diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/minimal.rb b/actionpack/examples/minimal.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a9015da053..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/minimal.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-# Pass NEW=1 to run with the new Base
-ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'production'
-ENV['NO_RELOAD'] ||= '1'
-
-$LOAD_PATH.unshift "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../lib"
-$LOAD_PATH.unshift "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../../activesupport/lib"
-require 'action_controller'
-require 'action_controller/new_base' if ENV['NEW']
-require 'action_view'
-require 'benchmark'
-
-class Runner
-  def initialize(app, output)
-    @app, @output = app, output
-  end
-
-  def puts(*)
-    super if @output
-  end
-
-  def call(env)
-    env['n'].to_i.times { @app.call(env) }
-    @app.call(env).tap { |response| report(env, response) }
-  end
-
-  def report(env, response)
-    return unless ENV["DEBUG"]
-    out = env['rack.errors']
-    out.puts response[0], response[1].to_yaml, '---'
-    response[2].each { |part| out.puts part }
-    out.puts '---'
-  end
-
-  def self.puts(*)
-    super if @output
-  end
-
-  def self.run(app, n, label, output = true)
-    @output = output
-    puts label, '=' * label.size if label
-    env = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/").merge('n' => n, 'rack.input' => StringIO.new(''), 'rack.errors' => $stdout)
-    t = Benchmark.realtime { new(app, output).call(env) }
-    puts "%d ms / %d req = %.1f usec/req" % [10**3 * t, n, 10**6 * t / n]
-    puts
-  end
-end
-
-
-N = (ENV['N'] || 1000).to_i
-
-module ActionController::Rails2Compatibility
-  instance_methods.each do |name|
-    remove_method name
-  end
-end
-
-class BasePostController < ActionController::Base
-  append_view_path "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/views"
-
-  def overhead
-    self.response_body = ''
-  end
-
-  def index
-    render :text => ''
-  end
-
-  def partial
-    render :partial => "/partial"
-  end
-
-  def many_partials
-    render :partial => "/many_partials"
-  end
-
-  def partial_collection
-    render :partial => "/collection", :collection => [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
-  end
-
-  def show_template
-    render :template => "template"
-  end
-end
-
-OK = [200, {}, []]
-MetalPostController = lambda { OK }
-
-class HttpPostController < ActionController::Metal
-  def index
-    self.response_body = ''
-  end
-end
-
-unless ENV["PROFILE"]
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:overhead), N, 'overhead', false)
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:index), N, 'index', false)
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:partial), N, 'partial', false)
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:many_partials), N, 'many_partials', false)
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:partial_collection), N, 'collection', false)
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:show_template), N, 'template', false)
-
-  (ENV["M"] || 1).to_i.times do
-    Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:overhead), N, 'overhead')
-    Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:index), N, 'index')
-    Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:partial), N, 'partial')
-    Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:many_partials), N, 'many_partials')
-    Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:partial_collection), N, 'collection')
-    Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:show_template), N, 'template')
-  end
-else
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:many_partials), N, 'many_partials')
-  require "ruby-prof"
-  RubyProf.start
-  Runner.run(BasePostController.action(:many_partials), N, 'many_partials')
-  result = RubyProf.stop
-  printer = RubyProf::CallStackPrinter.new(result)
-  printer.print(File.open("output.html", "w"))
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/very_simple.rb b/actionpack/examples/very_simple.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6714185172..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/very_simple.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-$:.push "rails/activesupport/lib"
-$:.push "rails/actionpack/lib"
-
-require "action_controller"
-
-class Kaigi < ActionController::Metal
-  include AbstractController::Callbacks
-  include ActionController::RackConvenience
-  include ActionController::RenderingController
-  include ActionController::Layouts
-  include ActionView::Context
-  
-  before_filter :set_name
-  append_view_path "views"
-  
-  def view_context
-    self
-  end
-  
-  def controller
-    self
-  end
-
-  DEFAULT_LAYOUT = Object.new.tap {|l| def l.render(*) yield end }
-  
-  def render_template(template, layout = DEFAULT_LAYOUT, options = {}, partial = false)
-    ret = template.render(self, {})
-    layout.render(self, {}) { ret }
-  end
-  
-  def index
-    render :template => "template"
-  end
-  
-  def alt
-    render :template => "template", :layout => "alt"
-  end
-  
-  private
-  def set_name
-    @name = params[:name]
-  end
-end
-
-app = Rack::Builder.new do
-  map("/kaigi") {  run Kaigi.action(:index) }
-  map("/kaigi/alt") { run Kaigi.action(:alt) }
-end.to_app
-
-Rack::Handler::Mongrel.run app, :Port => 3000
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/_collection.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/_collection.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index bcfe958e2c..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/_collection.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<%= collection %>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/_hello.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/_hello.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ab2f8a432..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/_hello.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/_many_partials.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/_many_partials.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e379d46f5..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/_many_partials.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
-<%= render :partial => '/hello' %>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/_partial.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/_partial.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ca8e80b52..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/_partial.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
-<%= "Hello" %>
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/layouts/alt.html.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/layouts/alt.html.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index c4816337a6..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/layouts/alt.html.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-+ <%= yield %> +
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/layouts/kaigi.html.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/layouts/kaigi.html.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 274607a96a..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/layouts/kaigi.html.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Hello <%= yield %> Goodbye
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/examples/views/template.html.erb b/actionpack/examples/views/template.html.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ab2f8a432..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/examples/views/template.html.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb
index 0063d54149..ac2154dffc 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb
@@ -6,13 +6,51 @@ module AbstractController
 
     included do
       extlib_inheritable_accessor(:_layout_conditions) { Hash.new }
+      extlib_inheritable_accessor(:_action_has_layout) { Hash.new }
       _write_layout_method
     end
 
     module ClassMethods
       def inherited(klass)
         super
-        klass._write_layout_method
+        klass.class_eval do
+          _write_layout_method
+          @found_layouts = {}
+        end
+      end
+
+      def cache_layout(details)
+        layout = @found_layouts
+        values = details.values_at(:formats, :locale)
+
+        # Cache nil
+        if layout.key?(values)
+          return layout[values]
+        else
+          layout[values] = yield
+        end
+      end
+
+      # This module is mixed in if layout conditions are provided. This means
+      # that if no layout conditions are used, this method is not used
+      module LayoutConditions
+        # Determines whether the current action has a layout by checking the
+        # action name against the :only and :except conditions set on the
+        # layout.
+        #
+        # ==== Returns
+        # Boolean:: True if the action has a layout, false otherwise.
+        def _action_has_layout?
+          conditions = _layout_conditions
+
+          if only = conditions[:only]
+            only.include?(action_name)
+          elsif except = conditions[:except]
+            !except.include?(action_name)
+          else
+            true
+          end
+        end
       end
 
       # Specify the layout to use for this class.
@@ -31,6 +69,8 @@ module AbstractController
       # :only<#to_s, Array[#to_s]>:: A list of actions to apply this layout to.
       # :except<#to_s, Array[#to_s]>:: Apply this layout to all actions but this one
       def layout(layout, conditions = {})
+        include LayoutConditions unless conditions.empty?
+
         conditions.each {|k, v| conditions[k] = Array(v).map {|a| a.to_s} }
         self._layout_conditions = conditions
 
