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rails--rails/railties/lib/rails/application.rb
Andrew White 31abee0341 Add support for automatic nonce generation for Rails UJS 
Because the UJS library creates a script tag to process responses it
normally requires the script-src attribute of the content security
policy to include 'unsafe-inline'.

To work around this we generate a per-request nonce value that is
embedded in a meta tag in a similar fashion to how CSRF protection
embeds its token in a meta tag. The UJS library can then read the
nonce value and set it on the dynamically generated script tag to
enable it to execute without needing 'unsafe-inline' enabled.

Nonce generation isn't 100% safe - if your script tag is including
user generated content in someway then it may be possible to exploit
an XSS vulnerability which can take advantage of the nonce. It is
however an improvement on a blanket permission for inline scripts.

It is also possible to use the nonce within your own script tags by
using `nonce: true` to set the nonce value on the tag, e.g

    <%= javascript_tag nonce: true do %>
      alert('Hello, World!');
    <% end %>

Fixes #31689.
2018-02-19 15:59:34 +00:00

602 lines
22 KiB
Ruby
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# frozen_string_literal: true
require "yaml"
require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
require "active_support/key_generator"
require "active_support/message_verifier"
require "active_support/encrypted_configuration"
require "active_support/deprecation"
require "rails/engine"
require "rails/secrets"
module Rails
# An Engine with the responsibility of coordinating the whole boot process.
#
# == Initialization
#
# Rails::Application is responsible for executing all railties and engines
# initializers. It also executes some bootstrap initializers (check
# Rails::Application::Bootstrap) and finishing initializers, after all the others
# are executed (check Rails::Application::Finisher).
#
# == Configuration
#
# Besides providing the same configuration as Rails::Engine and Rails::Railtie,
# the application object has several specific configurations, for example
# "cache_classes", "consider_all_requests_local", "filter_parameters",
# "logger" and so forth.
#
# Check Rails::Application::Configuration to see them all.
#
# == Routes
#
# The application object is also responsible for holding the routes and reloading routes
# whenever the files change in development.
#
# == Middlewares
#
# The Application is also responsible for building the middleware stack.
#
# == Booting process
#
# The application is also responsible for setting up and executing the booting
# process. From the moment you require "config/application.rb" in your app,
# the booting process goes like this:
#
# 1) require "config/boot.rb" to setup load paths
# 2) require railties and engines
# 3) Define Rails.application as "class MyApp::Application < Rails::Application"
# 4) Run config.before_configuration callbacks
# 5) Load config/environments/ENV.rb
# 6) Run config.before_initialize callbacks
# 7) Run Railtie#initializer defined by railties, engines and application.
# One by one, each engine sets up its load paths, routes and runs its config/initializers/* files.
# 8) Custom Railtie#initializers added by railties, engines and applications are executed
# 9) Build the middleware stack and run to_prepare callbacks
# 10) Run config.before_eager_load and eager_load! if eager_load is true
# 11) Run config.after_initialize callbacks
#
# == Multiple Applications
#
# If you decide to define multiple applications, then the first application
# that is initialized will be set to +Rails.application+, unless you override
# it with a different application.
#
# To create a new application, you can instantiate a new instance of a class
# that has already been created:
#
# class Application < Rails::Application
# end
#
# first_application = Application.new
# second_application = Application.new(config: first_application.config)
#
# In the above example, the configuration from the first application was used
# to initialize the second application. You can also use the +initialize_copy+
# on one of the applications to create a copy of the application which shares
# the configuration.
#
# If you decide to define Rake tasks, runners, or initializers in an
# application other than +Rails.application+, then you must run them manually.
class Application < Engine
autoload :Bootstrap, "rails/application/bootstrap"
autoload :Configuration, "rails/application/configuration"
autoload :DefaultMiddlewareStack, "rails/application/default_middleware_stack"
autoload :Finisher, "rails/application/finisher"
autoload :Railties, "rails/engine/railties"
autoload :RoutesReloader, "rails/application/routes_reloader"
class << self
def inherited(base)
super
Rails.app_class = base
add_lib_to_load_path!(find_root(base.called_from))
ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:before_configuration, base)
end
def instance
super.run_load_hooks!
