rails--rails/activesupport/test/multibyte_chars_test.rb

# encoding: utf-8
require 'abstract_unit'
require 'multibyte_test_helpers'

class String
  def __method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result; 1; end
  def __method_for_multibyte_testing; 'result'; end
  def __method_for_multibyte_testing!; 'result'; end
end

class MultibyteCharsTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
  include MultibyteTestHelpers

  def setup
    @proxy_class = ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars
    @chars = @proxy_class.new UNICODE_STRING
  end

  def test_wraps_the_original_string
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.to_s
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.wrapped_string
  end

  def test_should_allow_method_calls_to_string
    assert_nothing_raised do
      @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing
    end
    assert_raise NoMethodError do
      @chars.__unknown_method
    end
  end

  def test_forwarded_method_calls_should_return_new_chars_instance
    assert_kind_of @proxy_class, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing
    assert_not_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing.object_id
  end

  def test_forwarded_bang_method_calls_should_return_the_original_chars_instance
    assert_kind_of @proxy_class, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing!
    assert_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing!.object_id
  end

  def test_methods_are_forwarded_to_wrapped_string_for_byte_strings
    assert_equal BYTE_STRING.class, BYTE_STRING.mb_chars.class
  end

  def test_forwarded_method_with_non_string_result_should_be_returned_vertabim
    assert_equal ''.__method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result
  end

  def test_should_concatenate
    mb_a = 'a'.mb_chars
    mb_b = 'b'.mb_chars
    assert_equal 'ab', mb_a + 'b'
    assert_equal 'ab', 'a' + mb_b
    assert_equal 'ab', mb_a + mb_b

    assert_equal 'ab', mb_a << 'b'
    assert_equal 'ab', 'a' << mb_b
    assert_equal 'abb', mb_a << mb_b
  end

  def test_consumes_utf8_strings
    assert @proxy_class.consumes?(UNICODE_STRING)
    assert @proxy_class.consumes?(ASCII_STRING)
    assert !@proxy_class.consumes?(BYTE_STRING)
  end

  def test_unpack_utf8_strings
    assert_equal 4, ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Unicode.u_unpack(UNICODE_STRING).length
    assert_equal 5, ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Unicode.u_unpack(ASCII_STRING).length
  end

  def test_unpack_raises_encoding_error_on_broken_strings
    assert_raise(ActiveSupport::Multibyte::EncodingError) do
      ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Unicode.u_unpack(BYTE_STRING)
    end
  end

  def test_concatenation_should_return_a_proxy_class_instance
    assert_equal ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, ('a'.mb_chars + 'b').class
    assert_equal ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, ('a'.mb_chars << 'b').class
  end

  def test_ascii_strings_are_treated_at_utf8_strings
    assert_equal ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, ASCII_STRING.mb_chars.class
  end

  def test_concatenate_should_return_proxy_instance
    assert(('a'.mb_chars + 'b').kind_of?(@proxy_class))
    assert(('a'.mb_chars + 'b'.mb_chars).kind_of?(@proxy_class))
    assert(('a'.mb_chars << 'b').kind_of?(@proxy_class))
    assert(('a'.mb_chars << 'b'.mb_chars).kind_of?(@proxy_class))
  end

end

class MultibyteCharsUTF8BehaviourTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
  include MultibyteTestHelpers

  def setup
    @chars = UNICODE_STRING.dup.mb_chars

    if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9'
      # Multibyte support all kinds of whitespace (ie. NEWLINE, SPACE, EM SPACE)
      @whitespace = "\n\t#{[32, 8195].pack('U*')}"
    else
      # Ruby 1.9 only supports basic whitespace
      @whitespace = "\n\t "
    end

    @byte_order_mark = [65279].pack('U')
  end

  def test_split_should_return_an_array_of_chars_instances
    @chars.split(//).each do |character|
      assert_kind_of ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, character
    end
  end

  def test_indexed_insert_accepts_fixnums
    @chars[2] = 32
    assert_equal 'こに わ', @chars
  end