@@ -76,10 +116,12 @@ module AbstractController
         when nil
           self.class_eval <<-ruby_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
             def _layout(details)
-              if view_paths.exists?("#{_implied_layout_name}", details, "layouts")
-                "#{_implied_layout_name}"
-              else
-                super
+              self.class.cache_layout(details) do
+                if view_paths.exists?("#{_implied_layout_name}", details, "layouts")
+                  "#{_implied_layout_name}"
+                else
+                  super
+                end
               end
             end
           ruby_eval
@@ -136,7 +178,7 @@ module AbstractController
       view_paths.find(name, details, prefix)
     end
 
-    # Returns the default layout for this controller and a given set of details. 
+    # Returns the default layout for this controller and a given set of details.
     # Optionally raises an exception if the layout could not be found.
     #
     # ==== Parameters
@@ -162,21 +204,8 @@ module AbstractController
       end
     end
 
-    # Determines whether the current action has a layout by checking the
-    # action name against the :only and :except conditions set on the
-    # layout.
-    #
-    # ==== Returns
-    # Boolean:: True if the action has a layout, false otherwise.
     def _action_has_layout?
-      conditions = _layout_conditions
-      if only = conditions[:only]
-        only.include?(action_name)
-      elsif except = conditions[:except]
-        !except.include?(action_name)
-      else
-        true
-      end
+      true
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb
index f94d1c669c..5b0165f0e7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ module ActionController
       cattr_accessor :relative_url_root
       self.relative_url_root = ENV['RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT']
 
-      cattr_accessor :default_charset
-      self.default_charset = "utf-8"
+      class << self
+        delegate :default_charset=, :to => "ActionDispatch::Response"
+      end
 
       # cattr_reader :protected_instance_variables
       cattr_accessor :protected_instance_variables
@@ -101,11 +102,10 @@ module ActionController
         options[:template].sub!(/^\//, '')
       end
 
-      options[:text] = nil if options[:nothing] == true
+      options[:text] = nil if options.delete(:nothing) == true
+      options[:text] = " " if options.key?(:text) && options[:text].nil?
 
-      body = super
-      body = [' '] if body.blank?
-      body
+      super || " "
     end
 
     def _handle_method_missing
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/hide_actions.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/hide_actions.rb
index af68c772b1..cdacdc40a6 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/hide_actions.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/hide_actions.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ module ActionController
     # Overrides AbstractController::Base#action_method? to return false if the
     # action name is in the list of hidden actions.
     def action_method?(action_name)
-      !hidden_actions.include?(action_name) && super
+      self.class.visible_action?(action_name) do
+        !hidden_actions.include?(action_name) && super
+      end
     end
 
     module ClassMethods
@@ -25,6 +27,16 @@ module ActionController
         hidden_actions.merge(args.map! {|a| a.to_s })
       end
 
+      def inherited(klass)
+        klass.instance_variable_set("@visible_actions", {})
+        super
+      end
+
+      def visible_action?(action_name)
+        return @visible_actions[action_name] if @visible_actions.key?(action_name)
+        @visible_actions[action_name] = yield
+      end
+
       # Overrides AbstractController::Base#action_methods to remove any methods
       # that are listed as hidden methods.
       def action_methods
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb
index 57318e8747..4761763a26 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb
@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       def send_data(data, options = {}) #:doc:
         logger.info "Sending data #{options[:filename]}" if logger
         send_file_headers! options.merge(:length => data.bytesize)
-        @performed_render = false
         render :status => options[:status], :text => data
       end
 
@@ -175,6 +174,8 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
           'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => 'binary'
         )
 
+        response.sending_file = true
+
         # Fix a problem with IE 6.0 on opening downloaded files:
         # If Cache-Control: no-cache is set (which Rails does by default),
         # IE removes the file it just downloaded from its cache immediately
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/url_for.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/url_for.rb
index 7119c14cd3..14c6523045 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/url_for.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/url_for.rb
@@ -4,15 +4,6 @@ module ActionController
 
     include RackConvenience
 
-    def process_action(*)
-      initialize_current_url
-      super
-    end
-
-    def initialize_current_url
-      @url = UrlRewriter.new(request, params.clone)
-    end
-
     # Overwrite to implement a number of default options that all url_for-based methods will use. The default options should come in
     # the form of a hash, just like the one you would use for url_for directly. Example:
     #
@@ -40,6 +31,7 @@ module ActionController
         when String
           options
         when Hash
+          @url ||= UrlRewriter.new(request, params)
           @url.rewrite(rewrite_options(options))
         else
           polymorphic_url(options)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb
index d32d5562e8..09b1a59254 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
   class TestResponse < ActionDispatch::TestResponse
     def recycle!
       @status = 200
-      @header = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new
+      @header = {}
       @writer = lambda { |x| @body << x }
       @block = nil
       @length = 0
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb
index a11755b517..b66a4c15ff 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb
@@ -179,7 +179,6 @@ module ActionController
       if @controller
         @controller.request = @request
         @controller.params = {}
-        @controller.send(:initialize_current_url)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
index 4190fa21cd..b23306af62 100755
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
@@ -173,19 +173,15 @@ module ActionDispatch
         end
     end
 
-    # Expand raw_formats by converting Mime::ALL to the Mime::SET.
-    #
     def formats
       if ActionController::Base.use_accept_header
-        raw_formats.tap do |ret|
-          if ret == ONLY_ALL
-            ret.replace Mime::SET
-          elsif all = ret.index(Mime::ALL)
-            ret.delete_at(all) && ret.insert(all, *Mime::SET)
-          end
+        if param = parameters[:format]
+          Array.wrap(Mime[param])
+        else
+          accepts.dup
         end
       else
-        raw_formats + Mime::SET
+        [format]
       end
     end
 
@@ -487,7 +483,7 @@ EOM
     # matches the order array.
     #
     def negotiate_mime(order)
-      raw_formats.each do |priority|
+      formats.each do |priority|
         if priority == Mime::ALL
           return order.first
         elsif order.include?(priority)
@@ -500,18 +496,6 @@ EOM
 
     private
 
-      def raw_formats
-        if ActionController::Base.use_accept_header
-          if param = parameters[:format]
-            Array.wrap(Mime[param])
-          else
-            accepts.dup
-          end
-        else
-          [format]
-        end
-      end
-
       def named_host?(host)
         !(host.nil? || /\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/.match(host))
       end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
index 03d1780b77..055f29a972 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
@@ -32,18 +32,35 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
   #    end
   #  end
   class Response < Rack::Response
-    attr_accessor :request
+    attr_accessor :request, :blank
     attr_reader :cache_control
 
-    attr_writer :header
+    attr_writer :header, :sending_file
     alias_method :headers=, :header=
 
-    delegate :default_charset, :to => 'ActionController::Base'
-
     def initialize
-      super
+      @status = 200
+      @header = {}
       @cache_control = {}
-      @header = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new
+
+      @writer = lambda { |x| @body << x }
+      @block = nil
+      @length = 0
+
+      @body, @cookie = [], []
+      @sending_file = false
+
+      yield self if block_given?
+    end
+
+    def cache_control
+      @cache_control ||= {}
+    end
+
+    def write(str)
+      s = str.to_s
+      @writer.call s
+      str
     end
 
     def status=(status)
@@ -71,7 +88,10 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
       str
     end
 
