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62cfbdf36e
This is an alternative of #29722. Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute. Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types. Closes #29722. See also #29601, #32048, #32148.
312 lines
12 KiB
Ruby
312 lines
12 KiB
Ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
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require "active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access"
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module ActiveRecord
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# == Single table inheritance
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#
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# Active Record allows inheritance by storing the name of the class in a column that by
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# default is named "type" (can be changed by overwriting <tt>Base.inheritance_column</tt>).
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# This means that an inheritance looking like this:
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#
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# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base; end
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# class Firm < Company; end
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# class Client < Company; end
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# class PriorityClient < Client; end
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#
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# When you do <tt>Firm.create(name: "37signals")</tt>, this record will be saved in
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# the companies table with type = "Firm". You can then fetch this row again using
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# <tt>Company.where(name: '37signals').first</tt> and it will return a Firm object.
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#
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# Be aware that because the type column is an attribute on the record every new
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# subclass will instantly be marked as dirty and the type column will be included
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# in the list of changed attributes on the record. This is different from non
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# Single Table Inheritance(STI) classes:
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#
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# Company.new.changed? # => false
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# Firm.new.changed? # => true
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# Firm.new.changes # => {"type"=>["","Firm"]}
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#
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# If you don't have a type column defined in your table, single-table inheritance won't
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# be triggered. In that case, it'll work just like normal subclasses with no special magic
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# for differentiating between them or reloading the right type with find.
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#
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# Note, all the attributes for all the cases are kept in the same table. Read more:
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# https://www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/singleTableInheritance.html
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#
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module Inheritance
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extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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included do
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class_attribute :store_full_class_name, instance_writer: false, default: true
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# Determines whether to store the full constant name including namespace when using STI.
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# This is true, by default.
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class_attribute :store_full_sti_class, instance_writer: false, default: true
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end
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module ClassMethods
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# Determines if one of the attributes passed in is the inheritance column,
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# and if the inheritance column is attr accessible, it initializes an
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# instance of the given subclass instead of the base class.
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def new(attributes = nil, &block)
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if abstract_class? || self == Base
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raise NotImplementedError, "#{self} is an abstract class and cannot be instantiated."
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end
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if _has_attribute?(inheritance_column)
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subclass = subclass_from_attributes(attributes)
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if subclass.nil? && scope_attributes = current_scope&.scope_for_create
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subclass = subclass_from_attributes(scope_attributes)
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end
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if subclass.nil? && base_class?
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subclass = subclass_from_attributes(column_defaults)
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end
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end
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if subclass && subclass != self
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subclass.new(attributes, &block)
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else
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super
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end
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end
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# Returns +true+ if this does not need STI type condition. Returns
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# +false+ if STI type condition needs to be applied.
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def descends_from_active_record?
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if self == Base
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false
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elsif superclass.abstract_class?
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superclass.descends_from_active_record?
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else
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superclass == Base || !columns_hash.include?(inheritance_column)
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end
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end
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def finder_needs_type_condition? #:nodoc:
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# This is like this because benchmarking justifies the strange :false stuff
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:true == (@finder_needs_type_condition ||= descends_from_active_record? ? :false : :true)
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end
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# Returns the class descending directly from ActiveRecord::Base, or
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# an abstract class, if any, in the inheritance hierarchy.
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#
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# If A extends ActiveRecord::Base, A.base_class will return A. If B descends from A
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# through some arbitrarily deep hierarchy, B.base_class will return A.
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#
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# If B < A and C < B and if A is an abstract_class then both B.base_class
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# and C.base_class would return B as the answer since A is an abstract_class.
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def base_class
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unless self < Base
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raise ActiveRecordError, "#{name} doesn't belong in a hierarchy descending from ActiveRecord"
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end
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if superclass == Base || superclass.abstract_class?
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self
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else
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superclass.base_class
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end
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end
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# Returns whether the class is a base class.
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# See #base_class for more information.
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def base_class?
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base_class == self
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end
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# Set this to +true+ if this is an abstract class (see
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# <tt>abstract_class?</tt>).
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# If you are using inheritance with Active Record and don't want a class
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# to be considered as part of the STI hierarchy, you must set this to
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# true.
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# +ApplicationRecord+, for example, is generated as an abstract class.
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#
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# Consider the following default behaviour:
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#
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# Shape = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
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# Polygon = Class.new(Shape)
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# Square = Class.new(Polygon)
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#
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# Shape.table_name # => "shapes"
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# Polygon.table_name # => "shapes"
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# Square.table_name # => "shapes"
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# Shape.create! # => #<Shape id: 1, type: nil>
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# Polygon.create! # => #<Polygon id: 2, type: "Polygon">
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# Square.create! # => #<Square id: 3, type: "Square">
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#
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# However, when using <tt>abstract_class</tt>, +Shape+ is omitted from
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# the hierarchy:
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#
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# class Shape < ActiveRecord::Base
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# self.abstract_class = true
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# end
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# Polygon = Class.new(Shape)
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# Square = Class.new(Polygon)
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#
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# Shape.table_name # => nil
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# Polygon.table_name # => "polygons"
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# Square.table_name # => "polygons"
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# Shape.create! # => NotImplementedError: Shape is an abstract class and cannot be instantiated.
