PostgreSQL lateral expressions

Support for PostgreSQL lateral expressions. This is treated as an unary
function applied to a query expression.

Lateral is a separate function to provide interoperability with aliases
and unions. These are also separate node types that wrap
SelectStatements. The lateral option would need to be implemented in
these nodes separately if lateral was an option of SelectStatement.

When building the query, an alias can be given as an argument. This
enables building a lateral query with an table alias without using
either Nodes::TableAlias or Nodes::Lateral directly.

lib/arel/nodes/unary.rb

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ module Arel
       Group
       GroupingElement
       GroupingSet
+      Lateral
       Limit
       Lock
       Not

lib/arel/select_manager.rb

@@ -204,6 +204,11 @@ module Arel
     end
     alias :minus :except
 
+    def lateral table_name = nil
+      base = table_name.nil? ? ast : as(table_name)
+      Nodes::Lateral.new(base)
+    end
+
     def with *subqueries
       if subqueries.first.is_a? Symbol
         node_class = Nodes.const_get("With#{subqueries.shift.to_s.capitalize}")

lib/arel/visitors/depth_first.rb

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ module Arel
       alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_GroupingElement   :unary
       alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Grouping          :unary
       alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Having            :unary
+      alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Lateral           :unary
       alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Limit             :unary
       alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Not               :unary
       alias :visit_Arel_Nodes_Offset            :unary

lib/arel/visitors/postgresql.rb

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ module Arel
       CUBE = 'CUBE'
       ROLLUP = 'ROLLUP'
       GROUPING_SET = 'GROUPING SET'
+      LATERAL = 'LATERAL'
 
       private
 
@@ -69,6 +70,23 @@ module Arel
         grouping_array_or_grouping_element o, collector
       end
 
+      def visit_Arel_Nodes_Lateral o, collector
+        collector << LATERAL
+        collector << SPACE
+        grouping_parentheses o, collector
+      end
+
+      # Used by Lateral visitor to enclose select queries in parentheses
+      def grouping_parentheses o, collector
+        if o.expr.is_a? Nodes::SelectStatement
+          collector << "("
+          visit o.expr, collector
+          collector << ")"
+        else
+          visit o.expr, collector
+        end
+      end
+
       # Utilized by GroupingSet, Cube & RollUp visitors to
       # handle grouping aggregation semantics
       def grouping_array_or_grouping_element o, collector

test/visitors/test_postgres.rb

@@ -51,6 +51,20 @@ module Arel
         assert_equal 'SELECT DISTINCT', compile(core)
       end
 
+      it 'encloses LATERAL queries in parens' do
+        subquery = @table.project(:id).where(@table[:name].matches('foo%'))
+        compile(subquery.lateral).must_be_like %{
+          LATERAL (SELECT id FROM "users" WHERE "users"."name" ILIKE 'foo%')
+        }
+      end
+
+      it 'produces LATERAL queries with alias' do
+        subquery = @table.project(:id).where(@table[:name].matches('foo%'))
+        compile(subquery.lateral('bar')).must_be_like %{
+          LATERAL (SELECT id FROM "users" WHERE "users"."name" ILIKE 'foo%') bar
+        }
+      end
+
       describe "Nodes::Matches" do
         it "should know how to visit" do
           node = @table[:name].matches('foo%')