diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb
index 22768c9611..32e7afaee2 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb
@@ -103,6 +103,19 @@ module ActiveRecord
         )
       end
 
+      EXCEPTION_NEVER = { Exception => :never }.freeze # :nodoc:
+      EXCEPTION_IMMEDIATE = { Exception => :immediate }.freeze # :nodoc:
+      private_constant :EXCEPTION_NEVER, :EXCEPTION_IMMEDIATE
+      def with_instrumenter(instrumenter, &block) # :nodoc:
+        Thread.handle_interrupt(EXCEPTION_NEVER) do
+          previous_instrumenter = @instrumenter
+          @instrumenter = instrumenter
+          Thread.handle_interrupt(EXCEPTION_IMMEDIATE, &block)
+        ensure
+          @instrumenter = previous_instrumenter
+        end
+      end
+
       def check_if_write_query(sql) # :nodoc:
         if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
           raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/future_result.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/future_result.rb
index 77d5624be3..a45b100695 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/future_result.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/future_result.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       @pending = true
       @error = nil
       @result = nil
+      @instrumenter = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter
+      @event_buffer = nil
     end
 
     def schedule!(session)
@@ -41,7 +43,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
         return unless @mutex.try_lock
         begin
           if pending?
-            execute_query(connection, async: true)
+            @event_buffer = @instrumenter.buffer
+            connection.with_instrumenter(@event_buffer) do
+              execute_query(connection, async: true)
+            end
           end
         ensure
           @mutex.unlock
@@ -51,20 +56,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
     def result
       execute_or_wait
-      if @error
-        raise @error
-      elsif canceled?
+      @event_buffer&.flush
+
+      if canceled?
         raise Canceled
+      elsif @error
+        raise @error
       else
         @result
       end
     end
 
-    private
-      def pending?
-        @pending && (!@session || @session.active?)
-      end
+    def pending?
+      @pending && (!@session || @session.active?)
+    end
 
+    private
       def canceled?
         @session && !@session.active?
       end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation.rb
index a890af4519..547297a822 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation.rb
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       @predicate_builder = predicate_builder
       @delegate_to_klass = false
       @future_result = nil
+      @records = nil
     end
 
     def initialize_copy(other)
@@ -703,7 +704,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       @delegate_to_klass = false
       @to_sql = @arel = @loaded = @should_eager_load = nil
       @offsets = @take = nil
-      @records = [].freeze
+      @records = nil
       self
     end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/asynchronous_queries_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/asynchronous_queries_test.rb
index 0118c94ca5..8f9b068840 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/asynchronous_queries_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/asynchronous_queries_test.rb
@@ -83,6 +83,14 @@ module AsynchronousQueriesSharedTests
   ensure
     ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber) if subscriber
   end
+
+  private
+    def wait_for_future_result(result)
+      100.times do
+        break unless result.pending?
+        sleep 0.01
+      end
+    end
 end
 
 class AsynchronousQueriesTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
@@ -98,14 +106,10 @@ class AsynchronousQueriesTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     ActiveRecord::Base.asynchronous_queries_tracker.start_session
     status = {}
 
-    monitor = Monitor.new
-    condition = monitor.new_cond
-
     subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
       if event.payload[:sql] == "SELECT * FROM posts"
         status[:executed] = true
         status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-        monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
       end
     end
 
@@ -115,11 +119,9 @@ class AsynchronousQueriesTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::Result, future_result
     else
       assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::FutureResult, future_result
+      wait_for_future_result(future_result)
     end
 