+    EMPTY = " "
+
     def body=(body)
+      @blank = true if body == EMPTY
       @body = body.respond_to?(:to_str) ? [body] : body
     end
 
@@ -113,41 +133,39 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
     end
 
     def etag
-      headers['ETag']
+      @etag
     end
 
     def etag?
-      headers.include?('ETag')
+      @etag
     end
 
     def etag=(etag)
-      if etag.blank?
-        headers.delete('ETag')
-      else
-        headers['ETag'] = %("#{Digest::MD5.hexdigest(ActiveSupport::Cache.expand_cache_key(etag))}")
-      end
+      key = ActiveSupport::Cache.expand_cache_key(etag)
+      @etag = %("#{Digest::MD5.hexdigest(key)}")
     end
 
-    def sending_file?
-      headers["Content-Transfer-Encoding"] == "binary"
-    end
+    CONTENT_TYPE    = "Content-Type"
+
+    cattr_accessor(:default_charset) { "utf-8" }
 
     def assign_default_content_type_and_charset!
-      return if !headers["Content-Type"].blank?
+      return if headers[CONTENT_TYPE].present?
 
       @content_type ||= Mime::HTML
-      @charset      ||= default_charset
+      @charset      ||= self.class.default_charset
 
       type = @content_type.to_s.dup
-      type << "; charset=#{@charset}" unless sending_file?
+      type << "; charset=#{@charset}" unless @sending_file
 
-      headers["Content-Type"] = type
+      headers[CONTENT_TYPE] = type
     end
 
     def prepare!
       assign_default_content_type_and_charset!
       handle_conditional_get!
-      self["Set-Cookie"] ||= ""
+      self["Set-Cookie"] = @cookie.join("\n")
+      self["ETag"]       = @etag if @etag
     end
 
     def each(&callback)
@@ -168,23 +186,12 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
       str
     end
 
-    def set_cookie(key, value)
-      if value.has_key?(:http_only)
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
-          "The :http_only option in ActionController::Response#set_cookie " +
-          "has been renamed. Please use :httponly instead.", caller)
-        value[:httponly] ||= value.delete(:http_only)
-      end
-
-      super(key, value)
-    end
-
     # Returns the response cookies, converted to a Hash of (name => value) pairs
     #
     #   assert_equal 'AuthorOfNewPage', r.cookies['author']
     def cookies
       cookies = {}
-      if header = headers['Set-Cookie']
+      if header = @cookie
         header = header.split("\n") if header.respond_to?(:to_str)
         header.each do |cookie|
           if pair = cookie.split(';').first
@@ -196,12 +203,43 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
       cookies
     end
 
+    def set_cookie(key, value)
+      case value
+      when Hash
+        domain  = "; domain="  + value[:domain]    if value[:domain]
+        path    = "; path="    + value[:path]      if value[:path]
+        # According to RFC 2109, we need dashes here.
+        # N.B.: cgi.rb uses spaces...
+        expires = "; expires=" + value[:expires].clone.gmtime.
+          strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT")    if value[:expires]
+        secure = "; secure"  if value[:secure]
+        httponly = "; HttpOnly" if value[:httponly]
+        value = value[:value]
+      end
+      value = [value]  unless Array === value
+      cookie = Rack::Utils.escape(key) + "=" +
+        value.map { |v| Rack::Utils.escape v }.join("&") +
+        "#{domain}#{path}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}"
+
+      @cookie << cookie
+    end
+
+    def delete_cookie(key, value={})
+      @cookie.reject! { |cookie|
+        cookie =~ /\A#{Rack::Utils.escape(key)}=/
+      }
+
+      set_cookie(key,
+                 {:value => '', :path => nil, :domain => nil,
+                   :expires => Time.at(0) }.merge(value))
+    end
+
     private
       def handle_conditional_get!
-        if etag? || last_modified? || !cache_control.empty?
+        if etag? || last_modified? || !@cache_control.empty?
           set_conditional_cache_control!
         elsif nonempty_ok_response?
-          self.etag = body
+          self.etag = @body
 
           if request && request.etag_matches?(etag)
             self.status = 304
@@ -215,29 +253,33 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
       end
 
       def nonempty_ok_response?
-        ok = !@status || @status == 200
-        ok && string_body?
+        @status == 200 && string_body?
       end
 
       def string_body?
-        !body_parts.respond_to?(:call) && body_parts.any? && body_parts.all? { |part| part.is_a?(String) }
+        !@blank && @body.respond_to?(:all?) && @body.all? { |part| part.is_a?(String) }
       end
 
+      DEFAULT_CACHE_CONTROL = "max-age=0, private, must-revalidate"
+
       def set_conditional_cache_control!
-        if cache_control.empty?
-          cache_control.merge!(:public => false, :max_age => 0, :must_revalidate => true)
+        control = @cache_control
+
+        if control.empty?
+          headers["Cache-Control"] = DEFAULT_CACHE_CONTROL
+        else
+          extras  = control[:extras]
+          max_age = control[:max_age]
+
+          options = []
+          options << "max-age=#{max_age}" if max_age
+          options << (control[:public] ? "public" : "private")
+          options << "must-revalidate" if control[:must_revalidate]
+          options.concat(extras) if extras
+
+          headers["Cache-Control"] = options.join(", ")
         end
 
-        public_cache, max_age, must_revalidate, extras =
-          cache_control.values_at(:public, :max_age, :must_revalidate, :extras)
-
-        options = []
-        options << "max-age=#{max_age}" if max_age
-        options << (public_cache ? "public" : "private")
-        options << "must-revalidate" if must_revalidate
-        options.concat(extras) if extras
-
-        headers["Cache-Control"] = options.join(", ")
       end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb
index 64f08c447d..83175ab4cf 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ module ActionView
       def initialize(view_context, options, block)
         partial = options[:partial]
 
+        @memo           = {}
         @view           = view_context
         @options        = options
         @locals         = options[:locals] || {}
@@ -207,9 +208,7 @@ module ActionView
       end
 
       def render_collection
-        # Even if no template is rendered, this will ensure that the MIME type
-        # for the empty response is the same as the provided template
-        @options[:_template] = default_template = find_template
+        @options[:_template] = template = find_template
 
         return nil if collection.blank?
 