  %w{capitalize downcase lstrip reverse rstrip strip upcase}.each do |method|
    class_eval(<<-EOTESTS)
      def test_#{method}_bang_should_return_self
        assert_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.send("#{method}!").object_id
      end

      def test_#{method}_bang_should_change_wrapped_string
        original = ' él piDió Un bUen café '
        proxy = chars(original.dup)
        proxy.send("#{method}!")
        assert_not_equal original, proxy.to_s
      end
    EOTESTS
  end

  def test_tidy_bytes_bang_should_return_self
    assert_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.tidy_bytes!.object_id
  end

  def test_tidy_bytes_bang_should_change_wrapped_string
    original = " Un bUen café \x92"
    proxy = chars(original.dup)
    proxy.tidy_bytes!
    assert_not_equal original, proxy.to_s
  end

  if RUBY_VERSION >= '1.9'
    def test_unicode_string_should_have_utf8_encoding
      assert_equal Encoding::UTF_8, UNICODE_STRING.encoding
    end
  end

  def test_identity
    assert_equal @chars, @chars
    assert @chars.eql?(@chars)
    assert !@chars.eql?(UNICODE_STRING)
  end

  def test_string_methods_are_chainable
    assert chars('').insert(0, '').kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').rjust(1).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').ljust(1).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').center(1).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').rstrip.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').lstrip.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').strip.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').reverse.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars(' ').slice(0).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').limit(0).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').upcase.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').downcase.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').capitalize.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').normalize.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').decompose.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').compose.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
    assert chars('').tidy_bytes.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
  end

  def test_should_be_equal_to_the_wrapped_string
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars
    assert_equal @chars, UNICODE_STRING
  end

  def test_should_not_be_equal_to_an_other_string
    assert_not_equal @chars, 'other'
    assert_not_equal 'other', @chars
  end

  def test_sortability
    words = %w(builder armor zebra).sort_by { |s| s.mb_chars }
    assert_equal %w(armor builder zebra), words
  end

  def test_should_return_character_offset_for_regexp_matches
    assert_nil(@chars =~ /wrong/u)
    assert_equal 0, (@chars =~ /こ/u)
    assert_equal 0, (@chars =~ /こに/u)
    assert_equal 1, (@chars =~ /に/u)
    assert_equal 2, (@chars =~ /ち/u)
    assert_equal 3, (@chars =~ /わ/u)
  end

  def test_should_use_character_offsets_for_insert_offsets
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.insert(0, '')
    assert_equal 'こわにちわ', @chars.insert(1, 'わ')
    assert_equal 'こわわわにちわ', @chars.insert(2, 'わわ')
    assert_equal 'わこわわわにちわ', @chars.insert(0, 'わ')
    assert_equal 'わこわわわにちわ', @chars.wrapped_string
  end

  def test_insert_should_be_destructive
    @chars.insert(1, 'わ')
    assert_equal 'こわにちわ', @chars
  end

  def test_insert_throws_index_error
    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars.insert(-12, 'わ')}
    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars.insert(12, 'わ') }
  end

  def test_should_know_if_one_includes_the_other
    assert @chars.include?('')
    assert @chars.include?('ち')
    assert @chars.include?('わ')
    assert !@chars.include?('こちわ')
    assert !@chars.include?('a')
  end

  def test_include_raises_when_nil_is_passed
    @chars.include?(nil)
    flunk "Expected chars.include?(nil) to raise TypeError or NoMethodError"
  rescue Exception
  end

  def test_index_should_return_character_offset
    assert_nil @chars.index('u')
    assert_equal 0, @chars.index('こに')
    assert_equal 2, @chars.index('ち')
    assert_equal 2, @chars.index('ち', -2)
    assert_equal nil, @chars.index('ち', -1)
    assert_equal 3, @chars.index('わ')
    assert_equal 5, 'ééxééx'.mb_chars.index('x', 4)
  end

  def test_rindex_should_return_character_offset
    assert_nil @chars.rindex('u')
    assert_equal 1, @chars.rindex('に')
    assert_equal 2, @chars.rindex('ち', -2)
    assert_nil @chars.rindex('ち', -3)
    assert_equal 6, 'Café périferôl'.mb_chars.rindex('é')
    assert_equal 13, 'Café périferôl'.mb_chars.rindex(/\w/u)
  end

