diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb
index 4c23d2f8e2..b1ae2fbe78 100755
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
       # Both calls delete the affected posts all at once with a single DELETE statement. If you need to destroy dependent
       # associations or call your <tt>before_*</tt> or +after_destroy+ callbacks, use the +destroy_all+ method instead.
       def delete_all(conditions = nil)
-        Arel(table_name).where(construct_conditions(conditions, scope(:find))).delete
+        arel_table.where(construct_conditions(conditions, scope(:find))).delete
       end
 
       # Returns the result of an SQL statement that should only include a COUNT(*) in the SELECT part.
@@ -2647,8 +2647,7 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
       # be made (since they can't be persisted).
       def destroy
         unless new_record?
-          table = Arel(self.class.table_name)
-          table.where(table[self.class.primary_key].eq(quoted_id)).delete
+          arel_table.where(arel_table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id)).delete
         end
 
         freeze
@@ -2943,7 +2942,7 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
       def update(attribute_names = @attributes.keys)
         attributes_with_values = arel_attributes_values(false, false, attribute_names)
         return 0 if attributes_with_values.empty?
-        table.where(table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id)).update(attributes_with_values)
+        arel_table.where(arel_table[self.class.primary_key].eq(id)).update(attributes_with_values)
       end
 
       # Creates a record with values matching those of the instance attributes
@@ -3053,7 +3052,7 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
         include_readonly_attributes ? quoted : remove_readonly_attributes(quoted)
       end
 
-      def table
+      def arel_table
         @arel_table ||= Arel(self.class.table_name)
       end
 
@@ -3065,7 +3064,7 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
             value = read_attribute(name)
 
             if include_readonly_attributes || (!include_readonly_attributes && !self.class.readonly_attributes.include?(name))
-              attrs[table[name]] = value
+              attrs[arel_table[name]] = value
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb
index 9dbfcdf175..6bd2163dc2 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   Person.sum("2 * age")
       def calculate(operation, column_name, options = {})
         validate_calculation_options(operation, options)
+        operation = operation.to_s.downcase
 
         scope = scope(:find)
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           joins << join_dependency.join_associations.collect{|join| join.association_join }.join
         end
 
-        if operation == :count
+        if operation == "count"
           if merged_includes.any?
             distinct = true
             column_name = options[:select] || primary_key
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       def execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, options) #:nodoc:
         table = options[:from] || table_name
-        value = if operation == :count
+        value = if operation == 'count'
           if column_name == :all && options[:select].blank?
             column_name = "*"
           elsif !options[:select].blank?
@@ -187,17 +188,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
         options[:group] = connection.adapter_name == 'FrontBase' ?  group_alias : group_field
 
         aggregate_alias = column_alias_for(operation, column_name)
-        if operation == :count && column_name == :all
+
+        if operation == 'count' && column_name == :all
           options[:select] = "COUNT(*) AS count_all, #{group_field} AS #{group_alias}"
         else
-          arel_column = Arel::Attribute.new(Arel(table_name), column_name).send(operation)
+          arel_column = Arel::Attribute.new(arel_table, column_name).send(operation)
           options[:select] = "#{arel_column.as(aggregate_alias).to_sql}, #{group_field} AS #{group_alias}"
         end
 
-
-        sql = construct_finder_arel(options)
-
-        calculated_data = connection.select_all(sql.to_sql)
+        calculated_data = connection.select_all(construct_finder_sql(options))
 
         if association
           key_ids     = calculated_data.collect { |row| row[group_alias] }
@@ -275,7 +274,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
 
         def type_cast_calculated_value(value, column, operation = nil)
-          operation = operation.to_s.downcase
           case operation
             when 'count' then value.to_i
             when 'sum'   then type_cast_using_column(value || '0', column)
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb
index f66458cc8c..a4f5dd8516 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
           attribute_names.uniq!
 
           begin
-            affected_rows = table.where(
-              table[self.class.primary_key].eq(quoted_id).and(
-                table[self.class.locking_column].eq(quote_value(previous_value))
+            affected_rows = arel_table.where(
+              arel_table[self.class.primary_key].eq(quoted_id).and(
+                arel_table[self.class.locking_column].eq(quote_value(previous_value))
               )
             ).update(arel_attributes_values(false, false, attribute_names))
 
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       lock_col = self.class.locking_column
       previous_value = send(lock_col).to_i
 
-      affected_rows = table.where(
-          table[self.class.primary_key].eq(quoted_id).and(
-          table[self.class.locking_column].eq(quote_value(previous_value))
+      affected_rows = arel_table.where(
+          arel_table[self.class.primary_key].eq(quoted_id).and(
+          arel_table[self.class.locking_column].eq(quote_value(previous_value))
         )
       ).delete