@@ -217,15 +216,46 @@ module ActionView
           spacer = find_template(@options[:spacer_template]).render(@view, @locals)
         end
 
-        segments = []
+        result = template ? collection_with_template(template) : collection_without_template
+        result.join(spacer)
+      end
 
-        collection.each_with_index do |object, index|
-          template = default_template || find_template(partial_path(object))
-          @locals[template.counter_name] = index
-          segments << render_template(template, object)
+      def collection_with_template(template)
+        options = @options
+
+        segments, locals, as = [], @locals, options[:as] || :object
+
+        variable_name = template.variable_name
+        counter_name  = template.counter_name
+        locals[counter_name] = -1
+
+        collection.each do |object|
+          locals[counter_name] += 1
+          locals[variable_name] = object
+          locals[as] = object if as
+
+          segments << template.render(@view, locals)
+        end
+        segments
+      end
+
+      def collection_without_template
+        options = @options
+
+        segments, locals, as = [], @locals, options[:as] || :object
+        index, template = -1, nil
+
+        collection.each do |object|
+          template = find_template(partial_path(object))
+          locals[template.counter_name] = (index += 1)
+          locals[template.variable_name] = object
+          locals[as] = object if as
+
+          segments << template.render(@view, locals)
         end
 
-        segments.join(spacer)
+        @options[:_template] = template
+        segments
       end
 
       def render_template(template, object = @object)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb
index ebfc6cc8ce..10f664736f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb
@@ -41,8 +41,10 @@ module ActionView
     end
 
     def handler_glob
-      e = TemplateHandlers.extensions.map{|h| ".#{h},"}.join
-      "{#{e}}"
+      @handler_glob ||= begin
+        e = TemplateHandlers.extensions.map{|h| ".#{h},"}.join
+        "{#{e}}"
+      end
     end
     
     def formats_glob
@@ -60,6 +62,10 @@ module ActionView
 
   class FileSystemResolver < Resolver
 
+    def self.cached_glob
+      @@cached_glob ||= {}
+    end
+
     def initialize(path, options = {})
       raise ArgumentError, "path already is a Resolver class" if path.is_a?(Resolver)
       super(options)
@@ -105,20 +111,22 @@ module ActionView
 
     # :api: plugin
     def details_to_glob(name, details, prefix, partial, root)
-      path = ""
-      path << "#{prefix}/" unless prefix.empty?
-      path << (partial ? "_#{name}" : name)
+      self.class.cached_glob[[name, prefix, partial, details, root]] ||= begin
+        path = ""
+        path << "#{prefix}/" unless prefix.empty?
+        path << (partial ? "_#{name}" : name)
 
-      extensions = ""
-      [:locales, :formats].each do |k|
-        extensions << if exts = details[k]
-          '{' + exts.map {|e| ".#{e},"}.join + '}'
-        else
-          k == :formats ? formats_glob : ''
+        extensions = ""
+        [:locales, :formats].each do |k|
+          extensions << if exts = details[k]
+            '{' + exts.map {|e| ".#{e},"}.join + '}'
+          else
+            k == :formats ? formats_glob : ''
+          end
         end
-      end
       
-      "#{root}#{path}#{extensions}#{handler_glob}"
+        "#{root}#{path}#{extensions}#{handler_glob}"
+      end
     end
 
     # TODO: fix me
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb
index e51744d095..c2ccd1d3a5 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb
@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ module ActionView
     end
 
     attr_internal :rendered
-    alias_method :_render_template_without_template_tracking, :_render_single_template
-    def _render_single_template(template, local_assigns, &block)
-      if template.respond_to?(:identifier) && template.present?
-        @_rendered[:partials][template] += 1 if template.partial?
-        @_rendered[:template] ||= []
-        @_rendered[:template] << template
-      end
-      _render_template_without_template_tracking(template, local_assigns, &block)
+  end
+
+  class Template
+    alias_method :render_without_tracking, :render
+    def render(view, locals, &blk)
+      rendered = view.rendered
+      rendered[:partials][self] += 1 if partial?
+      rendered[:template] ||= []
+      rendered[:template] << self
+      render_without_tracking(view, locals, &blk)
     end
   end
 
@@ -68,9 +70,8 @@ module ActionView
       def initialize
         @request = ActionController::TestRequest.new
         @response = ActionController::TestResponse.new
-        
+
         @params = {}
-        send(:initialize_current_url)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/caching_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/caching_test.rb
index 346fa09414..f1c93e6b1e 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/caching_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/caching_test.rb
@@ -536,7 +536,6 @@ class FragmentCachingTest < ActionController::TestCase
     @controller.params = @params
     @controller.request = @request
     @controller.response = @response
-    @controller.send(:initialize_current_url)
     @controller.send(:initialize_template_class, @response)
     @controller.send(:assign_shortcuts, @request, @response)
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb b/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb
index f3500fca34..b626063df4 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class RequestTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
       request = stub_request 'CONTENT_TYPE' => 'application/xml; charset=UTF-8'
       request.expects(:parameters).at_least_once.returns({})
-      assert_equal with_set(Mime::XML, Mime::HTML), request.formats
+      assert_equal with_set(Mime::XML, Mime::HTML, Mime::ALL), request.formats
     end
 
     with_accept_header false do
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ protected
   end
 
   def with_set(*args)
-    args + Mime::SET
+    args
   end
 
   def with_accept_header(value)
diff --git a/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/_customer_with_var.erb b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/_customer_with_var.erb
index 3379246b7e..c28824936b 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/_customer_with_var.erb
+++ b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/_customer_with_var.erb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<%= customer.name %> <%= object.name %> <%= customer_with_var.name %>
\ No newline at end of file
+<%= customer.name %> <%= customer.name %> <%= customer_with_var.name %>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/activemodel/CHANGELOG b/activemodel/CHANGELOG
index 142038cc87..26500568ee 100644
--- a/activemodel/CHANGELOG
+++ b/activemodel/CHANGELOG
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 *Edge*
 
+* Add validates_format_of :without => /regexp/ option. #430 [Elliot Winkler, Peer Allan]
+
+  Example :
+
+      validates_format_of :subdomain, :without => /www|admin|mail/
+
 * Introduce validates_with to encapsulate attribute validations in a class.  #2630 [Jeff Dean]
 
 * Extracted from Active Record and Active Resource.
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model.rb
index 9bb4cf8b54..b24a929ff5 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ module ActiveModel
   autoload :AttributeMethods, 'active_model/attribute_methods'
   autoload :Conversion, 'active_model/conversion'
   autoload :DeprecatedErrorMethods, 'active_model/deprecated_error_methods'
+  autoload :Dirty, 'active_model/dirty'
   autoload :Errors, 'active_model/errors'
   autoload :Name, 'active_model/naming'
   autoload :Naming, 'active_model/naming'
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb
index de80559036..1091ad3095 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb
@@ -133,18 +133,31 @@ module ActiveModel
         undefine_attribute_methods
       end
 
+      def alias_attribute(new_name, old_name)
+        attribute_method_matchers.each do |matcher|
+          module_eval <<-STR, __FILE__, __LINE__+1
+            def #{matcher.method_name(new_name)}(*args)
+              send(:#{matcher.method_name(old_name)}, *args)
+            end
+          STR
+        end
+      end
+
       def define_attribute_methods(attr_names)
         return if attribute_methods_generated?
-        attr_names.each do |name|
-          attribute_method_matchers.each do |method|
-            method_name = "#{method.prefix}#{name}#{method.suffix}"
-            unless instance_method_already_implemented?(method_name)
-              generate_method = "define_method_#{method.prefix}attribute#{method.suffix}"
+        attr_names.each do |attr_name|
+          attribute_method_matchers.each do |matcher|
+            unless instance_method_already_implemented?(matcher.method_name(attr_name))
+              generate_method = "define_method_#{matcher.prefix}attribute#{matcher.suffix}"
 
               if respond_to?(generate_method)
-                send(generate_method, name)
+                send(generate_method, attr_name)
               else
-                generated_attribute_methods.module_eval("def #{method_name}(*args); send(:#{method.prefix}attribute#{method.suffix}, '#{name}', *args); end", __FILE__, __LINE__)
+                generated_attribute_methods.module_eval <<-STR, __FILE__, __LINE__+1
+                  def #{matcher.method_name(attr_name)}(*args)
+                    send(:#{matcher.method_missing_target}, '#{attr_name}', *args)
+                  end
+                STR
               end
             end
           end
@@ -180,7 +193,7 @@ module ActiveModel
         class AttributeMethodMatcher
           attr_reader :prefix, :suffix
 
