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ad5824bde0
When `AR::Base.save!` or `AR::Base.destroy!` is called and an exception is raised, the exception doesn't have any error message or has a weird message like `#<FailedBulb:0x0000000907b4b8>`. Give a better message so we can easily understand why it's failing to save/destroy.
551 lines
21 KiB
Ruby
551 lines
21 KiB
Ruby
module ActiveRecord
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# = Active Record Persistence
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module Persistence
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extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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module ClassMethods
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# Creates an object (or multiple objects) and saves it to the database, if validations pass.
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# The resulting object is returned whether the object was saved successfully to the database or not.
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#
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# The +attributes+ parameter can be either a Hash or an Array of Hashes. These Hashes describe the
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# attributes on the objects that are to be created.
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#
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# ==== Examples
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# # Create a single new object
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# User.create(first_name: 'Jamie')
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#
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# # Create an Array of new objects
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# User.create([{ first_name: 'Jamie' }, { first_name: 'Jeremy' }])
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#
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# # Create a single object and pass it into a block to set other attributes.
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# User.create(first_name: 'Jamie') do |u|
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# u.is_admin = false
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# end
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#
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# # Creating an Array of new objects using a block, where the block is executed for each object:
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# User.create([{ first_name: 'Jamie' }, { first_name: 'Jeremy' }]) do |u|
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# u.is_admin = false
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# end
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def create(attributes = nil, &block)
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if attributes.is_a?(Array)
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attributes.collect { |attr| create(attr, &block) }
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else
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object = new(attributes, &block)
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object.save
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object
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end
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end
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# Creates an object (or multiple objects) and saves it to the database,
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# if validations pass. Raises a RecordInvalid error if validations fail,
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# unlike Base#create.
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#
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# The +attributes+ parameter can be either a Hash or an Array of Hashes.
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# These describe which attributes to be created on the object, or
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# multiple objects when given an Array of Hashes.
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def create!(attributes = nil, &block)
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if attributes.is_a?(Array)
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attributes.collect { |attr| create!(attr, &block) }
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else
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object = new(attributes, &block)
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object.save!
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object
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end
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end
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# Given an attributes hash, +instantiate+ returns a new instance of
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# the appropriate class. Accepts only keys as strings.
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#
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# For example, +Post.all+ may return Comments, Messages, and Emails
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# by storing the record's subclass in a +type+ attribute. By calling
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# +instantiate+ instead of +new+, finder methods ensure they get new
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# instances of the appropriate class for each record.
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#
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# See +ActiveRecord::Inheritance#discriminate_class_for_record+ to see
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# how this "single-table" inheritance mapping is implemented.
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def instantiate(attributes, column_types = {})
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klass = discriminate_class_for_record(attributes)
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attributes = klass.attributes_builder.build_from_database(attributes, column_types)
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klass.allocate.init_with('attributes' => attributes, 'new_record' => false)
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end
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private
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# Called by +instantiate+ to decide which class to use for a new
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# record instance.
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#
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# See +ActiveRecord::Inheritance#discriminate_class_for_record+ for
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# the single-table inheritance discriminator.
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def discriminate_class_for_record(record)
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self
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end
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end
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# Returns true if this object hasn't been saved yet -- that is, a record
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# for the object doesn't exist in the database yet; otherwise, returns false.
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def new_record?
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sync_with_transaction_state
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@new_record
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end
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# Returns true if this object has been destroyed, otherwise returns false.
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def destroyed?
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sync_with_transaction_state
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@destroyed
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end
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# Returns true if the record is persisted, i.e. it's not a new record and it was
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# not destroyed, otherwise returns false.
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def persisted?
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sync_with_transaction_state
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!(@new_record || @destroyed)
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end
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# Saves the model.
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#
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# If the model is new a record gets created in the database, otherwise
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# the existing record gets updated.
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#
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# By default, save always run validations. If any of them fail the action
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# is cancelled and +save+ returns +false+. However, if you supply
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# validate: false, validations are bypassed altogether. See
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# ActiveRecord::Validations for more information.
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#
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# By default, #save also sets the +updated_at+/+updated_on+ attributes to
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# the current time. However, if you supply <tt>touch: false</tt>, these
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# timestamps will not be updated.
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#
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# There's a series of callbacks associated with #save. If any of the
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# <tt>before_*</tt> callbacks throws +:abort+ the action is cancelled and
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# #save returns +false+. See ActiveRecord::Callbacks for further
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# details.
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#
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# Attributes marked as readonly are silently ignored if the record is
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# being updated.
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def save(*args)
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create_or_update(*args)
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rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
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false
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end
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# Saves the model.
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#
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# If the model is new, a record gets created in the database, otherwise
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# the existing record gets updated.
