diff --git a/activejob/lib/active_job/queue_adapters/inline_adapter.rb b/activejob/lib/active_job/queue_adapters/inline_adapter.rb
index 36bd1169d9..ca04dc943c 100644
--- a/activejob/lib/active_job/queue_adapters/inline_adapter.rb
+++ b/activejob/lib/active_job/queue_adapters/inline_adapter.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module ActiveJob
     #   Rails.application.config.active_job.queue_adapter = :inline
     class InlineAdapter
       def enqueue(job) #:nodoc:
-        Thread.new { Base.execute(job.serialize) }.join
+        Base.execute(job.serialize)
       end
 
       def enqueue_at(*) #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activejob/test/integration/queuing_test.rb b/activejob/test/integration/queuing_test.rb
index 0f63dbd6e3..933d310c16 100644
--- a/activejob/test/integration/queuing_test.rb
+++ b/activejob/test/integration/queuing_test.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ require "helper"
 require "jobs/logging_job"
 require "jobs/hello_job"
 require "jobs/provider_jid_job"
-require "jobs/thread_job"
 require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/time"
 
 class QueuingTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
@@ -146,21 +145,4 @@ class QueuingTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert job_executed "#{@id}.2"
     assert job_executed_at("#{@id}.2") < job_executed_at("#{@id}.1")
   end
-
-  test "inline jobs run on separate threads" do
-    skip unless adapter_is?(:inline)
-
-    after_job_thread = Thread.new do
-      ThreadJob.latch.wait
-      assert_nil Thread.current[:job_ran]
-      assert ThreadJob.thread[:job_ran]
-      ThreadJob.test_latch.count_down
-    end
-
-    ThreadJob.perform_later
-
-    after_job_thread.join
-
-    assert_nil Thread.current[:job_ran]
-  end
 end
diff --git a/activejob/test/jobs/thread_job.rb b/activejob/test/jobs/thread_job.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2cef13bc42..0000000000
--- a/activejob/test/jobs/thread_job.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-class ThreadJob < ActiveJob::Base
-  class << self
-    attr_accessor :thread
-
-    def latch
-      @latch ||= Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
-    end
-
-    def test_latch
-      @test_latch ||= Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
-    end
-  end
-
-  def perform
-    Thread.current[:job_ran] = true
-    self.class.thread = Thread.current
-    self.class.latch.count_down
-    self.class.test_latch.wait
-  end
-end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/engine.rb b/railties/lib/rails/engine.rb
index ed96b1c8b4..ebf8f7644d 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/engine.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/engine.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 require "rails/railtie"
 require "rails/engine/railties"
+require "active_support/callbacks"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 require "active_support/core_ext/object/try"
 require "pathname"
@@ -422,6 +423,9 @@ module Rails
       end
     end
 
+    include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
+    define_callbacks :load_seed
+
     delegate :middleware, :root, :paths, to: :config
     delegate :engine_name, :isolated?, to: :class
 
@@ -559,13 +563,7 @@ module Rails
     # Blog::Engine.load_seed
     def load_seed
       seed_file = paths["db/seeds.rb"].existent.first
-      return unless seed_file
-
-      if config.try(:active_job)&.queue_adapter == :async
-        with_inline_jobs { load(seed_file) }
-      else
-        load(seed_file)
-      end
+      run_callbacks(:load_seed) { load(seed_file) } if seed_file
     end
 
     initializer :load_environment_config, before: :load_environment_hook, group: :all do
@@ -637,6 +635,12 @@ module Rails
       end
     end
 
+    initializer :wrap_executor_around_load_seed do |app|
+      self.class.set_callback(:load_seed, :around) do |engine, seeds_block|
+        app.executor.wrap(&seeds_block)
+      end
+    end
+
     initializer :engines_blank_point do
       # We need this initializer so all extra initializers added in engines are
       # consistently executed after all the initializers above across all engines.
@@ -678,18 +682,6 @@ module Rails
         end
       end
 
-      def with_inline_jobs
-        queue_adapter = config.active_job.queue_adapter
-        ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_job) do
-          self.queue_adapter = :inline
-        end
-        yield
-      ensure
-        ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_job) do
-          self.queue_adapter = queue_adapter
-        end
-      end
-
       def has_migrations?
         paths["db/migrate"].existent.any?
       end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/railtie.rb b/railties/lib/rails/railtie.rb
index 1e74b22cfb..24b8220631 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/railtie.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/railtie.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "rails/initializable"
+require "active_support/descendants_tracker"
 require "active_support/inflector"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/introspection"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ module Rails
   class Railtie
     autoload :Configuration, "rails/railtie/configuration"
 
+    extend ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker
     include Initializable
 
     ABSTRACT_RAILTIES = %w(Rails::Railtie Rails::Engine Rails::Application)
@@ -144,13 +146,7 @@ module Rails
       delegate :config, to: :instance
 
       def subclasses
-        @subclasses ||= []
-      end
-
-      def inherited(base)
-        unless base.abstract_railtie?
-          subclasses << base
-        end
+        super.reject(&:abstract_railtie?)
       end
 
       def rake_tasks(&blk)
diff --git a/railties/test/railties/engine_test.rb b/railties/test/railties/engine_test.rb
index 9c7fac7080..b654866031 100644
--- a/railties/test/railties/engine_test.rb
+++ b/railties/test/railties/engine_test.rb
@@ -879,29 +879,40 @@ en:
       assert Bukkits::Engine.config.bukkits_seeds_loaded
     end
 
-    test "jobs are ran inline while loading seeds with async adapter configured" do
+    test "loading seed data is wrapped by the executor" do
       app_file "db/seeds.rb", <<-RUBY
-        Rails.application.config.seed_queue_adapter = ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter
+        Rails.application.config.seeding_wrapped_by_executor = Rails.application.executor.active?
       RUBY
 
       boot_rails
       Rails.application.load_seed
 
-      assert_instance_of ActiveJob::QueueAdapters::InlineAdapter, Rails.application.config.seed_queue_adapter
-      assert_instance_of ActiveJob::QueueAdapters::AsyncAdapter, ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter
+      assert_predicate Rails.application.config, :seeding_wrapped_by_executor
     end
 
-    test "jobs are ran with original adapter while loading seeds with custom adapter configured" do
+    test "inline jobs do not clear CurrentAttributes when loading seed data" do
       app_file "db/seeds.rb", <<-RUBY
-        Rails.application.config.seed_queue_adapter = ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter
+        class SeedsAttributes < ActiveSupport::CurrentAttributes
+          attribute :foo
+        end
+
+        class SeedsJob < ActiveJob::Base
+          self.queue_adapter = :inline
+          def perform
+            Rails.application.config.seeds_job_ran = true
+          end
+        end
+
+        SeedsAttributes.foo = 42
+        SeedsJob.perform_later
+        Rails.application.config.seeds_attributes_foo = SeedsAttributes.foo
       RUBY
 
       boot_rails
-      Rails.application.config.active_job.queue_adapter = :delayed_job
       Rails.application.load_seed
 
-      assert_instance_of ActiveJob::QueueAdapters::DelayedJobAdapter, Rails.application.config.seed_queue_adapter
-      assert_instance_of ActiveJob::QueueAdapters::DelayedJobAdapter, ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter
+      assert Rails.application.config.seeds_job_ran
+      assert_equal 42, Rails.application.config.seeds_attributes_foo
     end
 
     test "seed data can be loaded when ActiveJob is not present" do