-          AttributeMethodMatch = Struct.new(:prefix, :base, :suffix)
+          AttributeMethodMatch = Struct.new(:target, :attr_name)
 
           def initialize(options = {})
             options.symbolize_keys!
@@ -190,11 +203,19 @@ module ActiveModel
 
           def match(method_name)
             if matchdata = @regex.match(method_name)
-              AttributeMethodMatch.new(matchdata[1], matchdata[2], matchdata[3])
+              AttributeMethodMatch.new(method_missing_target, matchdata[2])
             else
               nil
             end
           end
+
+          def method_name(attr_name)
+            "#{prefix}#{attr_name}#{suffix}"
+          end
+
+          def method_missing_target
+            :"#{prefix}attribute#{suffix}"
+          end
         end
 
         def attribute_method_matchers #:nodoc:
@@ -214,7 +235,7 @@ module ActiveModel
       method_name = method_id.to_s
       if match = match_attribute_method?(method_name)
         guard_private_attribute_method!(method_name, args)
-        return __send__("#{match.prefix}attribute#{match.suffix}", match.base, *args, &block)
+        return __send__(match.target, match.attr_name, *args, &block)
       end
       super
     end
@@ -246,7 +267,7 @@ module ActiveModel
       # The struct's attributes are prefix, base and suffix.
       def match_attribute_method?(method_name)
         self.class.send(:attribute_method_matchers).each do |method|
-          if (match = method.match(method_name)) && attribute_method?(match.base)
+          if (match = method.match(method_name)) && attribute_method?(match.attr_name)
             return match
           end
         end
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/dirty.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/dirty.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..624c3647ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/dirty.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+module ActiveModel
+  # Track unsaved attribute changes.
+  #
+  # A newly instantiated object is unchanged:
+  #   person = Person.find_by_name('Uncle Bob')
+  #   person.changed?       # => false
+  #
+  # Change the name:
+  #   person.name = 'Bob'
+  #   person.changed?       # => true
+  #   person.name_changed?  # => true
+  #   person.name_was       # => 'Uncle Bob'
+  #   person.name_change    # => ['Uncle Bob', 'Bob']
+  #   person.name = 'Bill'
+  #   person.name_change    # => ['Uncle Bob', 'Bill']
+  #
+  # Save the changes:
+  #   person.save
+  #   person.changed?       # => false
+  #   person.name_changed?  # => false
+  #
+  # Assigning the same value leaves the attribute unchanged:
+  #   person.name = 'Bill'
+  #   person.name_changed?  # => false
+  #   person.name_change    # => nil
+  #
+  # Which attributes have changed?
+  #   person.name = 'Bob'
+  #   person.changed        # => ['name']
+  #   person.changes        # => { 'name' => ['Bill', 'Bob'] }
+  #
+  # Resetting an attribute returns it to its original state:
+  #   person.reset_name!    # => 'Bill'
+  #   person.changed?       # => false
+  #   person.name_changed?  # => false
+  #   person.name           # => 'Bill'
+  #
+  # Before modifying an attribute in-place:
+  #   person.name_will_change!
+  #   person.name << 'y'
+  #   person.name_change    # => ['Bill', 'Billy']
+  module Dirty
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+    include ActiveModel::AttributeMethods
+
+    included do
+      attribute_method_suffix '_changed?', '_change', '_will_change!', '_was'
+      attribute_method_affix :prefix => 'reset_', :suffix => '!'
+    end
+
+    # Do any attributes have unsaved changes?
+    #   person.changed? # => false
+    #   person.name = 'bob'
+    #   person.changed? # => true
+    def changed?
+      !changed_attributes.empty?
+    end
+
+    # List of attributes with unsaved changes.
+    #   person.changed # => []
+    #   person.name = 'bob'
+    #   person.changed # => ['name']
+    def changed
+      changed_attributes.keys
+    end
+
+    # Map of changed attrs => [original value, new value].
+    #   person.changes # => {}
+    #   person.name = 'bob'
+    #   person.changes # => { 'name' => ['bill', 'bob'] }
+    def changes
+      changed.inject({}) { |h, attr| h[attr] = attribute_change(attr); h }
+    end
+
+    private
+      # Map of change <tt>attr => original value</tt>.
+      def changed_attributes
+        @changed_attributes ||= {}
+      end
+
+      # Handle <tt>*_changed?</tt> for +method_missing+.
+      def attribute_changed?(attr)
+        changed_attributes.include?(attr)
+      end
+
+      # Handle <tt>*_change</tt> for +method_missing+.
+      def attribute_change(attr)
+        [changed_attributes[attr], __send__(attr)] if attribute_changed?(attr)
+      end
+
+      # Handle <tt>*_was</tt> for +method_missing+.
+      def attribute_was(attr)
+        attribute_changed?(attr) ? changed_attributes[attr] : __send__(attr)
+      end
+
+      # Handle <tt>*_will_change!</tt> for +method_missing+.
+      def attribute_will_change!(attr)
+        begin
+          value = __send__(attr)
+          value = value.duplicable? ? value.clone : value
+        rescue TypeError, NoMethodError
+        end
+
+        changed_attributes[attr] = value
+      end
+
+      # Handle <tt>reset_*!</tt> for +method_missing+.
+      def reset_attribute!(attr)
+        __send__("#{attr}=", changed_attributes[attr]) if attribute_changed?(attr)
+      end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/validations/format.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/validations/format.rb
index 6f3b668bf0..c670dafc7c 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model/validations/format.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/validations/format.rb
@@ -1,22 +1,30 @@
 module ActiveModel
   module Validations
     module ClassMethods
-      # Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form by matching it against the regular expression
-      # provided.
+      # Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form, going by the regular expression provided.
+      # You can require that the attribute matches the regular expression:
       #
       #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
       #     validates_format_of :email, :with => /\A([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})\Z/i, :on => :create
       #   end
       #
+      # Alternatively, you can require that the specified attribute does _not_ match the regular expression:
+      #
+      #   class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     validates_format_of :email, :without => /NOSPAM/
+      #   end
+      #
       # Note: use <tt>\A</tt> and <tt>\Z</tt> to match the start and end of the string, <tt>^</tt> and <tt>$</tt> match the start/end of a line.
       #
-      # A regular expression must be provided or else an exception will be raised.
+      # You must pass either <tt>:with</tt> or <tt>:without</tt> as an option. In addition, both must be a regular expression,
+      # or else an exception will be raised.
       #
       # Configuration options:
       # * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is invalid").
       # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+).
       # * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is blank (default is +false+).
-      # * <tt>:with</tt> - The regular expression used to validate the format with (note: must be supplied!).
+      # * <tt>:with</tt> - Regular expression that if the attribute matches will result in a successful validation.
+      # * <tt>:without</tt> - Regular expression that if the attribute does not match will result in a successful validation.
       # * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
       # * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
       #   occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>).  The
@@ -25,14 +33,27 @@ module ActiveModel
       #   not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>).  The
       #   method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
       def validates_format_of(*attr_names)
-        configuration = { :with => nil }
-        configuration.update(attr_names.extract_options!)
+        configuration = attr_names.extract_options!
 