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#
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# With <tt>save!</tt> validations always run. If any of them fail
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# ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid gets raised. See ActiveRecord::Validations
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# for more information.
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#
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# By default, #save! also sets the +updated_at+/+updated_on+ attributes to
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# the current time. However, if you supply <tt>touch: false</tt>, these
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# timestamps will not be updated.
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#
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# There's a series of callbacks associated with #save!. If any of
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# the <tt>before_*</tt> callbacks throws +:abort+ the action is cancelled
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# and #save! raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved. See
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# ActiveRecord::Callbacks for further details.
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#
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# Attributes marked as readonly are silently ignored if the record is
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# being updated.
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def save!(*args)
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create_or_update(*args) || raise(RecordNotSaved.new("Failed to save the record", self))
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end
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# Deletes the record in the database and freezes this instance to
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# reflect that no changes should be made (since they can't be
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# persisted). Returns the frozen instance.
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#
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# The row is simply removed with an SQL +DELETE+ statement on the
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# record's primary key, and no callbacks are executed.
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#
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# Note that this will also delete records marked as <tt>readonly?</tt>.
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#
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# To enforce the object's +before_destroy+ and +after_destroy+
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# callbacks or any <tt>:dependent</tt> association
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# options, use <tt>#destroy</tt>.
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def delete
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self.class.delete(id) if persisted?
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@destroyed = true
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freeze
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end
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# Deletes the record in the database and freezes this instance to reflect
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# that no changes should be made (since they can't be persisted).
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#
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# There's a series of callbacks associated with #destroy. If the
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# <tt>before_destroy</tt> callback throws +:abort+ the action is cancelled
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# and #destroy returns +false+.
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# See ActiveRecord::Callbacks for further details.
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def destroy
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raise ReadOnlyRecord, "#{self.class} is marked as readonly" if readonly?
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destroy_associations
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self.class.connection.add_transaction_record(self)
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destroy_row if persisted?
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@destroyed = true
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freeze
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end
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# Deletes the record in the database and freezes this instance to reflect
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# that no changes should be made (since they can't be persisted).
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#
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# There's a series of callbacks associated with #destroy!. If the
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# <tt>before_destroy</tt> callback throws +:abort+ the action is cancelled
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# and #destroy! raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotDestroyed.
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# See ActiveRecord::Callbacks for further details.
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def destroy!
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destroy || raise(RecordNotDestroyed.new("Failed to destroy the record", self))
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end
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# Returns an instance of the specified +klass+ with the attributes of the
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# current record. This is mostly useful in relation to single-table
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# inheritance structures where you want a subclass to appear as the
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# superclass. This can be used along with record identification in
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# Action Pack to allow, say, <tt>Client < Company</tt> to do something
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# like render <tt>partial: @client.becomes(Company)</tt> to render that
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# instance using the companies/company partial instead of clients/client.
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#
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# Note: The new instance will share a link to the same attributes as the original class.
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# Therefore the sti column value will still be the same.
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# Any change to the attributes on either instance will affect both instances.
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# If you want to change the sti column as well, use +becomes!+ instead.
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def becomes(klass)
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became = klass.new
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became.instance_variable_set("@attributes", @attributes)
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changed_attributes = @changed_attributes if defined?(@changed_attributes)
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became.instance_variable_set("@changed_attributes", changed_attributes || {})
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became.instance_variable_set("@new_record", new_record?)
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became.instance_variable_set("@destroyed", destroyed?)
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became.instance_variable_set("@errors", errors)
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became
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end
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# Wrapper around +becomes+ that also changes the instance's sti column value.
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# This is especially useful if you want to persist the changed class in your
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# database.
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#
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# Note: The old instance's sti column value will be changed too, as both objects
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# share the same set of attributes.
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def becomes!(klass)
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became = becomes(klass)
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sti_type = nil
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if !klass.descends_from_active_record?
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sti_type = klass.sti_name
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end
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became.public_send("#{klass.inheritance_column}=", sti_type)
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became
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end
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# Updates a single attribute and saves the record.
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# This is especially useful for boolean flags on existing records. Also note that
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#
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# * Validation is skipped.
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# * Callbacks are invoked.
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# * updated_at/updated_on column is updated if that column is available.
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# * Updates all the attributes that are dirty in this object.
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#
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# This method raises an +ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError+ if the
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# attribute is marked as readonly.
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#
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# See also +update_column+.
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def update_attribute(name, value)
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name = name.to_s
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verify_readonly_attribute(name)
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public_send("#{name}=", value)
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save(validate: false) if changed?
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end
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# Updates the attributes of the model from the passed-in hash and saves the
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# record, all wrapped in a transaction. If the object is invalid, the saving
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# will fail and false will be returned.