end
def create(initial_variable_values = {}, &block)
new(initial_variable_values, &block).run_load_hooks!
end
def find_root(from)
find_root_with_flag "config.ru", from, Dir.pwd
end
# Makes the +new+ method public.
#
# Note that Rails::Application inherits from Rails::Engine, which
# inherits from Rails::Railtie and the +new+ method on Rails::Railtie is
# private
public :new
end
attr_accessor :assets, :sandbox
alias_method :sandbox?, :sandbox
attr_reader :reloaders, :reloader, :executor
delegate :default_url_options, :default_url_options=, to: :routes
INITIAL_VARIABLES = [:config, :railties, :routes_reloader, :reloaders,
:routes, :helpers, :app_env_config, :secrets] # :nodoc:
def initialize(initial_variable_values = {}, &block)
super()
@initialized = false
@reloaders = []
@routes_reloader = nil
@app_env_config = nil
@ordered_railties = nil
@railties = nil
@message_verifiers = {}
@ran_load_hooks = false
@executor = Class.new(ActiveSupport::Executor)
@reloader = Class.new(ActiveSupport::Reloader)
@reloader.executor = @executor
# are these actually used?
@initial_variable_values = initial_variable_values
@block = block
end
# Returns true if the application is initialized.
def initialized?
@initialized
end
def run_load_hooks! # :nodoc:
return self if @ran_load_hooks
@ran_load_hooks = true
@initial_variable_values.each do |variable_name, value|
if INITIAL_VARIABLES.include?(variable_name)
instance_variable_set("@#{variable_name}", value)
end
end
instance_eval(&@block) if @block
self
end
# Reload application routes regardless if they changed or not.
def reload_routes!
routes_reloader.reload!
end
# Returns the application's KeyGenerator
def key_generator
# number of iterations selected based on consultation with the google security
# team. Details at https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/6952#issuecomment-7661220
@caching_key_generator ||=
if secret_key_base
ActiveSupport::CachingKeyGenerator.new(
ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator.new(secret_key_base, iterations: 1000)
)
else
ActiveSupport::LegacyKeyGenerator.new(secrets.secret_token)
end
end
# Returns a message verifier object.
#
# This verifier can be used to generate and verify signed messages in the application.
#
# It is recommended not to use the same verifier for different things, so you can get different
# verifiers passing the +verifier_name+ argument.
#
# ==== Parameters
#
# * +verifier_name+ - the name of the message verifier.
#
# ==== Examples
#
# message = Rails.application.message_verifier('sensitive_data').generate('my sensible data')
# Rails.application.message_verifier('sensitive_data').verify(message)
# # => 'my sensible data'
#
# See the +ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier+ documentation for more information.
def message_verifier(verifier_name)
@message_verifiers[verifier_name] ||= begin
secret = key_generator.generate_key(verifier_name.to_s)
ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(secret)
end
end
# Convenience for loading config/foo.yml for the current Rails env.
#
# Example:
#
# # config/exception_notification.yml:
# production:
# url: http://127.0.0.1:8080
# namespace: my_app_production
# development:
# url: http://localhost:3001
# namespace: my_app_development
#
# # config/environments/production.rb
# Rails.application.configure do
# config.middleware.use ExceptionNotifier, config_for(:exception_notification)
# end
def config_for(name, env: Rails.env)
if name.is_a?(Pathname)
yaml = name
else
yaml = Pathname.new("#{paths["config"].existent.first}/#{name}.yml")
end
if yaml.exist?