-        raise(ArgumentError, "A regular expression must be supplied as the :with option of the configuration hash") unless configuration[:with].is_a?(Regexp)
+        unless configuration.include?(:with) ^ configuration.include?(:without)  # ^ == xor, or "exclusive or"
+          raise ArgumentError, "Either :with or :without must be supplied (but not both)"
+        end
 
-        validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
-          unless value.to_s =~ configuration[:with]
-            record.errors.add(attr_name, :invalid, :default => configuration[:message], :value => value)
+        if configuration[:with] && !configuration[:with].is_a?(Regexp)
+          raise ArgumentError, "A regular expression must be supplied as the :with option of the configuration hash"
+        end
+
+        if configuration[:without] && !configuration[:without].is_a?(Regexp)
+          raise ArgumentError, "A regular expression must be supplied as the :without option of the configuration hash"
+        end
+
+        if configuration[:with]
+          validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
+            record.errors.add(attr_name, :invalid, :default => configuration[:message], :value => value) if value.to_s !~ configuration[:with]
+          end
+        elsif configuration[:without]
+          validates_each(attr_names, configuration) do |record, attr_name, value|
+            record.errors.add(attr_name, :invalid, :default => configuration[:message], :value => value) if value.to_s =~ configuration[:without]
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/activemodel/test/cases/validations/format_validation_test.rb b/activemodel/test/cases/validations/format_validation_test.rb
index 2c06a9dd02..e19e4bf7b3 100644
--- a/activemodel/test/cases/validations/format_validation_test.rb
+++ b/activemodel/test/cases/validations/format_validation_test.rb
@@ -71,6 +71,35 @@ class PresenceValidationTest < ActiveModel::TestCase
     assert_equal ["can't be Invalid title"], t.errors[:title]
   end
 
+  def test_validate_format_with_not_option
+    Topic.validates_format_of(:title, :without => /foo/, :message => "should not contain foo")
+    t = Topic.new
+
+    t.title = "foobar"
+    t.valid?
+    assert_equal ["should not contain foo"], t.errors[:title]
+
+    t.title = "something else"
+    t.valid?
+    assert_equal [], t.errors[:title]
+  end
+
+  def test_validate_format_of_without_any_regexp_should_raise_error
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_format_of(:title) }
+  end
+
+  def test_validates_format_of_with_both_regexps_should_raise_error
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_format_of(:title, :with => /this/, :without => /that/) }
+  end
+
+  def test_validates_format_of_when_with_isnt_a_regexp_should_raise_error
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_format_of(:title, :with => "clearly not a regexp") }
+  end
+
+  def test_validates_format_of_when_not_isnt_a_regexp_should_raise_error
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_format_of(:title, :without => "clearly not a regexp") }
+  end
+
   def test_validates_format_of_with_custom_error_using_quotes
     repair_validations(Developer) do
       Developer.validates_format_of :name, :with => /^(A-Z*)$/, :message=> "format 'single' and \"double\" quotes"
diff --git a/activerecord/CHANGELOG b/activerecord/CHANGELOG
index d40251b9ca..acfd470c95 100644
--- a/activerecord/CHANGELOG
+++ b/activerecord/CHANGELOG
@@ -2199,7 +2199,7 @@ during calendar reform.  #7649, #7724 [fedot, Geoff Buesing]
 
 * Escape database name in MySQL adapter when creating and dropping databases. #3409 [anna@wota.jp]
 
-* Disambiguate table names for columns in validates_uniquness_of's WHERE clause. #3423 [alex.borovsky@gmail.com]
+* Disambiguate table names for columns in validates_uniqueness_of's WHERE clause. #3423 [alex.borovsky@gmail.com]
 
 * .with_scope imposed create parameters now bypass attr_protected [Tobias Lütke]
 
@@ -3714,7 +3714,7 @@ in effect.  Added :readonly finder constraint.  Calling an association collectio
 
 * Escape database name in MySQL adapter when creating and dropping databases. #3409 [anna@wota.jp]
 
-* Disambiguate table names for columns in validates_uniquness_of's WHERE clause. #3423 [alex.borovsky@gmail.com]
+* Disambiguate table names for columns in validates_uniqueness_of's WHERE clause. #3423 [alex.borovsky@gmail.com]
 
 * .with_scope imposed create parameters now bypass attr_protected [Tobias Lütke]
 
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_many_through_association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_many_through_association.rb
index 292da58831..829f0ac0c5 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_many_through_association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_many_through_association.rb
@@ -8,25 +8,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       alias_method :new, :build
 
       def create!(attrs = nil)
-        ensure_owner_is_not_new
-
-        transaction do
-          self << (object = attrs ? @reflection.klass.send(:with_scope, :create => attrs) { @reflection.create_association! } : @reflection.create_association!)
-          object
-        end
+        create_record(attrs, true)
       end
 
       def create(attrs = nil)
-        ensure_owner_is_not_new
-
-        transaction do
-          object = attrs ? @reflection.klass.send(:with_scope, :create => attrs) { @reflection.create_association } : @reflection.create_association
-          raise_on_type_mismatch(object)
-          add_record_to_target_with_callbacks(object) do |r|
-            insert_record(object, false)
-          end
-          object
-        end
+        create_record(attrs, false)
       end
 
       def destroy(*records)
@@ -44,8 +30,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
         return @target.size if loaded?
         return count
       end
-      
+
       protected
+        def create_record(attrs, force = true)
+          ensure_owner_is_not_new
+
+          transaction do
+            object = @reflection.klass.new(attrs)
+            add_record_to_target_with_callbacks(object) {|r| insert_record(object, force) }
+            object
+          end
+        end
+
         def target_reflection_has_associated_record?
           if @reflection.through_reflection.macro == :belongs_to && @owner[@reflection.through_reflection.primary_key_name].blank?
             false
@@ -69,9 +65,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
               return false unless record.save(validate)
             end
           end
-          through_reflection = @reflection.through_reflection
-          klass = through_reflection.klass
-          @owner.send(@reflection.through_reflection.name).proxy_target << klass.send(:with_scope, :create => construct_join_attributes(record)) { through_reflection.create_association! }
+
+          through_association = @owner.send(@reflection.through_reflection.name)
+          through_record = through_association.create!(construct_join_attributes(record))
+          through_association.proxy_target << through_record
         end
 