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def update(attributes)
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# The following transaction covers any possible database side-effects of the
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# attributes assignment. For example, setting the IDs of a child collection.
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with_transaction_returning_status do
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assign_attributes(attributes)
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save
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end
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end
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alias update_attributes update
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# Updates its receiver just like +update+ but calls <tt>save!</tt> instead
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# of +save+, so an exception is raised if the record is invalid.
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def update!(attributes)
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# The following transaction covers any possible database side-effects of the
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# attributes assignment. For example, setting the IDs of a child collection.
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with_transaction_returning_status do
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assign_attributes(attributes)
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save!
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end
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end
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alias update_attributes! update!
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# Equivalent to <code>update_columns(name => value)</code>.
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def update_column(name, value)
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update_columns(name => value)
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end
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# Updates the attributes directly in the database issuing an UPDATE SQL
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# statement and sets them in the receiver:
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#
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# user.update_columns(last_request_at: Time.current)
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#
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# This is the fastest way to update attributes because it goes straight to
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# the database, but take into account that in consequence the regular update
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# procedures are totally bypassed. In particular:
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#
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# * Validations are skipped.
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# * Callbacks are skipped.
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# * +updated_at+/+updated_on+ are not updated.
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#
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# This method raises an +ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError+ when called on new
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# objects, or when at least one of the attributes is marked as readonly.
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def update_columns(attributes)
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raise ActiveRecordError, "cannot update a new record" if new_record?
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raise ActiveRecordError, "cannot update a destroyed record" if destroyed?
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attributes.each_key do |key|
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verify_readonly_attribute(key.to_s)
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end
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updated_count = self.class.unscoped.where(self.class.primary_key => id).update_all(attributes)
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attributes.each do |k, v|
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raw_write_attribute(k, v)
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end
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updated_count == 1
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end
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# Initializes +attribute+ to zero if +nil+ and adds the value passed as +by+ (default is 1).
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# The increment is performed directly on the underlying attribute, no setter is invoked.
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# Only makes sense for number-based attributes. Returns +self+.
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def increment(attribute, by = 1)
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self[attribute] ||= 0
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self[attribute] += by
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self
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end
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# Wrapper around +increment+ that saves the record. This method differs from
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# its non-bang version in that it passes through the attribute setter.
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# Saving is not subjected to validation checks. Returns +true+ if the
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# record could be saved.
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def increment!(attribute, by = 1)
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increment(attribute, by).update_attribute(attribute, self[attribute])
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end
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# Initializes +attribute+ to zero if +nil+ and subtracts the value passed as +by+ (default is 1).
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# The decrement is performed directly on the underlying attribute, no setter is invoked.
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# Only makes sense for number-based attributes. Returns +self+.
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def decrement(attribute, by = 1)
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self[attribute] ||= 0
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self[attribute] -= by
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self
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end
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# Wrapper around +decrement+ that saves the record. This method differs from
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# its non-bang version in that it passes through the attribute setter.
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# Saving is not subjected to validation checks. Returns +true+ if the
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# record could be saved.
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def decrement!(attribute, by = 1)
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decrement(attribute, by).update_attribute(attribute, self[attribute])
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end
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# Assigns to +attribute+ the boolean opposite of <tt>attribute?</tt>. So
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# if the predicate returns +true+ the attribute will become +false+. This
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# method toggles directly the underlying value without calling any setter.
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# Returns +self+.
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def toggle(attribute)
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self[attribute] = !public_send("#{attribute}?")
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self
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end
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# Wrapper around +toggle+ that saves the record. This method differs from
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# its non-bang version in that it passes through the attribute setter.
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# Saving is not subjected to validation checks. Returns +true+ if the
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# record could be saved.
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def toggle!(attribute)
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toggle(attribute).update_attribute(attribute, self[attribute])
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end
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# Reloads the record from the database.
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#
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# This method finds record by its primary key (which could be assigned manually) and
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# modifies the receiver in-place:
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#
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# account = Account.new
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# # => #<Account id: nil, email: nil>
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# account.id = 1
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# account.reload
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# # Account Load (1.2ms) SELECT "accounts".* FROM "accounts" WHERE "accounts"."id" = $1 LIMIT 1 [["id", 1]]
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# # => #<Account id: 1, email: 'account@example.com'>
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#
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# Attributes are reloaded from the database, and caches busted, in
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# particular the associations cache.
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#
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# If the record no longer exists in the database <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt>
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# is raised. Otherwise, in addition to the in-place modification the method
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# returns +self+ for convenience.