require "erb"
(YAML.load(ERB.new(yaml.read).result) || {})[env] || {}
else
raise "Could not load configuration. No such file - #{yaml}"
end
rescue Psych::SyntaxError => e
raise "YAML syntax error occurred while parsing #{yaml}. " \
"Please note that YAML must be consistently indented using spaces. Tabs are not allowed. " \
"Error: #{e.message}"
end
# Stores some of the Rails initial environment parameters which
# will be used by middlewares and engines to configure themselves.
def env_config
@app_env_config ||= begin
super.merge(
"action_dispatch.parameter_filter" => config.filter_parameters,
"action_dispatch.redirect_filter" => config.filter_redirect,
"action_dispatch.secret_token" => secrets.secret_token,
"action_dispatch.secret_key_base" => secret_key_base,
"action_dispatch.show_exceptions" => config.action_dispatch.show_exceptions,
"action_dispatch.show_detailed_exceptions" => config.consider_all_requests_local,
"action_dispatch.logger" => Rails.logger,
"action_dispatch.backtrace_cleaner" => Rails.backtrace_cleaner,
"action_dispatch.key_generator" => key_generator,
"action_dispatch.http_auth_salt" => config.action_dispatch.http_auth_salt,
"action_dispatch.signed_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.signed_cookie_salt,
"action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_salt,
"action_dispatch.encrypted_signed_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.encrypted_signed_cookie_salt,
"action_dispatch.authenticated_encrypted_cookie_salt" => config.action_dispatch.authenticated_encrypted_cookie_salt,
"action_dispatch.use_authenticated_cookie_encryption" => config.action_dispatch.use_authenticated_cookie_encryption,
"action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_cipher" => config.action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_cipher,
"action_dispatch.signed_cookie_digest" => config.action_dispatch.signed_cookie_digest,
"action_dispatch.cookies_serializer" => config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer,
"action_dispatch.cookies_digest" => config.action_dispatch.cookies_digest,
"action_dispatch.cookies_rotations" => config.action_dispatch.cookies_rotations,
"action_dispatch.content_security_policy" => config.content_security_policy,
"action_dispatch.content_security_policy_report_only" => config.content_security_policy_report_only,
"action_dispatch.content_security_policy_nonce_generator" => config.content_security_policy_nonce_generator
)
end
end
# If you try to define a set of Rake tasks on the instance, these will get
# passed up to the Rake tasks defined on the application's class.
def rake_tasks(&block)
self.class.rake_tasks(&block)
end
# Sends the initializers to the +initializer+ method defined in the
# Rails::Initializable module. Each Rails::Application class has its own
# set of initializers, as defined by the Initializable module.
def initializer(name, opts = {}, &block)
self.class.initializer(name, opts, &block)
end
# Sends any runner called in the instance of a new application up
# to the +runner+ method defined in Rails::Railtie.
def runner(&blk)
self.class.runner(&blk)
end
# Sends any console called in the instance of a new application up
# to the +console+ method defined in Rails::Railtie.
def console(&blk)
self.class.console(&blk)
end
# Sends any generators called in the instance of a new application up
# to the +generators+ method defined in Rails::Railtie.
def generators(&blk)
self.class.generators(&blk)
end
# Sends the +isolate_namespace+ method up to the class method.
def isolate_namespace(mod)
self.class.isolate_namespace(mod)