         # TODO - add dependent option support
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb
index 911c908c8b..b6c4df2a49 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb
@@ -1,92 +1,21 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/tap'
+
 module ActiveRecord
   module AttributeMethods
-    # Track unsaved attribute changes.
-    #
-    # A newly instantiated object is unchanged:
-    #   person = Person.find_by_name('Uncle Bob')
-    #   person.changed?       # => false
-    #
-    # Change the name:
-    #   person.name = 'Bob'
-    #   person.changed?       # => true
-    #   person.name_changed?  # => true
-    #   person.name_was       # => 'Uncle Bob'
-    #   person.name_change    # => ['Uncle Bob', 'Bob']
-    #   person.name = 'Bill'
-    #   person.name_change    # => ['Uncle Bob', 'Bill']
-    #
-    # Save the changes:
-    #   person.save
-    #   person.changed?       # => false
-    #   person.name_changed?  # => false
-    #
-    # Assigning the same value leaves the attribute unchanged:
-    #   person.name = 'Bill'
-    #   person.name_changed?  # => false
-    #   person.name_change    # => nil
-    #
-    # Which attributes have changed?
-    #   person.name = 'Bob'
-    #   person.changed        # => ['name']
-    #   person.changes        # => { 'name' => ['Bill', 'Bob'] }
-    #
-    # Resetting an attribute returns it to its original state:
-    #   person.reset_name!    # => 'Bill'
-    #   person.changed?       # => false
-    #   person.name_changed?  # => false
-    #   person.name           # => 'Bill'
-    #
-    # Before modifying an attribute in-place:
-    #   person.name_will_change!
-    #   person.name << 'y'
-    #   person.name_change    # => ['Bill', 'Billy']
     module Dirty
       extend ActiveSupport::Concern
-
-      DIRTY_AFFIXES = [
-        { :suffix => '_changed?' },
-        { :suffix => '_change' },
-        { :suffix => '_will_change!' },
-        { :suffix => '_was' },
-        { :prefix => 'reset_', :suffix => '!' }
-      ]
+      include ActiveModel::Dirty
 
       included do
-        attribute_method_affix *DIRTY_AFFIXES
-
-        alias_method_chain :save,            :dirty
-        alias_method_chain :save!,           :dirty
-        alias_method_chain :update,          :dirty
-        alias_method_chain :reload,          :dirty
+        alias_method_chain :save,   :dirty
+        alias_method_chain :save!,  :dirty
+        alias_method_chain :update, :dirty
+        alias_method_chain :reload, :dirty
 
         superclass_delegating_accessor :partial_updates
         self.partial_updates = true
       end
 
-      # Do any attributes have unsaved changes?
-      #   person.changed? # => false
-      #   person.name = 'bob'
-      #   person.changed? # => true
-      def changed?
-        !changed_attributes.empty?
-      end
-
-      # List of attributes with unsaved changes.
-      #   person.changed # => []
-      #   person.name = 'bob'
-      #   person.changed # => ['name']
-      def changed
-        changed_attributes.keys
-      end
-
-      # Map of changed attrs => [original value, new value].
-      #   person.changes # => {}
-      #   person.name = 'bob'
-      #   person.changes # => { 'name' => ['bill', 'bob'] }
-      def changes
-        changed.inject({}) { |h, attr| h[attr] = attribute_change(attr); h }
-      end
-
       # Attempts to +save+ the record and clears changed attributes if successful.
       def save_with_dirty(*args) #:nodoc:
         if status = save_without_dirty(*args)
@@ -97,49 +26,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       # Attempts to <tt>save!</tt> the record and clears changed attributes if successful.
       def save_with_dirty!(*args) #:nodoc:
-        status = save_without_dirty!(*args)
-        changed_attributes.clear
-        status
+        save_without_dirty!(*args).tap { changed_attributes.clear }
       end
 
       # <tt>reload</tt> the record and clears changed attributes.
       def reload_with_dirty(*args) #:nodoc:
-        record = reload_without_dirty(*args)
-        changed_attributes.clear
-        record
+        reload_without_dirty(*args).tap { changed_attributes.clear }
       end
 
       private
-        # Map of change <tt>attr => original value</tt>.
-        def changed_attributes
-          @changed_attributes ||= {}
-        end
-
-        # Handle <tt>*_changed?</tt> for +method_missing+.
-        def attribute_changed?(attr)
-          changed_attributes.include?(attr)
-        end
-
-        # Handle <tt>*_change</tt> for +method_missing+.
-        def attribute_change(attr)
-          [changed_attributes[attr], __send__(attr)] if attribute_changed?(attr)
-        end
-
-        # Handle <tt>*_was</tt> for +method_missing+.
-        def attribute_was(attr)
-          attribute_changed?(attr) ? changed_attributes[attr] : __send__(attr)
-        end
-
-        # Handle <tt>reset_*!</tt> for +method_missing+.
-        def reset_attribute!(attr)
-          self[attr] = changed_attributes[attr] if attribute_changed?(attr)
-        end
-
-        # Handle <tt>*_will_change!</tt> for +method_missing+.
-        def attribute_will_change!(attr)
-          changed_attributes[attr] = clone_attribute_value(:read_attribute, attr)
-        end
-
         # Wrap write_attribute to remember original attribute value.
         def write_attribute(attr, value)
           attr = attr.to_s
@@ -182,23 +77,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           old != value
         end
-
-      module ClassMethods
-        def self.extended(base)
-          class << base
-            alias_method_chain :alias_attribute, :dirty
-          end
-        end
-
-        def alias_attribute_with_dirty(new_name, old_name)
-          alias_attribute_without_dirty(new_name, old_name)
-          DIRTY_AFFIXES.each do |affixes|
-            module_eval <<-STR, __FILE__, __LINE__+1
-              def #{affixes[:prefix]}#{new_name}#{affixes[:suffix]}; self.#{affixes[:prefix]}#{old_name}#{affixes[:suffix]}; end  # def reset_subject!; self.reset_title!; end
-            STR
-          end
-        end
-      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/associations/has_many_through_associations_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/associations/has_many_through_associations_test.rb
index 59985374d3..5f13b66d11 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/associations/has_many_through_associations_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/associations/has_many_through_associations_test.rb
@@ -180,27 +180,41 @@ class HasManyThroughAssociationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_associate_with_create_and_invalid_options
-    peeps = companies(:first_firm).developers.count
-    assert_nothing_raised { companies(:first_firm).developers.create(:name => '0') }
-    assert_equal peeps, companies(:first_firm).developers.count
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_no_difference('firm.developers.count') { assert_nothing_raised { firm.developers.create(:name => '0') } }
   end
 
   def test_associate_with_create_and_valid_options
-    peeps = companies(:first_firm).developers.count
-    assert_nothing_raised { companies(:first_firm).developers.create(:name => 'developer') }
-    assert_equal peeps + 1, companies(:first_firm).developers.count
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_difference('firm.developers.count', 1) { firm.developers.create(:name => 'developer') }
   end
 
   def test_associate_with_create_bang_and_invalid_options
-    peeps = companies(:first_firm).developers.count
-    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { companies(:first_firm).developers.create!(:name => '0') }
-    assert_equal peeps, companies(:first_firm).developers.count
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_no_difference('firm.developers.count') { assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { firm.developers.create!(:name => '0') } }
   end
 