  def test_indexed_insert_should_take_character_offsets
    @chars[2] = 'a'
    assert_equal 'こにaわ', @chars
    @chars[2] = 'ηη'
    assert_equal 'こにηηわ', @chars
    @chars[3, 2] = 'λλλ'
    assert_equal 'こにηλλλ', @chars
    @chars[1, 0] = "λ"
    assert_equal 'こλにηλλλ', @chars
    @chars[4..6] = "ηη"
    assert_equal 'こλにηηη', @chars
    @chars[/ηη/] = "λλλ"
    assert_equal 'こλにλλλη', @chars
    @chars[/(λλ)(.)/, 2] = "α"
    assert_equal 'こλにλλαη', @chars
    @chars["α"] = "¢"
    assert_equal 'こλにλλ¢η', @chars
    @chars["λλ"] = "ααα"
    assert_equal 'こλにααα¢η', @chars
  end

  def test_indexed_insert_should_raise_on_index_overflow
    before = @chars.to_s
    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[10] = 'a' }
    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[10, 4] = 'a' }
    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[/ii/] = 'a' }
    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[/()/, 10] = 'a' }
    assert_equal before, @chars
  end

  def test_indexed_insert_should_raise_on_range_overflow
    before = @chars.to_s
    assert_raise(RangeError) { @chars[10..12] = 'a' }
    assert_equal before, @chars
  end

  def test_rjust_should_raise_argument_errors_on_bad_arguments
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.rjust(10, '') }
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.rjust }
  end

  def test_rjust_should_count_characters_instead_of_bytes
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.rjust(-3)
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.rjust(0)
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.rjust(4)
    assert_equal " #{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(5)
    assert_equal "   #{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7)
    assert_equal "---#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, '-')
    assert_equal "ααα#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, 'α')
    assert_equal "aba#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, 'ab')
    assert_equal "αηα#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, 'αη')
    assert_equal "αηαη#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(8, 'αη')
  end

  def test_ljust_should_raise_argument_errors_on_bad_arguments
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.ljust(10, '') }
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.ljust }
  end

  def test_ljust_should_count_characters_instead_of_bytes
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.ljust(-3)
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.ljust(0)
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.ljust(4)
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING} ", @chars.ljust(5)
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}   ", @chars.ljust(7)
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}---", @chars.ljust(7, '-')
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}ααα", @chars.ljust(7, 'α')
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}aba", @chars.ljust(7, 'ab')
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}αηα", @chars.ljust(7, 'αη')
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}αηαη", @chars.ljust(8, 'αη')
  end

  def test_center_should_raise_argument_errors_on_bad_arguments
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.center(10, '') }
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.center }
  end

  def test_center_should_count_characters_instead_of_bytes
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.center(-3)
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.center(0)
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.center(4)
    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING} ", @chars.center(5)
    assert_equal " #{UNICODE_STRING} ", @chars.center(6)
    assert_equal " #{UNICODE_STRING}  ", @chars.center(7)
    assert_equal "--#{UNICODE_STRING}--", @chars.center(8, '-')
    assert_equal "--#{UNICODE_STRING}---", @chars.center(9, '-')
    assert_equal "αα#{UNICODE_STRING}αα", @chars.center(8, 'α')
    assert_equal "αα#{UNICODE_STRING}ααα", @chars.center(9, 'α')
    assert_equal "a#{UNICODE_STRING}ab", @chars.center(7, 'ab')
    assert_equal "ab#{UNICODE_STRING}ab", @chars.center(8, 'ab')
    assert_equal "abab#{UNICODE_STRING}abab", @chars.center(12, 'ab')
    assert_equal "α#{UNICODE_STRING}αη", @chars.center(7, 'αη')
    assert_equal "αη#{UNICODE_STRING}αη", @chars.center(8, 'αη')
  end

  def test_lstrip_strips_whitespace_from_the_left_of_the_string
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING.mb_chars.lstrip
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING).mb_chars.lstrip
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.lstrip
  end

  def test_rstrip_strips_whitespace_from_the_right_of_the_string
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING.mb_chars.rstrip
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.rstrip
    assert_equal @whitespace + UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.rstrip
  end

  def test_strip_strips_whitespace
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING.mb_chars.strip
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING).mb_chars.strip
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.strip
    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.strip
  end

