Fix unintended autosave on has_one through association

Fixes #35680

The problem occurred, when a `has one through` association contains
a foreign key (it belongs to the intermediate association).

For example, Comment belongs to Post, Post belongs to Author, and Author
`has_one :first_comment, through: :first_post`.

In this case, the value of the foreign key is comparing with the original
record, and since they are likely different, the association is marked
as changed. So it updates every time when the origin record updates.

activerecord/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb

@@ -457,10 +457,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # If the record is new or it has changed, returns true.
       def record_changed?(reflection, record, key)
         record.new_record? ||
-          (record.has_attribute?(reflection.foreign_key) && record[reflection.foreign_key] != key) ||
+          association_foreign_key_changed?(reflection, record, key) ||
           record.will_save_change_to_attribute?(reflection.foreign_key)
       end
 
+      def association_foreign_key_changed?(reflection, record, key)
+        return false if reflection.through_reflection?
+
+        record.has_attribute?(reflection.foreign_key) && record[reflection.foreign_key] != key
+      end
+
       # Saves the associated record if it's new or <tt>:autosave</tt> is enabled.
       #
       # In addition, it will destroy the association if it was marked for destruction.

activerecord/test/cases/autosave_association_test.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "cases/helper"
+require "models/author"
 require "models/bird"
 require "models/post"
 require "models/comment"
@@ -1319,21 +1320,45 @@ end
 class TestAutosaveAssociationOnAHasOneThroughAssociation < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   self.use_transactional_tests = false unless supports_savepoints?
 
-  def setup
-    super
+  def create_member_with_organization
     organization = Organization.create
-    @member = Member.create
-    MemberDetail.create(organization: organization, member: @member)
+    member = Member.create
+    MemberDetail.create(organization: organization, member: member)
+
+    member
   end
 
   def test_should_not_has_one_through_model
-    class << @member.organization
+    member = create_member_with_organization
+
+    class << member.organization
       def save(*args)
         super
         raise "Oh noes!"
       end
     end
-    assert_nothing_raised { @member.save }
+    assert_nothing_raised { member.save }
+  end
+
+  def create_author_with_post_with_comment
+    Author.create! name: "David" # make comment_id not match author_id
+    author = Author.create! name: "Sergiy"
+    post = Post.create! author: author, title: "foo", body: "bar"
+    Comment.create! post: post, body: "cool comment"
+
+    author
+  end
+
+  def test_should_not_reversed_has_one_through_model
+    author = create_author_with_post_with_comment
+
+    class << author.comment_on_first_post
+      def save(*args)
+        super
+        raise "Oh noes!"
+      end
+    end
+    assert_nothing_raised { author.save }
   end
 end