Don't assume all hashes are from multiparameter assignment in `composed_of`

So this bug is kinda funky. The code path is basically "if we weren't passed an
instance of the class we compose to, and we have a converter, call that".
Ignoring the hash case for a moment, everything after that was roughly intended
to be the "else" clause, meaning that we are expected to have an instance of
the class we compose to. Really, we should be blowing up in that case, as we
can give a much better error message than what they user will likely get (e.g.
`NameError: No method first for String` or something). Still, Ruby is duck
typed, so if the object you're assigning responds to the same methods as the
type you compose to, knock yourself out.

The hash case was added in 36e9be8 to remove a bunch of special cased code from
multiparameter assignment. I wrongly assumed that the only time we'd get a hash
there is in that case. Multiparameter assignment will construct a very specific
hash though, where the keys are integers, and we will have a set of keys
covering `1..part.size` exactly. I'm pretty sure this could actually be passed
around as an array, but that's a different story. Really I should convert this
to something like `class MultiParameterAssignment < Hash; end`, which I might
do soon. However for a change that I'm willing to backport to 4-2-stable, this
is what I want to go with for the time being.

Fixes #25978

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+*   Hashes can once again be passed to setters of `composed_of`, if all of the
+    mapping methods are methods implemented on `Hash`.
+
+    Fixes #25978.
+
+    *Sean Griffin*
+
 *   Fix the SELECT statement in `#table_comment` for MySQL.
 
     *Takeshi Akima*

activerecord/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb

@@ -261,8 +261,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
               part = converter.respond_to?(:call) ? converter.call(part) : klass.send(converter, part)
             end
 
-            if part.is_a?(Hash)
-              raise ArgumentError unless part.size == part.keys.max
+            hash_from_multiparameter_assignment = part.is_a?(Hash) &&
+              part.each_key.all? { |k| k.is_a?(Integer) }
+            if hash_from_multiparameter_assignment
+              raise ArgumentError unless part.size == part.each_key.max
               part = klass.new(*part.sort.map(&:last))
             end
 

activerecord/test/cases/aggregations_test.rb

@@ -143,6 +143,11 @@ class AggregationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     customers(:barney).fullname = { first: "Barney", last: "Stinson" }
     assert_equal "Barney STINSON", customers(:barney).name
   end
+
+  def test_assigning_hash_without_custom_converter
+    customers(:barney).fullname_no_converter = { first: "Barney", last: "Stinson" }
+    assert_equal({ first: "Barney", last: "Stinson" }.to_s, customers(:barney).name)
+  end
 end
 
 class OverridingAggregationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase

activerecord/test/models/customer.rb

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
   composed_of :non_blank_gps_location, :class_name => "GpsLocation", :allow_nil => true, :mapping => %w(gps_location gps_location),
               :converter => lambda { |gps| self.gps_conversion_was_run = true; gps.blank? ? nil : GpsLocation.new(gps)}
   composed_of :fullname, :mapping => %w(name to_s), :constructor => Proc.new { |name| Fullname.parse(name) }, :converter => :parse
+  composed_of :fullname_no_converter, :mapping => %w(name to_s), class_name: "Fullname"
 end
 
 class Address