  def test_stripping_whitespace_leaves_whitespace_within_the_string_intact
    string_with_whitespace = UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace + UNICODE_STRING
    assert_equal string_with_whitespace, string_with_whitespace.mb_chars.strip
    assert_equal string_with_whitespace, string_with_whitespace.mb_chars.lstrip
    assert_equal string_with_whitespace, string_with_whitespace.mb_chars.rstrip
  end

  def test_size_returns_characters_instead_of_bytes
    assert_equal 0, ''.mb_chars.size
    assert_equal 4, @chars.size
    assert_equal 4, @chars.length
    assert_equal 5, ASCII_STRING.mb_chars.size
  end

  def test_reverse_reverses_characters
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.reverse
    assert_equal 'わちにこ', @chars.reverse
  end

  def test_reverse_should_work_with_normalized_strings
    str = 'bös'
    reversed_str = 'söb'
    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:kc), chars(str).normalize(:kc).reverse
    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:c), chars(str).normalize(:c).reverse
    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:d), chars(str).normalize(:d).reverse
    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:kd), chars(str).normalize(:kd).reverse
    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).decompose, chars(str).decompose.reverse
    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).compose, chars(str).compose.reverse
  end

  def test_slice_should_take_character_offsets
    assert_equal nil, ''.mb_chars.slice(0)
    assert_equal 'こ', @chars.slice(0)
    assert_equal 'わ', @chars.slice(3)
    assert_equal nil, ''.mb_chars.slice(-1..1)
    assert_equal nil, ''.mb_chars.slice(-1, 1)
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.slice(0..10)
    assert_equal 'にちわ', @chars.slice(1..3)
    assert_equal 'にちわ', @chars.slice(1, 3)
    assert_equal 'こ', @chars.slice(0, 1)
    assert_equal 'ちわ', @chars.slice(2..10)
    assert_equal '', @chars.slice(4..10)
    assert_equal 'に', @chars.slice(/に/u)
    assert_equal 'にち', @chars.slice(/に./u)
    assert_equal nil, @chars.slice(/unknown/u)
    assert_equal 'にち', @chars.slice(/(にち)/u, 1)
    assert_equal nil, @chars.slice(/(にち)/u, 2)
    assert_equal nil, @chars.slice(7..6)
  end

  def test_slice_bang_returns_sliced_out_substring
    assert_equal 'にち', @chars.slice!(1..2)
  end

  def test_slice_bang_removes_the_slice_from_the_receiver
    chars = 'úüù'.mb_chars
    chars.slice!(0,2)
    assert_equal 'úü', chars
  end

  def test_slice_should_throw_exceptions_on_invalid_arguments
    assert_raise(TypeError) { @chars.slice(2..3, 1) }
    assert_raise(TypeError) { @chars.slice(1, 2..3) }
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.slice(1, 1, 1) }
  end

  def test_ord_should_return_unicode_value_for_first_character
    assert_equal 12371, @chars.ord
  end

  def test_upcase_should_upcase_ascii_characters
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.upcase
    assert_equal 'ABC', 'aBc'.mb_chars.upcase
  end

  def test_downcase_should_downcase_ascii_characters
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.downcase
    assert_equal 'abc', 'aBc'.mb_chars.downcase
  end

  def test_capitalize_should_work_on_ascii_characters
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.capitalize
    assert_equal 'Abc', 'abc'.mb_chars.capitalize
  end

  def test_titleize_should_work_on_ascii_characters
    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.titleize
    assert_equal 'Abc Abc', 'abc abc'.mb_chars.titleize
  end

  def test_respond_to_knows_which_methods_the_proxy_responds_to
    assert ''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:slice) # Defined on Chars
    assert ''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:capitalize!) # Defined on Chars
    assert ''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:gsub) # Defined on String
    assert !''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:undefined_method) # Not defined
  end

  def test_acts_like_string
    assert 'Bambi'.mb_chars.acts_like_string?
  end
end

