All of queries should return correct result even if including large number

Currently several queries cannot return correct result due to incorrect
`RangeError` handling.

First example:

```ruby
assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: [1, 9223372036854775808]).exists?
assert_equal true, Topic.where.not(id: 9223372036854775808).exists?
```

The first example is obviously to be true, but currently it returns
false.

Second example:

```ruby
assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: 1..9223372036854775808).find(1)
```

The second example also should return the object, but currently it
raises `RecordNotFound`.

It can be seen from the examples, the queries including large number
assuming empty result is not always correct.

Therefore, This change handles `RangeError` to generate executable SQL
instead of raising `RangeError` to users to always return correct
result. By this change, it is no longer raised `RangeError` to users.

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb

@@ -79,17 +79,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   Post.find_by "published_at < ?", 2.weeks.ago
     def find_by(arg, *args)
       where(arg, *args).take
-    rescue ::RangeError
-      nil
     end
 
     # Like #find_by, except that if no record is found, raises
     # an ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound error.
     def find_by!(arg, *args)
       where(arg, *args).take!
-    rescue ::RangeError
-      raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with an out of range value",
-                               @klass.name, @klass.primary_key)
     end
 
     # Gives a record (or N records if a parameter is supplied) without any implied
@@ -322,8 +317,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
       relation = construct_relation_for_exists(conditions)
 
       skip_query_cache_if_necessary { connection.select_value(relation.arel, "#{name} Exists") } ? true : false
-    rescue ::RangeError
-      false
     end
 
     # This method is called whenever no records are found with either a single
@@ -434,9 +427,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         else
           find_some(ids)
         end
-      rescue ::RangeError
-        error_message = "Couldn't find #{model_name} with an out of range ID"
-        raise RecordNotFound.new(error_message, model_name, primary_key, ids)
       end
 
       def find_one(id)

activerecord/lib/arel/predications.rb

@@ -35,15 +35,17 @@ module Arel # :nodoc: all
     end
 
     def between(other)
-      if infinity?(other.begin)
-        if other.end.nil? || infinity?(other.end)
+      if unboundable?(other.begin) == 1 || unboundable?(other.end) == -1
+        self.in([])
+      elsif open_ended?(other.begin)
+        if other.end.nil? || open_ended?(other.end)
           not_in([])
         elsif other.exclude_end?
           lt(other.end)
         else
           lteq(other.end)
         end
-      elsif other.end.nil? || infinity?(other.end)
+      elsif other.end.nil? || open_ended?(other.end)
         gteq(other.begin)
       elsif other.exclude_end?
         gteq(other.begin).and(lt(other.end))
@@ -81,15 +83,17 @@ Passing a range to `#in` is deprecated. Call `#between`, instead.
     end
 
     def not_between(other)
-      if infinity?(other.begin)
-        if other.end.nil? || infinity?(other.end)
+      if unboundable?(other.begin) == 1 || unboundable?(other.end) == -1
+        not_in([])
+      elsif open_ended?(other.begin)
+        if other.end.nil? || open_ended?(other.end)
           self.in([])
         elsif other.exclude_end?
           gteq(other.end)
         else
           gt(other.end)
         end
-      elsif other.end.nil? || infinity?(other.end)
+      elsif other.end.nil? || open_ended?(other.end)
         lt(other.begin)
       else
         left = lt(other.begin)
@@ -241,5 +245,13 @@ Passing a range to `#not_in` is deprecated. Call `#not_between`, instead.
       def infinity?(value)
         value.respond_to?(:infinite?) && value.infinite?
       end
+
+      def unboundable?(value)
+        value.respond_to?(:unboundable?) && value.unboundable?
+      end
+
+      def open_ended?(value)
+        infinity?(value) || unboundable?(value)
+      end
   end
 end

activerecord/lib/arel/visitors/to_sql.rb

@@ -629,6 +629,8 @@ module Arel # :nodoc: all
         def visit_Arel_Nodes_Equality(o, collector)
           right = o.right
 
