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228 lines
7.7 KiB
Ruby
228 lines
7.7 KiB
Ruby
require 'rack/chunked'
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module ActionController #:nodoc:
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# Allows views to be streamed back to the client as they are rendered.
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#
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# The default way Rails renders views is by first rendering the template
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# and then the layout. The response is sent to the client after the whole
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# template is rendered, all queries are made, and the layout is processed.
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#
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# Streaming inverts the rendering flow by rendering the layout first and
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# streaming each part of the layout as they are processed. This allows the
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# header of the HTML (which is usually in the layout) to be streamed back
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# to client very quickly, allowing JavaScripts and stylesheets to be loaded
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# earlier than usual.
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#
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# This approach was introduced in Rails 3.1 and is still improving. Several
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# Rack middlewares may not work and you need to be careful when streaming.
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# Those points are going to be addressed soon.
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#
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# In order to use streaming, you will need to use a Ruby version that
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# supports fibers (fibers are supported since version 1.9.2 of the main
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# Ruby implementation).
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#
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# == Examples
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#
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# Streaming can be added to a given template easily, all you need to do is
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# to pass the :stream option.
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#
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# class PostsController
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# def index
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# @posts = Post.scoped
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# render :stream => true
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# end
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# end
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#
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# == When to use streaming
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#
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# Streaming may be considered to be overkill for lightweight actions like
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# +new+ or +edit+. The real benefit of streaming is on expensive actions
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# that, for example, do a lot of queries on the database.
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#
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# In such actions, you want to delay queries execution as much as you can.
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# For example, imagine the following +dashboard+ action:
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#
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# def dashboard
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# @posts = Post.all
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# @pages = Page.all
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# @articles = Article.all
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# end
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#
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# Most of the queries here are happening in the controller. In order to benefit
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# from streaming you would want to rewrite it as:
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#
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# def dashboard
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# # Allow lazy execution of the queries
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# @posts = Post.scoped
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# @pages = Page.scoped
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# @articles = Article.scoped
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# render :stream => true
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# end
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#
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# Notice that :stream only works with templates. Rendering :json
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# or :xml with :stream won't work.
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#
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# == Communication between layout and template
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#
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# When streaming, rendering happens top-down instead of inside-out.
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# Rails starts with the layout, and the template is rendered later,
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# when its +yield+ is reached.
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#
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# This means that, if your application currently relies on instance
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# variables set in the template to be used in the layout, they won't
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# work once you move to streaming. The proper way to communicate
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# between layout and template, regardless of whether you use streaming
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# or not, is by using +content_for+, +provide+ and +yield+.
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#
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# Take a simple example where the layout expects the template to tell
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# which title to use:
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#
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# <html>
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# <head><title><%= yield :title %></title></head>
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# <body><%= yield %></body>
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# </html>
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#
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# You would use +content_for+ in your template to specify the title:
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#
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# <%= content_for :title, "Main" %>
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# Hello
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#
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# And the final result would be:
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#
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# <html>
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# <head><title>Main</title></head>
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# <body>Hello</body>
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# </html>
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#
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# However, if +content_for+ is called several times, the final result
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# would have all calls concatenated. For instance, if we have the following
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# template:
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#
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# <%= content_for :title, "Main" %>
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# Hello
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# <%= content_for :title, " page" %>
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#
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# The final result would be:
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#
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# <html>
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# <head><title>Main page</title></head>
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# <body>Hello</body>
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# </html>
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#
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# This means that, if you have <code>yield :title</code> in your layout
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# and you want to use streaming, you would have to render the whole template
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# (and eventually trigger all queries) before streaming the title and all
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# assets, which kills the purpose of streaming. For this reason Rails 3.1
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# introduces a new helper called +provide+ that does the same as +content_for+
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# but tells the layout to stop searching for other entries and continue rendering.
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#
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# For instance, the template above using +provide+ would be:
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#
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# <%= provide :title, "Main" %>
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# Hello
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# <%= content_for :title, " page" %>
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#
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# Giving:
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#
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# <html>
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# <head><title>Main</title></head>
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# <body>Hello</body>
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# </html>
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#
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# That said, when streaming, you need to properly check your templates
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# and choose when to use +provide+ and +content_for+.
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#
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# == Headers, cookies, session and flash
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#
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# When streaming, the HTTP headers are sent to the client right before
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# it renders the first line. This means that, modifying headers, cookies,
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# session or flash after the template starts rendering will not propagate
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# to the client.
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#
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# If you try to modify cookies, session or flash, an <tt>ActionDispatch::ClosedError</tt>
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# will be raised, showing those objects are closed for modification.
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#
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# == Middlewares
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#
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# Middlewares that need to manipulate the body won't work with streaming.
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# You should disable those middlewares whenever streaming in development
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# or production. For instance, <tt>Rack::Bug</tt> won't work when streaming as it
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# needs to inject contents in the HTML body.
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#
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# Also <tt>Rack::Cache</tt> won't work with streaming as it does not support
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# streaming bodies yet. Whenever streaming Cache-Control is automatically
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# set to "no-cache".
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#
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# == Errors
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#
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# When it comes to streaming, exceptions get a bit more complicated. This
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# happens because part of the template was already rendered and streamed to
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# the client, making it impossible to render a whole exception page.
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#
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# Currently, when an exception happens in development or production, Rails
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# will automatically stream to the client:
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#
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# "><script>window.location = "/500.html"</script></html>
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#
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# The first two characters (">) are required in case the exception happens
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# while rendering attributes for a given tag. You can check the real cause
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# for the exception in your logger.
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#
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# == Web server support
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#
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# Not all web servers support streaming out-of-the-box. You need to check
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# the instructions for each of them.
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#
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# ==== Unicorn
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#
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# Unicorn supports streaming but it needs to be configured. For this, you
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# need to create a config file as follow:
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#
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# # unicorn.config.rb
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# listen 3000, :tcp_nopush => false
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#
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# And use it on initialization:
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#
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# unicorn_rails --config-file unicorn.config.rb
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#
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# You may also want to configure other parameters like <tt>:tcp_nodelay</tt>.
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# Please check its documentation for more information: http://unicorn.bogomips.org/Unicorn/Configurator.html#method-i-listen
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#
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# If you are using Unicorn with Nginx, you may need to tweak Nginx.
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# Streaming should work out of the box on Rainbows.
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#
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# ==== Passenger
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#
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# To be described.
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#
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module Streaming
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extend ActiveSupport::Concern
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include AbstractController::Rendering
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protected
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# Set proper cache control and transfer encoding when streaming
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def _process_options(options) #:nodoc:
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super
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if options[:stream]
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if env["HTTP_VERSION"] == "HTTP/1.0"
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options.delete(:stream)
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else
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headers["Cache-Control"] ||= "no-cache"
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headers["Transfer-Encoding"] = "chunked"
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headers.delete("Content-Length")
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end
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end
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end
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# Call render_body if we are streaming instead of usual +render+.
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def _render_template(options) #:nodoc:
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if options.delete(:stream)
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Rack::Chunked::Body.new view_renderer.render_body(view_context, options)
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else
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super
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end
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end
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end
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end
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