# The default Multibyte Chars proxy has more features than the normal string implementation. Tests
# for the implementation of these features should run on all Ruby versions and shouldn't be tested
# through the proxy methods.
class MultibyteCharsExtrasTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
  include MultibyteTestHelpers

  def test_upcase_should_be_unicode_aware
    assert_equal "АБВГД\0F", chars("аБвгд\0f").upcase
    assert_equal 'こにちわ', chars('こにちわ').upcase
  end

  def test_downcase_should_be_unicode_aware
    assert_equal "абвгд\0f", chars("аБвгд\0f").downcase
    assert_equal 'こにちわ', chars('こにちわ').downcase
  end

  def test_capitalize_should_be_unicode_aware
    { 'аБвг аБвг' => 'Абвг абвг',
      'аБвг АБВГ' => 'Абвг абвг',
      'АБВГ АБВГ' => 'Абвг абвг',
      '' => '' }.each do |f,t|
        assert_equal t, chars(f).capitalize
    end
  end

  def test_titleize_should_be_unicode_aware
    assert_equal "Él Que Se Enteró", chars("ÉL QUE SE ENTERÓ").titleize
    assert_equal "Абвг Абвг", chars("аБвг аБвг").titleize
  end

  def test_titleize_should_not_affect_characters_that_do_not_case_fold
    assert_equal "日本語", chars("日本語").titleize
  end

  def test_limit_should_not_break_on_blank_strings
    example = chars('')
    assert_equal example, example.limit(0)
    assert_equal example, example.limit(1)
  end

  def test_limit_should_work_on_a_multibyte_string
    example = chars(UNICODE_STRING)
    bytesize = UNICODE_STRING.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? UNICODE_STRING.bytesize : UNICODE_STRING.size

    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, example.limit(bytesize)
    assert_equal '', example.limit(0)
    assert_equal '', example.limit(1)
    assert_equal 'こ', example.limit(3)
    assert_equal 'こに', example.limit(6)
    assert_equal 'こに', example.limit(8)
    assert_equal 'こにち', example.limit(9)
    assert_equal 'こにちわ', example.limit(50)
  end

  def test_limit_should_work_on_an_ascii_string
    ascii = chars(ASCII_STRING)
    assert_equal ASCII_STRING, ascii.limit(ASCII_STRING.length)
    assert_equal '', ascii.limit(0)
    assert_equal 'o', ascii.limit(1)
    assert_equal 'oh', ascii.limit(2)
    assert_equal 'ohay', ascii.limit(4)
    assert_equal 'ohayo', ascii.limit(50)
  end

  def test_limit_should_keep_under_the_specified_byte_limit
    example = chars(UNICODE_STRING)
    (1..UNICODE_STRING.length).each do |limit|
      assert example.limit(limit).to_s.length <= limit
    end
  end

  def test_composition_exclusion_is_set_up_properly
    # Normalization of DEVANAGARI LETTER QA breaks when composition exclusion isn't used correctly
    qa = [0x915, 0x93c].pack('U*')
    assert_equal qa, chars(qa).normalize(:c)
  end

  # Test for the Public Review Issue #29, bad explanation of composition might lead to a
  # bad implementation: http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html
  def test_normalization_C_pri_29
    [
      [0x0B47, 0x0300, 0x0B3E],
      [0x1100, 0x0300, 0x1161]
    ].map { |c| c.pack('U*') }.each do |c|
      assert_equal_codepoints c, chars(c).normalize(:c)
    end
  end

  def test_normalization_shouldnt_strip_null_bytes
    null_byte_str = "Test\0test"

    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:kc)
    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:c)
    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:d)
    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:kd)
    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).decompose
    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).compose
  end

  def test_simple_normalization
    comp_str = [
      44,  # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
      307, # COMBINING DOT ABOVE
      328, # COMBINING OGONEK
      323 # COMBINING DOT BELOW
    ].pack("U*")

    assert_equal_codepoints '', chars('').normalize
    assert_equal_codepoints [44,105,106,328,323].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:kc).to_s
    assert_equal_codepoints [44,307,328,323].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:c).to_s
    assert_equal_codepoints [44,307,110,780,78,769].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:d).to_s
    assert_equal_codepoints [44,105,106,110,780,78,769].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:kd).to_s
  end