+          return collector << "1=0" if unboundable?(right)
+
           collector = visit o.left, collector
 
           if right.nil?
@@ -662,6 +664,8 @@ module Arel # :nodoc: all
         def visit_Arel_Nodes_NotEqual(o, collector)
           right = o.right
 
+          return collector << "1=1" if unboundable?(right)
+
           collector = visit o.left, collector
 
           if right.nil?

activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb

@@ -838,13 +838,13 @@ class CalculationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   def test_pick_one
     assert_equal "The First Topic", Topic.order(:id).pick(:heading)
     assert_nil Topic.none.pick(:heading)
-    assert_nil Topic.where("1=0").pick(:heading)
+    assert_nil Topic.where(id: 9999999999999999999).pick(:heading)
   end
 
   def test_pick_two
     assert_equal ["David", "david@loudthinking.com"], Topic.order(:id).pick(:author_name, :author_email_address)
     assert_nil Topic.none.pick(:author_name, :author_email_address)
-    assert_nil Topic.where("1=0").pick(:author_name, :author_email_address)
+    assert_nil Topic.where(id: 9999999999999999999).pick(:author_name, :author_email_address)
   end
 
   def test_pick_delegate_to_all

activerecord/test/cases/finder_test.rb

@@ -282,6 +282,17 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal true, Topic.order(Arel.sql("invalid sql here")).exists?
   end
 
+  def test_exists_with_large_number
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: [1, 9223372036854775808]).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: 1..9223372036854775808).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: -9223372036854775809..9223372036854775808).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.where(id: 9223372036854775808..9223372036854775809).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.where(id: -9223372036854775810..-9223372036854775809).exists?
+    assert_equal false, Topic.where(id: 9223372036854775808..1).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where(id: 1).or(Topic.where(id: 9223372036854775808)).exists?
+    assert_equal true, Topic.where.not(id: 9223372036854775808).exists?
+  end
+
   def test_exists_with_joins
     assert_equal true, Topic.joins(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
   end
@@ -383,16 +394,19 @@ class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
       Topic.where("1=1").find(9999999999999999999999999999999)
     end
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: [1, 9999999999999999999999999999999]).find(1)
   end
 
   def test_find_by_on_relation_with_large_number
     assert_nil Topic.where("1=1").find_by(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: [1, 9999999999999999999999999999999]).find_by(id: 1)
   end
 
   def test_find_by_bang_on_relation_with_large_number
     assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
       Topic.where("1=1").find_by!(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
     end
+    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where(id: [1, 9999999999999999999999999999999]).find_by!(id: 1)
   end
 
   def test_find_an_empty_array

activerecord/test/cases/relation/or_test.rb

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       assert_equal expected, Post.where("id = 1").or(Post.none).to_a
     end
 
+    def test_or_with_large_number
+      expected = Post.where("id = 1 or id = 9223372036854775808").to_a
+      assert_equal expected, Post.where(id: 1).or(Post.where(id: 9223372036854775808)).to_a
+    end
+
     def test_or_with_bind_params
       assert_equal Post.find([1, 2]).sort_by(&:id), Post.where(id: 1).or(Post.where(id: 2)).sort_by(&:id)
     end

activerecord/test/cases/relation/where_test.rb

@@ -359,6 +359,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
       assert_equal author, Author.where(params.permit!).first
     end
 
+    def test_where_with_large_number
+      assert_equal [authors(:bob)], Author.where(id: [3, 9223372036854775808])
+      assert_equal [authors(:bob)], Author.where(id: 3..9223372036854775808)
+    end
+
+    def test_to_sql_with_large_number
+      assert_equal [authors(:bob)], Author.find_by_sql(Author.where(id: [3, 9223372036854775808]).to_sql)
+      assert_equal [authors(:bob)], Author.find_by_sql(Author.where(id: 3..9223372036854775808).to_sql)
+    end
+
     def test_where_with_unsupported_arguments
       assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Author.where(42) }
     end