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d3060af7f5
The `_trigger_update_callback` and `_trigger_destroy_callback`
attributes were added in 9252da9659 to
avoid running transactional callbacks when an attempt to modify a record
fails inside a transaction due to the record being invalid, for example.
However the values weren't being reset between transactions, which meant
they leaked from one transaction to another and caused false positives
where unsuccessful modifications still triggered callbacks. Clearing
them when a transaction commits or is rolled back fixes the problem.
493 lines
20 KiB
Ruby
493 lines
20 KiB
Ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
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module ActiveRecord
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# See ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods for documentation.
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module Transactions
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extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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#:nodoc:
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ACTIONS = [:create, :destroy, :update]
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included do
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define_callbacks :commit, :rollback,
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:before_commit,
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:before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment,
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:commit_without_transaction_enrollment,
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:rollback_without_transaction_enrollment,
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scope: [:kind, :name]
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end
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# = Active Record Transactions
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#
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# \Transactions are protective blocks where SQL statements are only permanent
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# if they can all succeed as one atomic action. The classic example is a
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# transfer between two accounts where you can only have a deposit if the
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# withdrawal succeeded and vice versa. \Transactions enforce the integrity of
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# the database and guard the data against program errors or database
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# break-downs. So basically you should use transaction blocks whenever you
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# have a number of statements that must be executed together or not at all.
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#
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# For example:
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#
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# ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
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# david.withdrawal(100)
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# mary.deposit(100)
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# end
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#
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# This example will only take money from David and give it to Mary if neither
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# +withdrawal+ nor +deposit+ raise an exception. Exceptions will force a
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# ROLLBACK that returns the database to the state before the transaction
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# began. Be aware, though, that the objects will _not_ have their instance
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# data returned to their pre-transactional state.
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#
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# == Different Active Record classes in a single transaction
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#
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# Though the #transaction class method is called on some Active Record class,
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# the objects within the transaction block need not all be instances of
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# that class. This is because transactions are per-database connection, not
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# per-model.
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#
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# In this example a +balance+ record is transactionally saved even
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# though #transaction is called on the +Account+ class:
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#
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# Account.transaction do
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# balance.save!
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# account.save!
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# end
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#
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# The #transaction method is also available as a model instance method.
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# For example, you can also do this:
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#
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# balance.transaction do
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# balance.save!
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# account.save!
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# end
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#
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# == Transactions are not distributed across database connections
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#
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# A transaction acts on a single database connection. If you have
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# multiple class-specific databases, the transaction will not protect
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# interaction among them. One workaround is to begin a transaction
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# on each class whose models you alter:
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#
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# Student.transaction do
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# Course.transaction do
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# course.enroll(student)
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# student.units += course.units
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# end
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# end
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#
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# This is a poor solution, but fully distributed transactions are beyond
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# the scope of Active Record.
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#
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# == +save+ and +destroy+ are automatically wrapped in a transaction
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#
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# Both {#save}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#save] and
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# {#destroy}[rdoc-ref:Persistence#destroy] come wrapped in a transaction that ensures
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# that whatever you do in validations or callbacks will happen under its
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# protected cover. So you can use validations to check for values that
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# the transaction depends on or you can raise exceptions in the callbacks
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# to rollback, including <tt>after_*</tt> callbacks.
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#
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# As a consequence changes to the database are not seen outside your connection
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# until the operation is complete. For example, if you try to update the index
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# of a search engine in +after_save+ the indexer won't see the updated record.
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# The #after_commit callback is the only one that is triggered once the update
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# is committed. See below.
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#
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# == Exception handling and rolling back
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#
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# Also have in mind that exceptions thrown within a transaction block will
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# be propagated (after triggering the ROLLBACK), so you should be ready to
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# catch those in your application code.
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#
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# One exception is the ActiveRecord::Rollback exception, which will trigger
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# a ROLLBACK when raised, but not be re-raised by the transaction block.