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# Polygon.create! # => #<Polygon id: 1, type: nil>
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# Square.create! # => #<Square id: 2, type: "Square">
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#
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# Note that in the above example, to disallow the creation of a plain
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# +Polygon+, you should use <tt>validates :type, presence: true</tt>,
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# instead of setting it as an abstract class. This way, +Polygon+ will
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# stay in the hierarchy, and Active Record will continue to correctly
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# derive the table name.
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attr_accessor :abstract_class
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# Returns whether this class is an abstract class or not.
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def abstract_class?
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defined?(@abstract_class) && @abstract_class == true
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end
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# Returns the value to be stored in the inheritance column for STI.
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def sti_name
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store_full_sti_class && store_full_class_name ? name : name.demodulize
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end
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# Returns the class for the provided +type_name+.
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#
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# It is used to find the class correspondent to the value stored in the inheritance column.
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def sti_class_for(type_name)
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if store_full_sti_class && store_full_class_name
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ActiveSupport::Dependencies.constantize(type_name)
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else
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compute_type(type_name)
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end
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rescue NameError
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raise SubclassNotFound,
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"The single-table inheritance mechanism failed to locate the subclass: '#{type_name}'. " \
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"This error is raised because the column '#{inheritance_column}' is reserved for storing the class in case of inheritance. " \
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"Please rename this column if you didn't intend it to be used for storing the inheritance class " \
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"or overwrite #{name}.inheritance_column to use another column for that information."
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end
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# Returns the value to be stored in the polymorphic type column for Polymorphic Associations.
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def polymorphic_name
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store_full_class_name ? base_class.name : base_class.name.demodulize
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end
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# Returns the class for the provided +name+.
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#
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# It is used to find the class correspondent to the value stored in the polymorphic type column.
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def polymorphic_class_for(name)
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if store_full_class_name
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ActiveSupport::Dependencies.constantize(name)
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else
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compute_type(name)
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end
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end
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def inherited(subclass)
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subclass.instance_variable_set(:@_type_candidates_cache, Concurrent::Map.new)
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super
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end
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protected
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# Returns the class type of the record using the current module as a prefix. So descendants of
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# MyApp::Business::Account would appear as MyApp::Business::AccountSubclass.
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def compute_type(type_name)
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if type_name.start_with?("::")
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# If the type is prefixed with a scope operator then we assume that
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# the type_name is an absolute reference.
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ActiveSupport::Dependencies.constantize(type_name)
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else
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type_candidate = @_type_candidates_cache[type_name]
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if type_candidate && type_constant = ActiveSupport::Dependencies.safe_constantize(type_candidate)
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return type_constant
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end
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# Build a list of candidates to search for
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candidates = []
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name.scan(/::|$/) { candidates.unshift "#{$`}::#{type_name}" }
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candidates << type_name
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candidates.each do |candidate|
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constant = ActiveSupport::Dependencies.safe_constantize(candidate)
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if candidate == constant.to_s
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@_type_candidates_cache[type_name] = candidate
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return constant
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end
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end
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raise NameError.new("uninitialized constant #{candidates.first}", candidates.first)
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end
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end
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private
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# Called by +instantiate+ to decide which class to use for a new
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# record instance. For single-table inheritance, we check the record
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# for a +type+ column and return the corresponding class.
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def discriminate_class_for_record(record)
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if using_single_table_inheritance?(record)
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find_sti_class(record[inheritance_column])
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else
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super
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end
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end
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def using_single_table_inheritance?(record)
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record[inheritance_column].present? && _has_attribute?(inheritance_column)
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end
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def find_sti_class(type_name)
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type_name = base_class.type_for_attribute(inheritance_column).cast(type_name)
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subclass = sti_class_for(type_name)
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unless subclass == self || descendants.include?(subclass)
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raise SubclassNotFound, "Invalid single-table inheritance type: #{subclass.name} is not a subclass of #{name}"
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end
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subclass
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end
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def type_condition(table = arel_table)
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sti_column = table[inheritance_column]
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sti_names = ([self] + descendants).map(&:sti_name)
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predicate_builder.build(sti_column, sti_names)
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end
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# Detect the subclass from the inheritance column of attrs. If the inheritance column value
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# is not self or a valid subclass, raises ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound
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def subclass_from_attributes(attrs)
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attrs = attrs.to_h if attrs.respond_to?(:permitted?)
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if attrs.is_a?(Hash)
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subclass_name = attrs[inheritance_column] || attrs[inheritance_column.to_sym]
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if subclass_name.present?
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find_sti_class(subclass_name)
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end
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end
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end
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end
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def initialize_dup(other)
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super
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ensure_proper_type
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end
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private
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def initialize_internals_callback
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super
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ensure_proper_type
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end
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# Sets the attribute used for single table inheritance to this class name if this is not the
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# ActiveRecord::Base descendant.
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# Considering the hierarchy Reply < Message < ActiveRecord::Base, this makes it possible to
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# do Reply.new without having to set <tt>Reply[Reply.inheritance_column] = "Reply"</tt> yourself.
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# No such attribute would be set for objects of the Message class in that example.
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def ensure_proper_type
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klass = self.class
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if klass.finder_needs_type_condition?
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_write_attribute(klass.inheritance_column, klass.sti_name)
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end
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end
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end
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end
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