-    monitor.synchronize do
-      condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-    end
     assert_kind_of ActiveRecord::Result, future_result.result
     assert_equal @connection.supports_concurrent_connections?, status[:async]
   ensure
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/relation/load_async_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/relation/load_async_test.rb
index bacde8c4ab..d3e6f2e5ca 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/relation/load_async_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/relation/load_async_test.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,25 @@ require "models/comment"
 require "models/other_dog"
 
 module ActiveRecord
+  module WaitForAsyncTestHelper
+    private
+      def wait_for_async_query(relation, timeout: 5)
+        if !relation.connection.async_enabled? || relation.instance_variable_get(:@records)
+          return relation
+        end
+
+        future_result = relation.instance_variable_get(:@future_result)
+        (timeout * 100).times do
+          return relation unless future_result.pending?
+          sleep 0.01
+        end
+        raise Timeout::Error, "The async executor wasn't drained after #{timeout} seconds"
+      end
+  end
+
   class LoadAsyncTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+    include WaitForAsyncTestHelper
+
     self.use_transactional_tests = false
 
     fixtures :posts, :comments
@@ -34,27 +52,42 @@ module ActiveRecord
       assert_not_predicate defered_posts, :scheduled?
     end
 
-    def test_simple_query
+    def test_notification_forwarding
       expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).to_a
 
       status = {}
-      monitor = Monitor.new
-      condition = monitor.new_cond
 
       subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
         if event.payload[:name] == "Post Load"
           status[:executed] = true
           status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-          monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
+          status[:thread_id] = Thread.current.object_id
         end
       end
 
-      defered_posts = Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async
+      defered_posts = wait_for_async_query(Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async)
 
-      monitor.synchronize do
-        condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
+      assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
+      assert_equal Post.connection.supports_concurrent_connections?, status[:async]
+      assert_equal Thread.current.object_id, status[:thread_id]
+    ensure
+      ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber) if subscriber
+    end
+
+    def test_simple_query
+      expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).to_a
+
+      status = {}
+
+      subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
+        if event.payload[:name] == "Post Load"
+          status[:executed] = true
+          status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
+        end
       end
 
+      defered_posts = wait_for_async_query(Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async)
+
       assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
       assert_equal Post.connection.supports_concurrent_connections?, status[:async]
     ensure
@@ -83,18 +116,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
       expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).to_a
 
       status = {}
-      monitor = Monitor.new
-      condition = monitor.new_cond
 
       subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
         if event.payload[:name] == "SQL"
           status[:executed] = true
           status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-          monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
         end
       end
 
-      defered_posts = Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).load_async
+      defered_posts = wait_for_async_query(Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).load_async)
 
       if in_memory_db?
         assert_not_predicate defered_posts, :scheduled?
@@ -102,10 +132,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         assert_predicate defered_posts, :scheduled?
       end
 
-      monitor.synchronize do
-        condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-      end
-
       assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
       assert_queries(0) do
         defered_posts.each(&:comments)
@@ -181,23 +207,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
         expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).to_a
 
         status = {}
-        monitor = Monitor.new
-        condition = monitor.new_cond
 
         subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
           if event.payload[:name] == "Post Load"
             status[:executed] = true
             status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-            monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
           end
         end
 
         defered_posts = Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async
 
-        monitor.synchronize do
-          condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-        end
-
         assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
         assert_not_equal Post.connection.supports_concurrent_connections?, status[:async]
       ensure
@@ -222,14 +241,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).to_a
 
         status = {}
-        monitor = Monitor.new
-        condition = monitor.new_cond
 
         subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
           if event.payload[:name] == "SQL"
             status[:executed] = true
             status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-            monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
           end
         end
 
@@ -237,10 +253,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         assert_not_predicate defered_posts, :scheduled?
 