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#
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# *Warning*: one should not catch ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid exceptions
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# inside a transaction block. ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid exceptions indicate that an
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# error occurred at the database level, for example when a unique constraint
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# is violated. On some database systems, such as PostgreSQL, database errors
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# inside a transaction cause the entire transaction to become unusable
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# until it's restarted from the beginning. Here is an example which
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# demonstrates the problem:
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#
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# # Suppose that we have a Number model with a unique column called 'i'.
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# Number.transaction do
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# Number.create(i: 0)
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# begin
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# # This will raise a unique constraint error...
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# Number.create(i: 0)
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# rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
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# # ...which we ignore.
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# end
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#
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# # On PostgreSQL, the transaction is now unusable. The following
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# # statement will cause a PostgreSQL error, even though the unique
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# # constraint is no longer violated:
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# Number.create(i: 1)
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# # => "PG::Error: ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands
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# # ignored until end of transaction block"
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# end
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#
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# One should restart the entire transaction if an
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# ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid occurred.
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#
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# == Nested transactions
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#
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# #transaction calls can be nested. By default, this makes all database
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# statements in the nested transaction block become part of the parent
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# transaction. For example, the following behavior may be surprising:
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#
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# User.transaction do
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# User.create(username: 'Kotori')
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# User.transaction do
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# User.create(username: 'Nemu')
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# raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
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# end
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# end
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#
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# creates both "Kotori" and "Nemu". Reason is the ActiveRecord::Rollback
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# exception in the nested block does not issue a ROLLBACK. Since these exceptions
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# are captured in transaction blocks, the parent block does not see it and the
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# real transaction is committed.
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#
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# In order to get a ROLLBACK for the nested transaction you may ask for a real
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# sub-transaction by passing <tt>requires_new: true</tt>. If anything goes wrong,
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# the database rolls back to the beginning of the sub-transaction without rolling
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# back the parent transaction. If we add it to the previous example:
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#
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# User.transaction do
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# User.create(username: 'Kotori')
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# User.transaction(requires_new: true) do
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# User.create(username: 'Nemu')
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# raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
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# end
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# end
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#
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# only "Kotori" is created.
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#
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# Most databases don't support true nested transactions. At the time of
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# writing, the only database that we're aware of that supports true nested
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# transactions, is MS-SQL. Because of this, Active Record emulates nested
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# transactions by using savepoints. See
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# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/savepoint.html
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# for more information about savepoints.
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#
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# === \Callbacks
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#
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# There are two types of callbacks associated with committing and rolling back transactions:
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# #after_commit and #after_rollback.
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#
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# #after_commit callbacks are called on every record saved or destroyed within a
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# transaction immediately after the transaction is committed. #after_rollback callbacks
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# are called on every record saved or destroyed within a transaction immediately after the
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# transaction or savepoint is rolled back.
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#
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# These callbacks are useful for interacting with other systems since you will be guaranteed
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# that the callback is only executed when the database is in a permanent state. For example,
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# #after_commit is a good spot to put in a hook to clearing a cache since clearing it from
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# within a transaction could trigger the cache to be regenerated before the database is updated.
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#
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# === Caveats
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#
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# If you're on MySQL, then do not use Data Definition Language (DDL) operations in nested
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# transactions blocks that are emulated with savepoints. That is, do not execute statements
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# like 'CREATE TABLE' inside such blocks. This is because MySQL automatically
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# releases all savepoints upon executing a DDL operation. When +transaction+
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# is finished and tries to release the savepoint it created earlier, a
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# database error will occur because the savepoint has already been
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# automatically released. The following example demonstrates the problem:
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#
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# Model.connection.transaction do # BEGIN
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# Model.connection.transaction(requires_new: true) do # CREATE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
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# Model.connection.create_table(...) # active_record_1 now automatically released
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# end # RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
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# # ^^^^ BOOM! database error!
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# end
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#
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# Note that "TRUNCATE" is also a MySQL DDL statement!
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module ClassMethods
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# See the ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseStatements#transaction API docs.
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def transaction(**options, &block)
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connection.transaction(**options, &block)
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end
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def before_commit(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
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set_callback(:before_commit, :before, *args, &block)
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end
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# This callback is called after a record has been created, updated, or destroyed.
