to Puma
By participating in this project, you agree to follow the [code of conduct].
[code of conduct]: https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
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There are lots of ways to contribute to Puma. Some examples include:
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* creating a [bug report] or [feature request]
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* verifying [existing bug reports] and adding [reproduction steps]
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* reviewing [pull requests] and testing the changes locally on your machine
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* writing or editing [documentation]
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* improving test coverage
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* fixing a [reproducing bug] or adding a new feature
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[bug report]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/new?template=bug_report.md
[feature request]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/new?template=feature_request.md
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[existing bug reports]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aneeds-repro
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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[pull requests]: https://github.com/puma/puma/pulls
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[documentation]: https://github.com/puma/puma/tree/master/docs
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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[reproduction steps]: https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/CONTRIBUTING.md#reproduction-steps
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[reproducing bug]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Abug
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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Newbies welcome
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Newbies welcome! We would be happy to help you make your first contribution to a F/OSS project.
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## Setup
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First step: join us on Matrix at [#puma-contrib:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/!blREBEDhVeXTYdjTVT:matrix.org?via=matrix.org)
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Clone the Puma repository:
```sh
git clone git@github.com:puma/puma.git && cd puma
```
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You need to install [ragel] (use Ragel version 7.0.0.9) to generate Puma's extension code.
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macOS:
```sh
brew install ragel
```
Linux:
```sh
apt-get install ragel
```
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Windows (Ruby 2.5 and later):
```sh
ridk exec pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-openssl mingw-w64-x86_64-ragel
```
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Install the Ruby dependencies:
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```sh
bundle install
```
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To run Puma locally, you must compile the native extension.
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Ubuntu, macOS, etc:
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```sh
bundle exec rake compile
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```
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Windows:
```sh
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bundle exec rake -rdevkit compile
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```
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Now, you should be able to run Puma locally:
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```sh
bundle exec bin/puma test/rackup/hello.ru
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# -or-
bundle exec ruby -Ilib bin/puma test/rackup/hello.ru
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```
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Alternatively, you can reference your local copy in a project's `Gemfile`:
```ruby
gem "puma", path: "/path/to/local/puma"
```
See the [Bundler docs](https://bundler.io/man/gemfile.5.html#PATH) for more details.
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[ragel]: https://www.colm.net/open-source/ragel/
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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## Running tests
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To run the entire test suite:
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```sh
bundle exec rake test:all
```
To run a single test file:
```sh
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bundle exec ruby test/test_binder.rb
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```
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You can also run tests with [`m`](https://github.com/qrush/m):
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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```sh
bundle exec m test/test_binder.rb
```
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To run a single test:
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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```sh
bundle exec m test/test_binder.rb:37
```
tests: add `TEST_CASE_TIMEOUT` (#2765) Useful if you want quicker feedback when you know something fails instantly, example: rerun -x -c -- TEST_CASE_TIMEOUT=2 bundle e m test/test_integration_ssl.rb:126
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To run a single test with 5 seconds as the test case timeout:
```sh
TEST_CASE_TIMEOUT=5 bundle exec m test/test_binder.rb:37
```
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## How to contribute
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Puma could use your help in several areas!
**The [contrib-wanted] label indicates that an issue might approachable to first-time contributors.**\
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**Reproducing bug reports**: The [needs-repro] label indicates than an issue lacks reproduction steps. You can help by reproducing the issue and sharing the steps you took in the comments.
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**Helping with our native extensions**: If you are interested in writing C or Java, we could really use your help. Check out the issue labels for [c-ext] and [JRuby].
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**Fixing bugs**: Issues with the [bug] label have working reproduction steps, which you can use to write a test and submit a patch.
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**Writing features**: The [feature] label highlights requests for new functionality. Write tests and code up our new feature!
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**Code review**: Take a look at open pull requests and offer your feedback. Code review is not just for maintainers. We need your help and eyeballs!
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**Write documentation**: Puma needs more docs in many areas, especially where we have open issues with the [docs] label.
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[bug]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Abug
[c-ext]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Ac-ext
[contrib-wanted]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Acontrib-wanted
[docs]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Adocs
[feature]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Afeature
[jruby]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Ajruby
[needs-repro]: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aneeds-repro
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Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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## Reproduction steps
Reproducing a bug helps identify the root cause of that bug so it can be fixed.
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Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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To get started, create a rackup file and config file and then run your test app
with:
```sh
bundle exec puma -C <path/to/config.rb> <path/to/rackup.ru>
```
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For example, using a test rack app ([`test/rackup/hello.ru`][rackup]) and a
test config file ([`test/config/settings.rb`][config]):
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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```sh
bundle exec puma -C test/config/settings.rb test/rackup/hello.ru
```
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There is also a Dockerfile available for reproducing Linux-specific issues:
Add contribution guide [ci skip] (#2034) Closes #1880 As a recent first-time contributor to puma, there are some of the things that might have been helpful to have in one place as I worked on my first changes. I am also thinking about a resources section that links to the docs directory and to docs for libraries that might be unfamiliar to someone looking through puma for the first time (I didn't know much about TCPSocket, IO.pipe, nio4r, for example)
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```sh
docker build -f tools/docker/Dockerfile -t puma .
docker run -p 9292:9292 -it puma
```
[rackup]: https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/master/test/rackup/hello.ru
[config]: https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/master/test/config/settings.rb
## Pull requests
Code contributions should generally include test coverage. If you aren't sure how to
test your changes, please open a pull request and leave a comment asking for
help.
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There's no need to update the changelog ([`History.md`](History.md)); that is done [when a new release is made](Release.md).
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Puma uses [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) for CI testing. Please consider running the workflows in your fork before creating a PR. It is possible to enable GitHub Actions on your fork in the repositories' `Actions` tab.
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## Backports
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Puma does not have a backport "policy" - maintainers will not consistently backport bugfixes to previous minor or major versions (we do treat security differently, see [`SECURITY.md`](SECURITY.md).
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As a contributor, you may make pull requests against `-stable` branches to backport fixes, and maintainers will release them once they're merged. For example, if you'd like to make a backport for 4.3.x, you can make a pull request against `4-3-stable`. If there is no appropriate branch for the release you'd like to backport against, please just open an issue and we'll make one for you.
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## Join the community
If you're looking to contribute to Puma, please join us on Matrix at [#puma-contrib:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/!blREBEDhVeXTYdjTVT:matrix.org?via=matrix.org).
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## Bibliography/Reading
Puma can be a bit intimidating for your first contribution because there's a lot of concepts here that you've probably never had to think about before - Rack, sockets, forking, threads etc. Here are some helpful links for learning more about things related to Puma:
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* [Puma's Architecture docs](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/master/docs/architecture.md)
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* [The Rack specification](https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/master/SPEC.rdoc)
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* The Ruby docs for IO.pipe, TCPServer/Socket.
* [nio4r documentation](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/wiki/Getting-Started)
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