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#
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# The optional <tt>:lock</tt> flag option allows you to lock the reloaded record:
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#
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# reload(lock: true) # reload with pessimistic locking
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#
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# Reloading is commonly used in test suites to test something is actually
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# written to the database, or when some action modifies the corresponding
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# row in the database but not the object in memory:
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#
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# assert account.deposit!(25)
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# assert_equal 25, account.credit # check it is updated in memory
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# assert_equal 25, account.reload.credit # check it is also persisted
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#
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# Another common use case is optimistic locking handling:
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#
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# def with_optimistic_retry
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# begin
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# yield
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# rescue ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError
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# begin
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# # Reload lock_version in particular.
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# reload
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# rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
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# # If the record is gone there is nothing to do.
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# else
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# retry
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# end
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# end
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# end
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#
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def reload(options = nil)
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fresh_object =
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if options && options[:lock]
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self.class.unscoped { self.class.lock(options[:lock]).find(id) }
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else
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self.class.unscoped { self.class.find(id) }
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end
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@attributes = fresh_object.instance_variable_get('@attributes')
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@new_record = false
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self
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end
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# Saves the record with the updated_at/on attributes set to the current time
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# or the time specified.
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# Please note that no validation is performed and only the +after_touch+,
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# +after_commit+ and +after_rollback+ callbacks are executed.
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#
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# This method can be passed attribute names and an optional time argument.
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# If attribute names are passed, they are updated along with updated_at/on
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# attributes. If no time argument is passed, the current time is used as default.
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#
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# product.touch # updates updated_at/on with current time
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# product.touch(time: Time.new(2015, 2, 16, 0, 0, 0)) # updates updated_at/on with specified time
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# product.touch(:designed_at) # updates the designed_at attribute and updated_at/on
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# product.touch(:started_at, :ended_at) # updates started_at, ended_at and updated_at/on attributes
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#
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# If used along with +belongs_to+ then +touch+ will invoke +touch+ method on
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# associated object.
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#
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# class Brake < ActiveRecord::Base
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# belongs_to :car, touch: true
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# end
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#
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# class Car < ActiveRecord::Base
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# belongs_to :corporation, touch: true
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# end
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#
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# # triggers @brake.car.touch and @brake.car.corporation.touch
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# @brake.touch
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#
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# Note that +touch+ must be used on a persisted object, or else an
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# ActiveRecordError will be thrown. For example:
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#
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# ball = Ball.new
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# ball.touch(:updated_at) # => raises ActiveRecordError
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#
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def touch(*names, time: nil)
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raise ActiveRecordError, "cannot touch on a new record object" unless persisted?
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time ||= current_time_from_proper_timezone
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attributes = timestamp_attributes_for_update_in_model
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attributes.concat(names)
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unless attributes.empty?
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changes = {}
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attributes.each do |column|
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column = column.to_s
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changes[column] = write_attribute(column, time)
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end
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clear_attribute_changes(changes.keys)
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primary_key = self.class.primary_key
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scope = self.class.unscoped.where(primary_key => _read_attribute(primary_key))
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|
|
if locking_enabled?
|
|
locking_column = self.class.locking_column
|
|
scope = scope.where(locking_column => _read_attribute(locking_column))
|
|
changes[locking_column] = increment_lock
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
result = scope.update_all(changes) == 1
|
|
|
|
if !result && locking_enabled?
|
|
raise ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError.new(self, "touch")
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
result
|
|
else
|
|
true
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
private
|
|
|
|
# A hook to be overridden by association modules.
|
|
def destroy_associations
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def destroy_row
|
|
relation_for_destroy.delete_all
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def relation_for_destroy
|
|
self.class.unscoped.where(self.class.primary_key => id)
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def create_or_update(*args)
|
|
raise ReadOnlyRecord, "#{self.class} is marked as readonly" if readonly?
|
|
result = new_record? ? _create_record : _update_record(*args)
|
|
result != false
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Updates the associated record with values matching those of the instance attributes.
|
|
# Returns the number of affected rows.
|
|
def _update_record(attribute_names = self.attribute_names)
|
|
attributes_values = arel_attributes_with_values_for_update(attribute_names)
|
|
if attributes_values.empty?
|
|
0
|
|
else
|
|
self.class.unscoped._update_record attributes_values, id, id_was
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Creates a record with values matching those of the instance attributes
|
|
# and returns its id.
|
|
def _create_record(attribute_names = self.attribute_names)
|
|
attributes_values = arel_attributes_with_values_for_create(attribute_names)
|
|
|
|
new_id = self.class.unscoped.insert attributes_values
|
|
self.id ||= new_id if self.class.primary_key
|
|
|
|
@new_record = false
|
|
id
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
def verify_readonly_attribute(name)
|
|
raise ActiveRecordError, "#{name} is marked as readonly" if self.class.readonly_attributes.include?(name)
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|