Always prefer class types to query types when casting `group`

When `group` is used in combination with any calculation method, the
resulting hash uses the grouping expression as the key. Currently we're
incorrectly always favoring the type reported by the query, instead of
the type known by the class. This causes differing behavior depending on
whether the adaptor actually gives proper types with the query or not.
After this change, the behavior will be the same on all adaptors -- we
see if we know the type from the class, fall back to the type from the
query, and finally fall back to the identity type.

Fixes #25595

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+*   Using `group` with an attribute that has a custom type will properly cast
+    the hash keys after calling a calculation method like `count`. Fixes #25595.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
 *   Fix the generated `#to_param` method to use `omission: ''` so that
     the resulting output is actually up to 20 characters, not
     effectively 17 to leave room for the default "...".

activerecord/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb

@@ -282,8 +282,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # +attr_name+ The name of the attribute to retrieve the type for. Must be
       # a string
-      def type_for_attribute(attr_name)
-        attribute_types[attr_name]
+      def type_for_attribute(attr_name, &block)
+        if block
+          attribute_types.fetch(attr_name, &block)
+        else
+          attribute_types[attr_name]
+        end
       end
 
       # Returns a hash where the keys are column names and the values are

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb

@@ -312,8 +312,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       Hash[calculated_data.map do |row|
         key = group_columns.map { |aliaz, col_name|
-          column = calculated_data.column_types.fetch(aliaz) do
-            type_for(col_name)
+          column = type_for(col_name) do
+            calculated_data.column_types.fetch(aliaz) do
+              Type::Value.new
+            end
           end
           type_cast_calculated_value(row[aliaz], column)
         }
@@ -346,9 +348,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       @klass.connection.table_alias_for(table_name)
     end
 
-    def type_for(field)
+    def type_for(field, &block)
       field_name = field.respond_to?(:name) ? field.name.to_s : field.to_s.split('.').last
-      @klass.type_for_attribute(field_name)
+      @klass.type_for_attribute(field_name, &block)
     end
 
     def type_cast_calculated_value(value, type, operation = nil)

activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require "cases/helper"
+require "models/book"
 require 'models/club'
 require 'models/company'
 require "models/contract"
@@ -793,4 +794,9 @@ class CalculationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     assert_equal 50, result[1].credit_limit
     assert_equal 50, result[2].credit_limit
   end
+
+  def test_group_by_attribute_with_custom_type
+    Book.create!(status: :published)
+    assert_equal({ "published" => 1 }, Book.group(:status).count)
+  end
 end