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#
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# You can specify that the callback should only be fired by a certain action with
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# the +:on+ option:
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#
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# after_commit :do_foo, on: :create
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# after_commit :do_bar, on: :update
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# after_commit :do_baz, on: :destroy
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#
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# after_commit :do_foo_bar, on: [:create, :update]
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# after_commit :do_bar_baz, on: [:update, :destroy]
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#
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def after_commit(*args, &block)
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
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set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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# Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]</tt>.
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def after_save_commit(*args, &block)
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: [ :create, :update ])
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set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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# Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: :create</tt>.
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def after_create_commit(*args, &block)
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: :create)
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set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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# Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: :update</tt>.
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def after_update_commit(*args, &block)
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: :update)
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set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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# Shortcut for <tt>after_commit :hook, on: :destroy</tt>.
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def after_destroy_commit(*args, &block)
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args, on: :destroy)
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set_callback(:commit, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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# This callback is called after a create, update, or destroy are rolled back.
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#
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# Please check the documentation of #after_commit for options.
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def after_rollback(*args, &block)
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
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set_callback(:rollback, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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def before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
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set_callback(:before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment, :before, *args, &block)
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end
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def after_commit_without_transaction_enrollment(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
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set_callback(:commit_without_transaction_enrollment, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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def after_rollback_without_transaction_enrollment(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
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set_options_for_callbacks!(args)
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set_callback(:rollback_without_transaction_enrollment, :after, *args, &block)
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end
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private
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def set_options_for_callbacks!(args, enforced_options = {})
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options = args.extract_options!.merge!(enforced_options)
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args << options
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if options[:on]
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fire_on = Array(options[:on])
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assert_valid_transaction_action(fire_on)
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options[:if] = Array(options[:if])
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options[:if].unshift(-> { transaction_include_any_action?(fire_on) })
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end
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end
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def assert_valid_transaction_action(actions)
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if (actions - ACTIONS).any?
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raise ArgumentError, ":on conditions for after_commit and after_rollback callbacks have to be one of #{ACTIONS}"
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end
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end
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end
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# See ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods for detailed documentation.
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def transaction(**options, &block)
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self.class.transaction(**options, &block)
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end
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def destroy #:nodoc:
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with_transaction_returning_status { super }
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end
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def save(*, **) #:nodoc:
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with_transaction_returning_status { super }
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end
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def save!(*, **) #:nodoc:
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with_transaction_returning_status { super }
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end
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def touch(*, **) #:nodoc:
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with_transaction_returning_status { super }
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end
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def before_committed! # :nodoc:
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_run_before_commit_without_transaction_enrollment_callbacks
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_run_before_commit_callbacks
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end
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# Call the #after_commit callbacks.
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#
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# Ensure that it is not called if the object was never persisted (failed create),
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# but call it after the commit of a destroyed object.
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def committed!(should_run_callbacks: true) #:nodoc:
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force_clear_transaction_record_state
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if should_run_callbacks
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@_committed_already_called = true
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_run_commit_without_transaction_enrollment_callbacks
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_run_commit_callbacks
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end
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ensure
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@_committed_already_called = @_trigger_update_callback = @_trigger_destroy_callback = false
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end
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# Call the #after_rollback callbacks. The +force_restore_state+ argument indicates if the record
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# state should be rolled back to the beginning or just to the last savepoint.
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def rolledback!(force_restore_state: false, should_run_callbacks: true) #:nodoc:
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if should_run_callbacks
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_run_rollback_callbacks
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_run_rollback_without_transaction_enrollment_callbacks
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end
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ensure
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restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state)
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clear_transaction_record_state
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@_trigger_update_callback = @_trigger_destroy_callback = false if force_restore_state
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end
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# Executes +method+ within a transaction and captures its return value as a
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# status flag. If the status is true the transaction is committed, otherwise
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# a ROLLBACK is issued. In any case the status flag is returned.
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#
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# This method is available within the context of an ActiveRecord::Base
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# instance.
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def with_transaction_returning_status
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status = nil
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self.class.transaction do
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if has_transactional_callbacks?