   def test_associate_with_create_bang_and_valid_options
-    peeps = companies(:first_firm).developers.count
-    assert_nothing_raised { companies(:first_firm).developers.create!(:name => 'developer') }
-    assert_equal peeps + 1, companies(:first_firm).developers.count
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_difference('firm.developers.count', 1) { firm.developers.create!(:name => 'developer') }
+  end
+
+  def test_push_with_invalid_record
+    firm = companies(:first_firm)
+    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { firm.developers << Developer.new(:name => '0') }
+  end
+
+  def test_push_with_invalid_join_record
+    repair_validations(Contract) do
+      Contract.validate {|r| r.errors[:base] << 'Invalid Contract' }
+
+      firm = companies(:first_firm)
+      lifo = Developer.new(:name => 'lifo')
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { firm.developers << lifo }
+
+      lifo = Developer.create!(:name => 'lifo')
+      assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { firm.developers << lifo }
+    end
   end
 
   def test_clear_associations
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/validations/uniqueness_validation_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/validations/uniqueness_validation_test.rb
index cb123d3498..17ba4e2f8a 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/validations/uniqueness_validation_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/validations/uniqueness_validation_test.rb
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class UniquenessValidationTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert t2.save, "Should now save t2 as unique"
   end
 
-  def test_validates_uniquness_with_newline_chars
+  def test_validates_uniqueness_with_newline_chars
     Topic.validates_uniqueness_of(:title, :case_sensitive => false)
 
     t = Topic.new("title" => "new\nline")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
index 448db538ab..e28df8efa5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
@@ -62,19 +62,27 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
     end
 
+    RAILS_CACHE_ID   = ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"]
+    RAILS_APP_VERION = ENV["RAILS_APP_VERION"]
+    EXPANDED_CACHE   = RAILS_CACHE_ID || RAILS_APP_VERION
+
     def self.expand_cache_key(key, namespace = nil)
       expanded_cache_key = namespace ? "#{namespace}/" : ""
 
-      if ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"] || ENV["RAILS_APP_VERSION"]
-        expanded_cache_key << "#{ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"] || ENV["RAILS_APP_VERSION"]}/"
+      if EXPANDED_CACHE
+        expanded_cache_key << "#{RAILS_CACHE_ID || RAILS_APP_VERION}/"
       end
 
-      expanded_cache_key << case
-        when key.respond_to?(:cache_key)
+      expanded_cache_key <<
+        if key.respond_to?(:cache_key)
           key.cache_key
-        when key.is_a?(Array)
-          key.collect { |element| expand_cache_key(element) }.to_param
-        when key
+        elsif key.is_a?(Array)
+          if key.size > 1
+            key.collect { |element| expand_cache_key(element) }.to_param
+          else
+            key.first.to_param
+          end
+        elsif key
           key.to_param
         end.to_s
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
index 74ce85a1c2..1602a609eb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
@@ -46,11 +46,12 @@ class Class
         end                                            # end
         " unless options[:instance_writer] == false }  # # instance writer above is generated unless options[:instance_writer] == false
       EOS
+      self.send("#{sym}=", yield) if block_given?
     end
   end
 
-  def cattr_accessor(*syms)
+  def cattr_accessor(*syms, &blk)
     cattr_reader(*syms)
-    cattr_writer(*syms)
+    cattr_writer(*syms, &blk)
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb
index fd029544c3..6c67df7f50 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb
@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ class Class
     end
   end
 
-  def superclass_delegating_writer(*names)
+  def superclass_delegating_writer(*names, &block)
     names.each do |name|
       class_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
         def self.#{name}=(value)     # def self.property=(value)
           @#{name} = value           #   @property = value
         end                          # end
       EOS
+      self.send("#{name}=", yield) if block_given?
     end
   end
 
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ class Class
   # delegate to their superclass unless they have been given a 
   # specific value.  This stops the strange situation where values 
   # set after class definition don't get applied to subclasses.
-  def superclass_delegating_accessor(*names)
+  def superclass_delegating_accessor(*names, &block)
     superclass_delegating_reader(*names)
-    superclass_delegating_writer(*names)
+    superclass_delegating_writer(*names, &block)
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb
index 11e01437aa..df8aefea5a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb
@@ -120,10 +120,15 @@ class Module
         end
 
       module_eval(<<-EOS, file, line)
-        def #{prefix}#{method}(*args, &block)                           # def customer_name(*args, &block)
-          #{on_nil} if #{to}.nil?
-          #{to}.__send__(#{method.inspect}, *args, &block)  #   client && client.__send__(:name, *args, &block)
-        end                                                             # end
+        def #{prefix}#{method}(*args, &block)               # def customer_name(*args, &block)
+          #{to}.__send__(#{method.inspect}, *args, &block)  #   client.__send__(:name, *args, &block)
+        rescue NoMethodError                                # rescue NoMethodError
+          if #{to}.nil?                                     #   if client.nil?
+            #{on_nil}
+          else                                              #   else
+            raise                                           #     raise
+          end                                               #   end
+        end                                                 # end
       EOS
     end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module_test.rb
index f8387ae4ab..87f056ea85 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module_test.rb
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ end
 Somewhere = Struct.new(:street, :city)
 
 Someone   = Struct.new(:name, :place) do
-  delegate :street, :city, :to => :place
+  delegate :street, :city, :to_f, :to => :place
   delegate :state, :to => :@place
   delegate :upcase, :to => "place.city"
 end
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ end
 
 Project   = Struct.new(:description, :person) do
   delegate :name, :to => :person, :allow_nil => true
+  delegate :to_f, :to => :description, :allow_nil => true
 end
 
 class Name
@@ -145,6 +146,16 @@ class ModuleTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
     assert_raise(RuntimeError) { david.street }
   end
 
+  def test_delegation_to_method_that_exists_on_nil
+    nil_person = Someone.new(nil)
+    assert_equal 0.0, nil_person.to_f
+  end
+
+  def test_delegation_to_method_that_exists_on_nil_when_allowing_nil
+    nil_project = Project.new(nil)
+    assert_equal 0.0, nil_project.to_f
+  end
+
   def test_parent
     assert_equal Yz::Zy, Yz::Zy::Cd.parent
     assert_equal Yz, Yz::Zy.parent
diff --git a/ci/ci_build.rb b/ci/ci_build.rb
index 0b9bd3d278..7d81fa843a 100755
--- a/ci/ci_build.rb
+++ b/ci/ci_build.rb
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ cd "#{root_dir}/activerecord" do
   puts
   puts "[CruiseControl] Building ActiveRecord with MySQL"
   puts
-  build_results[:activerecord_mysql] = system 'rake test_mysql'
+  build_results[:activerecord_mysql] = system 'rake mysql:rebuild_databases && rake test_mysql'
 end
 
 cd "#{root_dir}/activerecord" do
   puts
   puts "[CruiseControl] Building ActiveRecord with PostgreSQL"
   puts
-  build_results[:activerecord_postgresql8] = system 'rake test_postgresql'
+  build_results[:activerecord_postgresql8] = system 'rake postgresql:rebuild_databases && rake test_postgresql'
 end
 
 cd "#{root_dir}/activerecord" do