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322 lines
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322 lines
10 KiB
Text
= REST Client -- simple DSL for accessing HTTP and REST resources
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Build status: {<img src="https://travis-ci.org/rest-client/rest-client.png" />}[https://travis-ci.org/rest-client/rest-client]
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A simple HTTP and REST client for Ruby, inspired by the Sinatra's microframework style
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of specifying actions: get, put, post, delete.
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* Main page: http://github.com/rest-client/rest-client
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* Mailing list: rest.client@librelist.com (send a mail to subscribe).
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== Requirements
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MRI Ruby 1.9.2 and newer are supported. Alternative interpreters compatible with
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1.9.1+ should work as well.
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Ruby 1.8.7 is no longer supported. That's because the Ruby 1.8.7 interpreter
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itself no longer has official support, _not_ _even_ _security_ _patches!_ If you
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have been putting off upgrading your servers, now is the time.
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({More info is on the Ruby developers'
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blog.}[http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/06/30/we-retire-1-8-7/])
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The rest-client gem depends on these other gems for installation and usage:
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* {mime-types}[http://rubygems.org/gems/mime-types]
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* {netrc}[http://rubygems.org/gems/netrc]
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* {rdoc}[http://rubygems.org/gems/rdoc]
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If you want to hack on the code, you should also have {the Bundler
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gem}[http://bundler.io/] installed so it can manage all necessary development
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dependencies for you.
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== Usage: Raw URL
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require 'rest_client'
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource', {:params => {:id => 50, 'foo' => 'bar'}}
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RestClient.get 'https://user:password@example.com/private/resource', {:accept => :json}
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RestClient.post 'http://example.com/resource', :param1 => 'one', :nested => { :param2 => 'two' }
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RestClient.post "http://example.com/resource", { 'x' => 1 }.to_json, :content_type => :json, :accept => :json
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RestClient.delete 'http://example.com/resource'
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response = RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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response.code
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➔ 200
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response.cookies
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➔ {"Foo"=>"BAR", "QUUX"=>"QUUUUX"}
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response.headers
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➔ {:content_type=>"text/html; charset=utf-8", :cache_control=>"private" ...
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response.to_str
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➔ \n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"\n \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">\n\n<html ....
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RestClient.post( url,
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{
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:transfer => {
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:path => '/foo/bar',
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:owner => 'that_guy',
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:group => 'those_guys'
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},
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:upload => {
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:file => File.new(path, 'rb')
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}
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})
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== Multipart
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Yeah, that's right! This does multipart sends for you!
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RestClient.post '/data', :myfile => File.new("/path/to/image.jpg", 'rb')
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This does two things for you:
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* Auto-detects that you have a File value sends it as multipart
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* Auto-detects the mime of the file and sets it in the HEAD of the payload for each entry
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If you are sending params that do not contain a File object but the payload needs to be multipart then:
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RestClient.post '/data', {:foo => 'bar', :multipart => true}
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== Usage: ActiveResource-Style
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resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'http://example.com/resource'
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resource.get
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private_resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'https://example.com/private/resource', 'user', 'pass'
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private_resource.put File.read('pic.jpg'), :content_type => 'image/jpg'
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See RestClient::Resource module docs for details.
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== Usage: Resource Nesting
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site = RestClient::Resource.new('http://example.com')
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site['posts/1/comments'].post 'Good article.', :content_type => 'text/plain'
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See RestClient::Resource docs for details.
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== Exceptions (see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html)
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* for result codes between 200 and 207, a RestClient::Response will be returned
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* for result codes 301, 302 or 307, the redirection will be followed if the request is a GET or a HEAD
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* for result code 303, the redirection will be followed and the request transformed into a GET
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* for other cases, a RestClient::Exception holding the Response will be raised; a specific exception class will be thrown for known error codes
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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➔ RestClient::ResourceNotFound: RestClient::ResourceNotFound
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begin
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
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rescue => e
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e.response
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end
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➔ 404 Resource Not Found | text/html 282 bytes
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== Result handling
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A block can be passed to the RestClient method. This block will then be called with the Response.
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Response.return! can be called to invoke the default response's behavior.
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# Don't raise exceptions but return the response
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RestClient.get('http://example.com/resource'){|response, request, result| response }
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➔ 404 Resource Not Found | text/html 282 bytes
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# Manage a specific error code
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RestClient.get('http://my-rest-service.com/resource'){ |response, request, result, &block|
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case response.code
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when 200
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p "It worked !"
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response
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when 423
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raise SomeCustomExceptionIfYouWant
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else
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response.return!(request, result, &block)
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end
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}
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# Follow redirections for all request types and not only for get and head
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# RFC : "If the 301, 302 or 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD,
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# the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user,
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# since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued."