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add_to_transaction
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else
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sync_with_transaction_state if @transaction_state&.finalized?
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@transaction_state = self.class.connection.transaction_state
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end
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remember_transaction_record_state
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status = yield
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raise ActiveRecord::Rollback unless status
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end
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status
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end
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def trigger_transactional_callbacks? # :nodoc:
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(@_new_record_before_last_commit || _trigger_update_callback) && persisted? ||
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_trigger_destroy_callback && destroyed?
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end
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private
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attr_reader :_committed_already_called, :_trigger_update_callback, :_trigger_destroy_callback
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# Save the new record state and id of a record so it can be restored later if a transaction fails.
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def remember_transaction_record_state
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@_start_transaction_state ||= {
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id: id,
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new_record: @new_record,
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destroyed: @destroyed,
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attributes: @attributes,
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frozen?: frozen?,
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level: 0
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}
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@_start_transaction_state[:level] += 1
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if _committed_already_called
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@_new_record_before_last_commit = false
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else
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@_new_record_before_last_commit = @_start_transaction_state[:new_record]
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end
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end
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# Clear the new record state and id of a record.
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def clear_transaction_record_state
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return unless @_start_transaction_state
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@_start_transaction_state[:level] -= 1
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force_clear_transaction_record_state if @_start_transaction_state[:level] < 1
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end
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# Force to clear the transaction record state.
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def force_clear_transaction_record_state
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@_start_transaction_state = nil
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@transaction_state = nil
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end
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# Restore the new record state and id of a record that was previously saved by a call to save_record_state.
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def restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state = false)
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if restore_state = @_start_transaction_state
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if force_restore_state || restore_state[:level] <= 1
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@new_record = restore_state[:new_record]
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@destroyed = restore_state[:destroyed]
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@attributes = restore_state[:attributes].map do |attr|
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value = @attributes.fetch_value(attr.name)
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attr = attr.with_value_from_user(value) if attr.value != value
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attr
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end
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@mutations_from_database = nil
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@mutations_before_last_save = nil
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if @attributes.fetch_value(@primary_key) != restore_state[:id]
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@attributes.write_from_user(@primary_key, restore_state[:id])
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end
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freeze if restore_state[:frozen?]
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end
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end
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end
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# Determine if a transaction included an action for :create, :update, or :destroy. Used in filtering callbacks.
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def transaction_include_any_action?(actions)
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actions.any? do |action|
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case action
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when :create
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persisted? && @_new_record_before_last_commit
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when :update
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!(@_new_record_before_last_commit || destroyed?) && _trigger_update_callback
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when :destroy
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_trigger_destroy_callback
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end
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end
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end
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# Add the record to the current transaction so that the #after_rollback and #after_commit
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# callbacks can be called.
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def add_to_transaction
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self.class.connection.add_transaction_record(self)
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end
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def has_transactional_callbacks?
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!_rollback_callbacks.empty? || !_commit_callbacks.empty? || !_before_commit_callbacks.empty?
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end
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# Updates the attributes on this particular Active Record object so that
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# if it's associated with a transaction, then the state of the Active Record
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# object will be updated to reflect the current state of the transaction.
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#
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# The <tt>@transaction_state</tt> variable stores the states of the associated
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# transaction. This relies on the fact that a transaction can only be in
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# one rollback or commit (otherwise a list of states would be required).
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# Each Active Record object inside of a transaction carries that transaction's
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# TransactionState.
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#
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# This method checks to see if the ActiveRecord object's state reflects
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# the TransactionState, and rolls back or commits the Active Record object
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# as appropriate.
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def sync_with_transaction_state
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if transaction_state = @transaction_state
|
|
if transaction_state.fully_committed?
|
|
force_clear_transaction_record_state
|
|
elsif transaction_state.committed?
|
|
clear_transaction_record_state
|
|
elsif transaction_state.rolledback?
|
|
force_restore_state = transaction_state.fully_rolledback?
|
|
restore_transaction_record_state(force_restore_state)
|
|
clear_transaction_record_state
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|