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+# systemd
+
+[systemd](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/) is a
+commonly available init system (PID 1) on many Linux distributions. It
+offers process monitoring (including automatic restarts) and other
+useful features for running Puma in production. Below is a sample
+puma.service configuration file for systemd:
+
+~~~~
+[Unit]
+Description=Puma HTTP Server
+After=network.target
+
+[Service]
+# Foreground process (do not use --daemon in ExecStart or config.rb)
+Type=simple
+
+# Preferably configure a non-privileged user
+# User=
+
+# Specify the path to your puma application root
+# WorkingDirectory=
+
+# Helpful for debugging socket activation, etc.
+# Environment=PUMA_DEBUG=1
+
+# The command to start Puma
+# Here we are using a binstub generated via:
+# `bundle binstubs puma --path ./sbin`
+# in the WorkingDirectory (replace <WD> below)
+# You can alternatively use `bundle exec --keep-file-descriptors puma`
+# ExecStart=<WD>/sbin/puma -b tcp://0.0.0.0:9292 -b ssl://0.0.0.0:9293?key=key.pem&cert=cert.pem
+
+# Alternatively with a config file (in WorkingDirectory) and
+# comparable `bind` directives
+# ExecStart=<WorkingDirectory>/sbin/puma -C config.rb
+
+Restart=always
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+~~~~
+
+See [systemd.exec](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html)
+for additional details.
+
+## Socket Activation
+
+systemd and puma also support socket activation, where systemd opens
+the listening socket(s) in advance and provides them to the puma master
+process on startup. Among other advantages, this keeps listening
+sockets open across puma restarts and achieves graceful restarts. To
+use socket activation, configure one or more `ListenStream`
+sockets in a companion `*.socket` systemd config file. Here is a sample
+puma.socket, matching the ports used in the above puma.service:
+
+~~~~
+[Unit]
+Description=Puma HTTP Server Accept Sockets
+
+[Socket]
+ListenStream=0.0.0.0:9292
+ListenStream=0.0.0.0:9293
+
+# AF_UNIX domain socket
+# SocketUser, SocketGroup, etc. may be needed for Unix domain sockets
+# ListenStream=/run/puma.sock
+
+# Socket options matching what Puma wants
+NoDelay=true
+ReusePort=true
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=sockets.target
+~~~~
+
+See [systemd.socket](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.socket.html)
+for additional details.