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91 lines
4.8 KiB
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91 lines
4.8 KiB
Text
== Welcome to \Rails
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\Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to
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create database-backed web applications according to the
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{Model-View-Controller (MVC)}[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller]
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pattern.
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Understanding the MVC pattern is key to understanding \Rails. MVC divides your
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application into three layers, each with a specific responsibility.
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The <em>Model layer</em> represents your domain model (such as Account, Product,
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Person, Post, etc.) and encapsulates the business logic that is specific to
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your application. In \Rails, database-backed model classes are derived from
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ActiveRecord::Base. Active Record allows you to present the data from
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database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic
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methods. You can read more about Active Record in its {README}[link:files/activerecord/README_rdoc.html].
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Although most \Rails models are backed by a database, models can also be ordinary
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Ruby classes, or Ruby classes that implement a set of interfaces as provided by
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the Active Model module. You can read more about Active Model in its {README}[link:files/activemodel/README_rdoc.html].
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The <em>Controller layer</em> is responsible for handling incoming HTTP requests and
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providing a suitable response. Usually this means returning \HTML, but \Rails controllers
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can also generate XML, JSON, PDFs, mobile-specific views, and more. Controllers load and
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manipulate models, and render view templates in order to generate the appropriate HTTP response.
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In \Rails, incoming requests are routed by Action Dispatch to an appropriate controller, and
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controller classes are derived from ActionController::Base. Action Dispatch and Action Controller
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are bundled together in Action Pack. You can read more about Action Pack in its
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{README}[link:files/actionpack/README_rdoc.html].
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The <em>View layer</em> is composed of "templates" that are responsible for providing
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appropriate representations of your application's resources. Templates can
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come in a variety of formats, but most view templates are \HTML with embedded
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Ruby code (ERB files). Views are typically rendered to generate a controller response,
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or to generate the body of an email. In \Rails, View generation is handled by Action View.
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You can read more about Action View in its {README}[link:files/actionview/README_rdoc.html].
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Active Record, Active Model, Action Pack, and Action View can each be used independently outside \Rails.
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In addition to that, \Rails also comes with Action Mailer ({README}[link:files/actionmailer/README_rdoc.html]), a library
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to generate and send emails; Active Job ({README}[link:files/activejob/README_md.html]), a
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framework for declaring jobs and making them run on a variety of queueing
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backends; Action Cable ({README}[link:files/actioncable/README_md.html]), a framework to
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integrate WebSockets with a \Rails application;
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Active Storage ({README}[link:files/activestorage/README_md.html]), a library to attach cloud
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and local files to \Rails applications;
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and Active Support ({README}[link:files/activesupport/README_rdoc.html]), a collection
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of utility classes and standard library extensions that are useful for \Rails,
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and may also be used independently outside \Rails.
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== Getting Started
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1. Install \Rails at the command prompt if you haven't yet:
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$ gem install rails
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2. At the command prompt, create a new \Rails application:
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$ rails new myapp
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where "myapp" is the application name.
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3. Change directory to +myapp+ and start the web server:
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$ cd myapp
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$ rails server
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Run with <tt>--help</tt> or <tt>-h</tt> for options.
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4. Go to <tt>http://localhost:3000</tt> and you'll see: "Yay! You’re on \Rails!"
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5. Follow the guidelines to start developing your application. You may find the following resources handy:
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* The \README file created within your application.
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* {Getting Started with \Rails}[http://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html].
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* {Ruby on \Rails Guides}[http://guides.rubyonrails.org].
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* {The API Documentation}[http://api.rubyonrails.org].
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* {Ruby on \Rails Tutorial}[https://www.railstutorial.org/book].
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== Contributing
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We encourage you to contribute to Ruby on \Rails! Please check out the
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{Contributing to Ruby on \Rails guide}[http://guides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html] for guidelines about how to proceed. {Join us!}[http://contributors.rubyonrails.org]
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Trying to report a possible security vulnerability in \Rails? Please
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check out our {security policy}[http://rubyonrails.org/security/] for
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guidelines about how to proceed.
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Everyone interacting in \Rails and its sub-projects' codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the \Rails {code of conduct}[http://rubyonrails.org/conduct/].
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== License
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Ruby on \Rails is released under the {MIT License}[https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT].
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