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98 lines
5.1 KiB
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98 lines
5.1 KiB
Text
= Welcome to \Rails
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== What's \Rails
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\Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to
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create database-backed web applications according to the
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{Model-View-Controller (MVC)}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller]
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pattern.
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Understanding the MVC pattern is key to understanding \Rails. MVC divides your
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application into three layers: Model, View, and Controller, each with a specific responsibility.
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== Model layer
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The <em><b>Model layer</b></em> represents the domain model (such as Account, Product,
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Person, Post, etc.) and encapsulates the business logic specific to
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your application. In \Rails, database-backed model classes are derived from
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<tt>ActiveRecord::Base</tt>. {Active Record}[link:files/activerecord/README_rdoc.html] allows you to present the data from
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database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic
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methods. Although most \Rails models are backed by a database, models can also be ordinary
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Ruby classes, or Ruby classes that implement a set of interfaces as provided by
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the {Active Model}[link:files/activemodel/README_rdoc.html] module.
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== Controller layer
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The <em><b>Controller layer</b></em> is responsible for handling incoming HTTP requests and
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providing a suitable response. Usually this means returning \HTML, but \Rails controllers
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can also generate XML, JSON, PDFs, mobile-specific views, and more. Controllers load and
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manipulate models, and render view templates in order to generate the appropriate HTTP response.
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In \Rails, incoming requests are routed by Action Dispatch to an appropriate controller, and
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controller classes are derived from <tt>ActionController::Base</tt>. Action Dispatch and Action Controller
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are bundled together in {Action Pack}[link:files/actionpack/README_rdoc.html].
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== View layer
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The <em><b>View layer</b></em> is composed of "templates" that are responsible for providing
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appropriate representations of your application's resources. Templates can
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come in a variety of formats, but most view templates are \HTML with embedded
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Ruby code (ERB files). Views are typically rendered to generate a controller response,
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or to generate the body of an email. In \Rails, View generation is handled by {Action View}[link:files/actionview/README_rdoc.html].
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== Frameworks and libraries
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{Active Record}[link:files/activerecord/README_rdoc.html], {Active Model}[link:files/activemodel/README_rdoc.html],
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{Action Pack}[link:files/actionpack/README_rdoc.html], and {Action View}[link:files/actionview/README_rdoc.html] can each be used independently outside \Rails.
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In addition to that, \Rails also comes with {Action Mailer}[link:files/actionmailer/README_rdoc.html], a library
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to generate and send emails; {Action Mailbox}[link:files/actionmailbox/README_md.html], a library to receive emails within a Rails application;
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{Active Job}[link:files/activejob/README_md.html], a framework for declaring jobs and making them run on a variety of queueing
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backends; {Action Cable}[link:files/actioncable/README_md.html], a framework to
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integrate WebSockets with a \Rails application; {Active Storage}[link:files/activestorage/README_md.html],
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a library to attach cloud and local files to \Rails applications; {Action Text}[link:files/actiontext/README_md.html], a library to handle rich text content;
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and {Active Support}[link:files/activesupport/README_rdoc.html], a collection
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of utility classes and standard library extensions that are useful for \Rails,
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and may also be used independently outside \Rails.
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== Getting Started
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1. Install \Rails at the command prompt if you haven't yet:
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$ gem install rails
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2. At the command prompt, create a new \Rails application:
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$ rails new myapp
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where "myapp" is the application name.
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3. Change directory to +myapp+ and start the web server:
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$ cd myapp
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$ rails server
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Run with <tt>--help</tt> or <tt>-h</tt> for options.
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4. Go to <tt>http://localhost:3000</tt> and you'll see: "Yay! You’re on \Rails!"
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5. Follow the guidelines to start developing your application. You may find the following resources handy:
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* The \README file created within your application.
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* {Getting Started with \Rails}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html].
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* {Ruby on \Rails Guides}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org].
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* {The API Documentation}[https://api.rubyonrails.org].
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* {Ruby on \Rails Tutorial}[https://www.railstutorial.org/book].
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== Contributing
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We encourage you to contribute to Ruby on \Rails! Please check out the
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{Contributing to Ruby on \Rails guide}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html] for guidelines about how to proceed. {Join us!}[http://contributors.rubyonrails.org]
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Trying to report a possible security vulnerability in \Rails? Please
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check out our {security policy}[https://rubyonrails.org/security/] for
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guidelines about how to proceed.
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Everyone interacting in \Rails and its sub-projects' codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the \Rails {code of conduct}[http://rubyonrails.org/conduct/].
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== License
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Ruby on \Rails is released under the {MIT License}[https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT].
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