-        monitor.synchronize do
-          condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-        end
-
         assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
         assert_queries(0) do
           defered_posts.each(&:comments)
@@ -283,6 +295,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     class LoadAsyncMultiThreadPoolExecutorTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+      include WaitForAsyncTestHelper
+
       self.use_transactional_tests = false
 
       fixtures :posts, :comments
@@ -329,22 +343,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).to_a
 
         status = {}
-        monitor = Monitor.new
-        condition = monitor.new_cond
-
         subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
           if event.payload[:name] == "Post Load"
             status[:executed] = true
             status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-            monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
           end
         end
 
-        defered_posts = Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async
-
-        monitor.synchronize do
-          condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-        end
+        defered_posts = wait_for_async_query(Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async)
 
         assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
         assert_equal Post.connection.supports_concurrent_connections?, status[:async]
@@ -370,25 +376,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
         expected_records = Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).to_a
 
         status = {}
-        monitor = Monitor.new
-        condition = monitor.new_cond
-
         subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
           if event.payload[:name] == "SQL"
             status[:executed] = true
             status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-            monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
           end
         end
 
-        defered_posts = Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).load_async
+        defered_posts = wait_for_async_query(Post.where(author_id: 1).eager_load(:comments).load_async)
 
         assert_predicate defered_posts, :scheduled?
 
-        monitor.synchronize do
-          condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-        end
-
         assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
         assert_queries(0) do
           defered_posts.each(&:comments)
@@ -429,6 +427,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     class LoadAsyncMixedThreadPoolExecutorTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
+      include WaitForAsyncTestHelper
+
       self.use_transactional_tests = false
 
       fixtures :posts, :comments, :other_dogs
@@ -476,30 +476,24 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
         status = {}
         dog_status = {}
-        monitor = Monitor.new
-        condition = monitor.new_cond
 
         subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |event|
           if event.payload[:name] == "Post Load"
             status[:executed] = true
             status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-            monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
           end
 
           if event.payload[:name] == "OtherDog Load"
             dog_status[:executed] = true
             dog_status[:async] = event.payload[:async]
-            monitor.synchronize { condition.signal }
           end
         end
 
         defered_posts = Post.where(author_id: 1).load_async
         defered_dogs = OtherDog.where(id: 1).load_async
 
-        monitor.synchronize do
-          condition.wait_until { status[:executed] }
-          condition.wait_until { dog_status[:executed] }
-        end
+        wait_for_async_query(defered_posts)
+        wait_for_async_query(defered_dogs)
 
         assert_equal expected_records, defered_posts.to_a
         assert_equal expected_dogs, defered_dogs.to_a
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb
index 5bdeb9fb43..3000dde797 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb
@@ -198,6 +198,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
         notifier.publish(name, *args)
       end
 
+      def publish_event(event) # :nodoc;
+        notifier.publish_event(event)
+      end
+
       def instrument(name, payload = {})
         if notifier.listening?(name)
           instrumenter.instrument(name, payload) { yield payload if block_given? }
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb
index 56c2bd2aa2..24e7ca6471 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb
@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
         listeners_for(name).each { |s| s.publish(name, *args) }
       end
 
+      def publish_event(event)
+        listeners_for(event.name).each { |s| s.publish_event(event) }
+      end
+
       def listeners_for(name)
         # this is correctly done double-checked locking (Concurrent::Map's lookups have volatile semantics)
         @listeners_for[name] || synchronize do
@@ -144,6 +148,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
             @pattern = Matcher.wrap(pattern)
             @delegate = delegate
             @can_publish = delegate.respond_to?(:publish)
+            @can_publish_event = delegate.respond_to?(:publish_event)
           end
 
           def publish(name, *args)
@@ -152,6 +157,14 @@ module ActiveSupport
             end
           end
 
+          def publish_event(event)
+            if @can_publish_event
+              @delegate.publish_event event
+            else
+              publish(event.name, event.time, event.end, event.transaction_id, event.payload)
+            end
+          end
+
           def start(name, id, payload)
             @delegate.start name, id, payload
           end
@@ -223,6 +236,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
             @delegate.call event
           end
 