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RestClient.get('http://my-rest-service.com/resource'){ |response, request, result, &block|
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if [301, 302, 307].include? response.code
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response.follow_redirection(request, result, &block)
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else
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response.return!(request, result, &block)
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end
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}
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== Non-normalized URIs
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If you need to normalize URIs, e.g. to work with International Resource Identifiers (IRIs),
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use the addressable gem (http://addressable.rubyforge.org/api/) in your code:
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require 'addressable/uri'
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RestClient.get(Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/").normalize.to_str)
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== Lower-level access
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For cases not covered by the general API, you can use the RestClient::Request class, which provides a lower-level API.
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You can:
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* specify ssl parameters
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* override cookies
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* manually handle the response (e.g. to operate on it as a stream rather than reading it all into memory)
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See RestClient::Request's documentation for more information.
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== Shell
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The restclient shell command gives an IRB session with RestClient already loaded:
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$ restclient
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>> RestClient.get 'http://example.com'
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Specify a URL argument for get/post/put/delete on that resource:
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$ restclient http://example.com
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>> put '/resource', 'data'
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Add a user and password for authenticated resources:
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$ restclient https://example.com user pass
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>> delete '/private/resource'
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Create ~/.restclient for named sessions:
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sinatra:
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url: http://localhost:4567
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rack:
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url: http://localhost:9292
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private_site:
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url: http://example.com
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username: user
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password: pass
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Then invoke:
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$ restclient private_site
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Use as a one-off, curl-style:
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$ restclient get http://example.com/resource > output_body
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$ restclient put http://example.com/resource < input_body
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== Logging
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To enable logging you can:
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* set RestClient.log with a Ruby Logger, or
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* set an environment variable to avoid modifying the code (in this case you can use a file name, "stdout" or "stderr"):
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$ RESTCLIENT_LOG=stdout path/to/my/program
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Either produces logs like this:
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RestClient.get "http://some/resource"
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# => 200 OK | text/html 250 bytes
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RestClient.put "http://some/resource", "payload"
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# => 401 Unauthorized | application/xml 340 bytes
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Note that these logs are valid Ruby, so you can paste them into the restclient
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shell or a script to replay your sequence of rest calls.
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== Proxy
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All calls to RestClient, including Resources, will use the proxy specified by
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RestClient.proxy:
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RestClient.proxy = "http://proxy.example.com/"
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RestClient.get "http://some/resource"
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# => response from some/resource as proxied through proxy.example.com
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Often the proxy URL is set in an environment variable, so you can do this to
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use whatever proxy the system is configured to use:
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RestClient.proxy = ENV['http_proxy']
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== Query parameters
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Request objects know about query parameters and will automatically add them to
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the URL for GET, HEAD and DELETE requests, escaping the keys and values as needed:
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource', :params => {:foo => 'bar', :baz => 'qux'}
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# will GET http://example.com/resource?foo=bar&baz=qux
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== Cookies
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Request and Response objects know about HTTP cookies, and will automatically
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extract and set headers for them as needed:
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response = RestClient.get 'http://example.com/action_which_sets_session_id'
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response.cookies
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# => {"_applicatioN_session_id" => "1234"}
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response2 = RestClient.post(
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'http://localhost:3000/',
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{:param1 => "foo"},
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{:cookies => {:session_id => "1234"}}
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)
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# ...response body
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== SSL Client Certificates
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RestClient::Resource.new(
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'https://example.com',
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:ssl_client_cert => OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read("cert.pem")),
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:ssl_client_key => OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read("key.pem"), "passphrase, if any"),
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:ssl_ca_file => "ca_certificate.pem",
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:verify_ssl => OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
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).get
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Self-signed certificates can be generated with the openssl command-line tool.
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== Hook
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RestClient.add_before_execution_proc add a Proc to be called before each execution.
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It's handy if you need direct access to the HTTP request.
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Example:
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# Add oauth support using the oauth gem
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require 'oauth'
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access_token = ...
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RestClient.add_before_execution_proc do |req, params|
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access_token.sign! req
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end
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RestClient.get 'http://example.com'
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== More
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Need caching, more advanced logging or any ability provided by Rack middleware?
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Have a look at rest-client-components: http://github.com/crohr/rest-client-components
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== Credits
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REST Client Team:: Matthew Manning, Lawrence Leonard Gilbert
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Creator:: Adam Wiggins
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Maintainer Emeritus:: Julien Kirch
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Major contributions:: Blake Mizerany, Julien Kirch
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Patches contributed by many, including Chris Anderson, Greg Borenstein, Ardekantur, Pedro Belo, Rafael Souza, Rick Olson, Aman Gupta, François Beausoleil and Nick Plante.
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== Legal
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Released under the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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"Master Shake" photo (http://www.flickr.com/photos/solgrundy/924205581/) by
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"SolGrundy"; used under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0
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Generic license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)
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