end
## Rails internal API
# This method is called just after an application inherits from Rails::Application,
# allowing the developer to load classes in lib and use them during application
# configuration.
#
# class MyApplication < Rails::Application
# require "my_backend" # in lib/my_backend
# config.i18n.backend = MyBackend
# end
#
# Notice this method takes into consideration the default root path. So if you
# are changing config.root inside your application definition or having a custom
# Rails application, you will need to add lib to $LOAD_PATH on your own in case
# you need to load files in lib/ during the application configuration as well.
def self.add_lib_to_load_path!(root) #:nodoc:
path = File.join root, "lib"
if File.exist?(path) && !$LOAD_PATH.include?(path)
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(path)
end
end
def require_environment! #:nodoc:
environment = paths["config/environment"].existent.first
require environment if environment
end
def routes_reloader #:nodoc:
@routes_reloader ||= RoutesReloader.new
end
# Returns an array of file paths appended with a hash of
# directories-extensions suitable for ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker
# API.
def watchable_args #:nodoc:
files, dirs = config.watchable_files.dup, config.watchable_dirs.dup
ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoload_paths.each do |path|
dirs[path.to_s] = [:rb]
end
[files, dirs]
end
# Initialize the application passing the given group. By default, the
# group is :default
def initialize!(group = :default) #:nodoc:
raise "Application has been already initialized." if @initialized
run_initializers(group, self)
@initialized = true
self
end
def initializers #:nodoc:
Bootstrap.initializers_for(self) +
railties_initializers(super) +
Finisher.initializers_for(self)
end
def config #:nodoc:
@config ||= Application::Configuration.new(self.class.find_root(self.class.called_from))
end
def config=(configuration) #:nodoc:
@config = configuration
end
# Returns secrets added to config/secrets.yml.
#
# Example:
#
# development:
# secret_key_base: 836fa3665997a860728bcb9e9a1e704d427cfc920e79d847d79c8a9a907b9e965defa4154b2b86bdec6930adbe33f21364523a6f6ce363865724549fdfc08553
# test:
# secret_key_base: 5a37811464e7d378488b0f073e2193b093682e4e21f5d6f3ae0a4e1781e61a351fdc878a843424e81c73fb484a40d23f92c8dafac4870e74ede6e5e174423010
# production:
# secret_key_base: <%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %>
# namespace: my_app_production
#
# +Rails.application.secrets.namespace+ returns +my_app_production+ in the
# production environment.
def secrets
@secrets ||= begin
secrets = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new
files = config.paths["config/secrets"].existent
files = files.reject { |path| path.end_with?(".enc") } unless config.read_encrypted_secrets
secrets.merge! Rails::Secrets.parse(files, env: Rails.env)
# Fallback to config.secret_key_base if secrets.secret_key_base isn't set
secrets.secret_key_base ||= config.secret_key_base
# Fallback to config.secret_token if secrets.secret_token isn't set
secrets.secret_token ||= config.secret_token
if secrets.secret_token.present?
ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
"`secrets.secret_token` is deprecated in favor of `secret_key_base` and will be removed in Rails 6.0."
)
end
secrets
end
end
def secrets=(secrets) #:nodoc:
@secrets = secrets
end
# The secret_key_base is used as the input secret to the application's key generator, which in turn
# is used to create all MessageVerifiers/MessageEncryptors, including the ones that sign and encrypt cookies.
#
# In test and development, this is simply derived as a MD5 hash of the application's name.
#
# In all other environments, we look for it first in ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"],
# then credentials.secret_key_base, and finally secrets.secret_key_base. For most applications,
# the correct place to store it is in the encrypted credentials file.
def secret_key_base
if Rails.env.test? || Rails.env.development?
Digest::MD5.hexdigest self.class.name
else
validate_secret_key_base(
ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] || credentials.secret_key_base || secrets.secret_key_base
)
end
end
# Decrypts the credentials hash as kept in +config/credentials.yml.enc+. This file is encrypted with
# the Rails master key, which is either taken from <tt>ENV["RAILS_MASTER_KEY"]</tt> or from loading
# +config/master.key+.
def credentials
@credentials ||= encrypted("config/credentials.yml.enc")