  def test_should_compute_grapheme_length
    [
      ['', 0],
      ['abc', 3],
      ['こにちわ', 4],
      [[0x0924, 0x094D, 0x0930].pack('U*'), 2],
      [%w(cr lf), 1],
      [%w(l l), 1],
      [%w(l v), 1],
      [%w(l lv), 1],
      [%w(l lvt), 1],
      [%w(lv v), 1],
      [%w(lv t), 1],
      [%w(v v), 1],
      [%w(v t), 1],
      [%w(lvt t), 1],
      [%w(t t), 1],
      [%w(n extend), 1],
      [%w(n n), 2],
      [%w(n cr lf n), 3],
      [%w(n l v t), 2]
    ].each do |input, expected_length|
      if input.kind_of?(Array)
        str = string_from_classes(input)
      else
        str = input
      end
      assert_equal expected_length, chars(str).g_length
    end
  end

  def test_tidy_bytes_should_tidy_bytes

    single_byte_cases = {
      "\x21" => "!",   # Valid ASCII byte, low
      "\x41" => "A",   # Valid ASCII byte, mid
      "\x7E" => "~",   # Valid ASCII byte, high
      "\x80" => "€",   # Continuation byte, low (cp125)
      "\x94" => "”",   # Continuation byte, mid (cp125)
      "\x9F" => "Ÿ",   # Continuation byte, high (cp125)
      "\xC0" => "À",   # Overlong encoding, start of 2-byte sequence, but codepoint < 128
      "\xC1" => "Á",   # Overlong encoding, start of 2-byte sequence, but codepoint < 128
      "\xC2" => "Â",   # Start of 2-byte sequence, low
      "\xC8" => "È",   # Start of 2-byte sequence, mid
      "\xDF" => "ß",   # Start of 2-byte sequence, high
      "\xE0" => "à",   # Start of 3-byte sequence, low
      "\xE8" => "è",   # Start of 3-byte sequence, mid
      "\xEF" => "ï",   # Start of 3-byte sequence, high
      "\xF0" => "ð",   # Start of 4-byte sequence
      "\xF1" => "ñ",   # Unused byte
      "\xFF" => "ÿ",   # Restricted byte
      "\x00" => "\x00" # null char
    }

    single_byte_cases.each do |bad, good|
      assert_equal good, chars(bad).tidy_bytes.to_s
      assert_equal "#{good}#{good}", chars("#{bad}#{bad}").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "#{good}#{good}#{good}", chars("#{bad}#{bad}#{bad}").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "#{good}a", chars("#{bad}a").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "#{good}á", chars("#{bad}á").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "a#{good}a", chars("a#{bad}a").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "á#{good}á", chars("á#{bad}á").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "a#{good}", chars("a#{bad}").tidy_bytes
      assert_equal "á#{good}", chars("á#{bad}").tidy_bytes
    end

    byte_string = "\270\236\010\210\245"
    tidy_string = [0xb8, 0x17e, 0x8, 0x2c6, 0xa5].pack('U*')
    assert_equal_codepoints tidy_string, chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes
    assert_nothing_raised { chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes.to_s.unpack('U*') }

    # UTF-8 leading byte followed by too few continuation bytes
    assert_equal_codepoints "\xc3\xb0\xc2\xa5\xc2\xa4\x21", chars("\xf0\xa5\xa4\x21").tidy_bytes
  end

  def test_tidy_bytes_should_forcibly_tidy_bytes_if_specified
    byte_string = "\xF0\xA5\xA4\xA4" # valid as both CP-1252 and UTF-8, but with different interpretations.
    assert_not_equal "𥤤", chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes
    # Forcible conversion to UTF-8
    assert_equal "𥤤", chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes(true)
  end


  private

  def string_from_classes(classes)
    # Characters from the character classes as described in UAX #29
    character_from_class = {
      :l => 0x1100, :v => 0x1160, :t => 0x11A8, :lv => 0xAC00, :lvt => 0xAC01, :cr => 0x000D, :lf => 0x000A,
      :extend => 0x094D, :n => 0x64
    }
    classes.collect do |k|
      character_from_class[k.intern]
    end.pack('U*')
  end
end

class MultibyteInternalsTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  include MultibyteTestHelpers

  test "Chars translates a character offset to a byte offset" do
    example = chars("Puisque c'était son erreur, il m'a aidé")
    [
      [0, 0],
      [3, 3],
      [12, 11],
      [14, 13],
      [41, 39]
    ].each do |byte_offset, character_offset|
      assert_equal character_offset, example.send(:translate_offset, byte_offset),
        "Expected byte offset #{byte_offset} to translate to #{character_offset}"
    end
  end
end