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267 lines
8.4 KiB
Text
267 lines
8.4 KiB
Text
= REST Client -- simple DSL for accessing HTTP and REST resources
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A simple HTTP and REST client for Ruby, inspired by the Sinatra's microframework style
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of specifying actions: get, put, post, delete.
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* Main page: http://github.com/archiloque/rest-client
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* Mailing list: rest.client@librelist.com (send a mail to subscribe).
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* IRC: #rest-client at freenode
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== Usage: Raw URL
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require 'rest_client'
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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RestClient.get 'https://user:password@example.com/private/resource'
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RestClient.post 'http://example.com/resource', :param1 => 'one', :nested => { :param2 => 'two' }
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RestClient.post "http://example.com/resource", { 'x' => 1 }.to_json, :content_type => :json, :accept => :json
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RestClient.delete 'http://example.com/resource'
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response = RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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response.code
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➔ 200
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response.cookies
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➔ {"Foo"=>"BAR", "QUUX"=>"QUUUUX"}
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response.headers
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➔ {:content_type=>"text/html; charset=utf-8", :cache_control=>"private" ...
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response.to_str
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➔ \n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"\n \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">\n\n<html ....
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RestClient.post( url,
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{
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:transfer => {
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:path => '/foo/bar',
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:owner => 'that_guy',
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:group => 'those_guys'
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},
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:upload => {
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:file => File.new(path, 'rb')
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}
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})
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== Multipart
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Yeah, that's right! This does multipart sends for you!
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RestClient.post '/data', :myfile => File.new("/path/to/image.jpg", 'rb')
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This does two things for you:
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* Auto-detects that you have a File value sends it as multipart
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* Auto-detects the mime of the file and sets it in the HEAD of the payload for each entry
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If you are sending params that do not contain a File object but the payload needs to be multipart then:
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RestClient.post '/data', :foo => 'bar', :multipart => true
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== Usage: ActiveResource-Style
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resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'http://example.com/resource'
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resource.get
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private_resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'https://example.com/private/resource', 'user', 'pass'
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private_resource.put File.read('pic.jpg'), :content_type => 'image/jpg'
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See RestClient::Resource module docs for details.
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== Usage: Resource Nesting
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site = RestClient::Resource.new('http://example.com')
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site['posts/1/comments'].post 'Good article.', :content_type => 'text/plain'
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See RestClient::Resource docs for details.
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== Exceptions (see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html)
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* for results code between 200 and 207 a RestClient::Response will be returned
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* for results code 301 and 302 the redirection will be followed if the request is a get or a head
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* for result code 303 the redirection will be followed and the request transformed into a get
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* for other cases a RestClient::Exception holding the Response will be raised, a specific exception class will be thrown for know error codes
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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➔ RestClient::ResourceNotFound: RestClient::ResourceNotFound
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begin
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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rescue => e
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e.response
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end
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➔ 404 Resource Not Found | text/html 282 bytes
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== Result handling
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A block can be passed to the RestClient method, this block will then be called with the Response.
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Response.return! can be called to invoke the default response's behavior.
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# Don't raise exceptions but return the response
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RestClient.get('http://example.com/resource'){|response, request| response }
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➔ 404 Resource Not Found | text/html 282 bytes
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# Manage a specific error code
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RestClient.get('http://my-rest-service.com/resource'){ |response, request, &block|
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case response.code
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when 200
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p "It worked !"
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response
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when 423
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raise SomeCustomExceptionIfYouWant
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else
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response.return!(request, &block)
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end
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}
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# Follow redirections for all request types and not only for get and head
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# RFC : "If the 301 (or 302) status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD,
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# the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user,
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# since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued."
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RestClient.get('http://my-rest-service.com/resource'){ |response, request, &block|
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if [301, 302].include? response.code
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response.follow_redirection(request, &block)
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else
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response.return!(request, &block)
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end
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}
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== Non-normalized URIs.
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If you want to use non-normalized URIs, you can normalize them with the addressable gem (http://addressable.rubyforge.org/api/).
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require 'addressable/uri'
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RestClient.get(Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/").normalize.to_str)
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== Lower-level access
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For cases not covered by the general API, you can use the RestClient::Resource class which provide a lower-level API, see the class' rdoc for more information.
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== Shell
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The restclient shell command gives an IRB session with RestClient already loaded:
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$ restclient
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>> RestClient.get 'http://example.com'
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Specify a URL argument for get/post/put/delete on that resource:
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$ restclient http://example.com
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>> put '/resource', 'data'
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Add a user and password for authenticated resources:
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$ restclient https://example.com user pass
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>> delete '/private/resource'
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Create ~/.restclient for named sessions:
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sinatra:
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url: http://localhost:4567
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rack:
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url: http://localhost:9292
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private_site:
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url: http://example.com
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username: user
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password: pass
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Then invoke:
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$ restclient private_site
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Use as a one-off, curl-style:
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$ restclient get http://example.com/resource > output_body
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$ restclient put http://example.com/resource < input_body
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== Logging
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To enable logging you can
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* set RestClient.log with a ruby Logger
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* or set an environment variable to avoid modifying the code (in this case you can use a file name, "stdout" or "stderr"):
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$ RESTCLIENT_LOG=stdout path/to/my/program
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Either produces logs like this:
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RestClient.get "http://some/resource"
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# => 200 OK | text/html 250 bytes
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RestClient.put "http://some/resource", "payload"
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# => 401 Unauthorized | application/xml 340 bytes
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Note that these logs are valid Ruby, so you can paste them into the restclient
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shell or a script to replay your sequence of rest calls.
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== Proxy
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All calls to RestClient, including Resources, will use the proxy specified by
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RestClient.proxy:
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RestClient.proxy = "http://proxy.example.com/"
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RestClient.get "http://some/resource"
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# => response from some/resource as proxied through proxy.example.com
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Often the proxy url is set in an environment variable, so you can do this to
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use whatever proxy the system is configured to use:
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RestClient.proxy = ENV['http_proxy']
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== Cookies
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Request and Response objects know about HTTP cookies, and will automatically
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extract and set headers for them as needed:
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response = RestClient.get 'http://example.com/action_which_sets_session_id'
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response.cookies
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# => {"_applicatioN_session_id" => "1234"}
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response2 = RestClient.post(
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'http://localhost:3000/',
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{:param1 => "foo"},
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{:cookies => {:session_id => "1234"}}
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)
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# ...response body
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== SSL Client Certificates
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RestClient::Resource.new(
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'https://example.com',
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:ssl_client_cert => OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read("cert.pem")),
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:ssl_client_key => OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read("key.pem"), "passphrase, if any"),
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:ssl_ca_file => "ca_certificate.pem",
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:verify_ssl => OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
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).get
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Self-signed certificates can be generated with the openssl command-line tool.
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== Hook
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RestClient.add_before_execution_proc add a Proc to be called before each execution, it's handy if you need a direct access to the http request.
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Example:
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# Add oath support using the oauth gem
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require 'oauth'
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access_token = ...
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RestClient.add_before_execution_proc do |req, params|
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access_token.sign! req
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end
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com'
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== More
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Need caching, more advanced logging or any ability provided by a rack middleware ?
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Have a look at rest-client-components http://github.com/crohr/rest-client-components
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== Meta
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Written by Adam Wiggins, major modifications by Blake Mizerany, maintained by Julien Kirch
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Patches contributed by many, including Chris Anderson, Greg Borenstein, Ardekantur, Pedro Belo, Rafael Souza, Rick Olson, Aman Gupta, François Beausoleil and Nick Plante.
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Released under the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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