end
# Shorthand to decrypt any encrypted configurations or files.
#
# For any file added with <tt>bin/rails encrypted:edit</tt> call +read+ to decrypt
# the file with the master key.
# The master key is either stored in +config/master.key+ or <tt>ENV["RAILS_MASTER_KEY"]</tt>.
#
# Rails.application.encrypted("config/mystery_man.txt.enc").read
# # => "We've met before, haven't we?"
#
# It's also possible to interpret encrypted YAML files with +config+.
#
# Rails.application.encrypted("config/credentials.yml.enc").config
# # => { next_guys_line: "I don't think so. Where was it you think we met?" }
#
# Any top-level configs are also accessible directly on the return value:
#
# Rails.application.encrypted("config/credentials.yml.enc").next_guys_line
# # => "I don't think so. Where was it you think we met?"
#
# The files or configs can also be encrypted with a custom key. To decrypt with
# a key in the +ENV+, use:
#
# Rails.application.encrypted("config/special_tokens.yml.enc", env_key: "SPECIAL_TOKENS")
#
# Or to decrypt with a file, that should be version control ignored, relative to +Rails.root+:
#
# Rails.application.encrypted("config/special_tokens.yml.enc", key_path: "config/special_tokens.key")
def encrypted(path, key_path: "config/master.key", env_key: "RAILS_MASTER_KEY")
ActiveSupport::EncryptedConfiguration.new(
config_path: Rails.root.join(path),
key_path: Rails.root.join(key_path),
env_key: env_key,
raise_if_missing_key: config.require_master_key
)
end
def to_app #:nodoc:
self
end
def helpers_paths #:nodoc:
config.helpers_paths
end
console do
require "pp"
end
console do
unless ::Kernel.private_method_defined?(:y)
require "psych/y"
end
end
# Return an array of railties respecting the order they're loaded
# and the order specified by the +railties_order+ config.
#
# While running initializers we need engines in reverse order here when
# copying migrations from railties ; we need them in the order given by
# +railties_order+.
def migration_railties # :nodoc:
ordered_railties.flatten - [self]
end
protected
alias :build_middleware_stack :app
def run_tasks_blocks(app) #:nodoc:
railties.each { |r| r.run_tasks_blocks(app) }
super
require "rails/tasks"
task :environment do
ActiveSupport.on_load(:before_initialize) { config.eager_load = false }
require_environment!
end
end
def run_generators_blocks(app) #:nodoc:
railties.each { |r| r.run_generators_blocks(app) }
super
end
def run_runner_blocks(app) #:nodoc:
railties.each { |r| r.run_runner_blocks(app) }
super
end
def run_console_blocks(app) #:nodoc:
railties.each { |r| r.run_console_blocks(app) }
super
end
# Returns the ordered railties for this application considering railties_order.
def ordered_railties #:nodoc:
@ordered_railties ||= begin
order = config.railties_order.map do |railtie|
if railtie == :main_app
self
elsif railtie.respond_to?(:instance)
railtie.instance
else
railtie
end
end
all = (railties - order)
all.push(self) unless (all + order).include?(self)
order.push(:all) unless order.include?(:all)
index = order.index(:all)
order[index] = all
order
end
end
def railties_initializers(current) #:nodoc:
initializers = []
ordered_railties.reverse.flatten.each do |r|
if r == self
initializers += current
else
initializers += r.initializers
end
end
initializers
end
def default_middleware_stack #:nodoc:
default_stack = DefaultMiddlewareStack.new(self, config, paths)
default_stack.build_stack
end
def validate_secret_key_base(secret_key_base)
if secret_key_base.is_a?(String) && secret_key_base.present?
secret_key_base
elsif secret_key_base
raise ArgumentError, "`secret_key_base` for #{Rails.env} environment must be a type of String`"
elsif secrets.secret_token.blank?
raise ArgumentError, "Missing `secret_key_base` for '#{Rails.env}' environment, set this string with `rails credentials:edit`"
end
end
private
def build_request(env)
req = super
env["ORIGINAL_FULLPATH"] = req.fullpath
env["ORIGINAL_SCRIPT_NAME"] = req.script_name
req
end
def build_middleware
config.app_middleware + super
end
end
end
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