+          def publish_event(event)
+            @delegate.call event
+          end
+
           private
             def build_event(name, id, payload)
               ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new name, nil, nil, id, payload
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb
index e1a9fe349c..834f6cb1d0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,26 @@ module ActiveSupport
   module Notifications
     # Instrumenters are stored in a thread local.
     class Instrumenter
+      class Buffer # :nodoc:
+        def initialize(instrumenter)
+          @instrumenter = instrumenter
+          @events = []
+        end
+
+        def instrument(name, payload = {}, &block)
+          event = @instrumenter.new_event(name, payload)
+          @events << event
+          event.record(&block)
+        end
+
+        def flush
+          events, @events = @events, []
+          events.each do |event|
+            ActiveSupport::Notifications.publish_event(event)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
       attr_reader :id
 
       def initialize(notifier)
@@ -31,6 +51,14 @@ module ActiveSupport
         end
       end
 
+      def new_event(name, payload = {}) # :nodoc:
+        Event.new(name, nil, nil, @id, payload)
+      end
+
+      def buffer # :nodoc:
+        Buffer.new(self)
+      end
+
       # Send a start notification with +name+ and +payload+.
       def start(name, payload)
         @notifier.start name, @id, payload
@@ -68,6 +96,19 @@ module ActiveSupport
         @allocation_count_finish = 0
       end
 
+      def record
+        start!
+        begin
+          yield payload if block_given?
+        rescue Exception => e
+          payload[:exception] = [e.class.name, e.message]
+          payload[:exception_object] = e
+          raise e
+        ensure
+          finish!
+        end
+      end
+
       # Record information at the time this event starts
       def start!
         @time = now
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb
index 24f8681af8..991c5d8d30 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb
@@ -150,6 +150,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       send(method, event)
     end
 
+    def publish_event(event) # :nodoc:
+      method = event.name.split(".").first
+      send(method, event)
+    end
+
     private
       def event_stack
         SubscriberQueueRegistry.instance.get_queue(@queue_key)
diff --git a/activesupport/test/notifications/instrumenter_test.rb b/activesupport/test/notifications/instrumenter_test.rb
index 1d10dc7f2d..47f708a438 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/notifications/instrumenter_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/notifications/instrumenter_test.rb
@@ -61,6 +61,47 @@ module ActiveSupport
         assert_equal [["foo", instrumenter.id, payload]], notifier.finishes
         assert_empty notifier.starts
       end
+
+      def test_record
+        called = false
+        event = instrumenter.new_event("foo", payload)
+        event.record {
+          called = true
+        }
+
+        assert called
+      end
+
+      def test_record_yields_the_payload_for_further_modification
+        event = instrumenter.new_event("awesome")
+        event.record { |p| p[:result] = 1 + 1 }
+        assert_equal 2, event.payload[:result]
+
+        assert_equal "awesome", event.name
+        assert_equal Hash[result: 2], event.payload
+        assert_equal instrumenter.id, event.transaction_id
+        assert_not_nil event.time
+        assert_not_nil event.end
+      end
+
+      def test_record_works_without_a_block
+        event = instrumenter.new_event("no.block", payload)
+        event.record
+
+        assert_equal "no.block", event.name
+        assert_equal payload, event.payload
+        assert_equal instrumenter.id, event.transaction_id
+        assert_not_nil event.time
+        assert_not_nil event.end
+      end
+
+      def test_record_with_exception
+        event = instrumenter.new_event("crash", payload)
+        assert_raises RuntimeError do
+          event.record { raise "Oopsies" }
+        end
+        assert_equal "Oopsies", event.payload[:exception_object].message
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/subscriber_test.rb b/activesupport/test/subscriber_test.rb
index e01b6976d9..b374241738 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/subscriber_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/subscriber_test.rb
@@ -115,4 +115,16 @@ class SubscriberTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
     assert_equal [], TestSubscriber.events
   end
+
+  def test_supports_publish_event
+    TestSubscriber.attach_to :doodle
+
+    original_event = ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new("open_party.doodle", Time.at(0), Time.at(10), "id", { foo: "bar" })
+
+    ActiveSupport::Notifications.publish_event(original_event)
+
+    assert_equal original_event, TestSubscriber.events.first
+  ensure
+    TestSubscriber.detach_from :doodle
+  end
 end