ruby--ruby/test/ruby/test_jit.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'test/unit'
require 'tmpdir'
require_relative '../lib/jit_support'

return if RbConfig::CONFIG["MJIT_SUPPORT"] == 'no'

# Test for --jit option
class TestJIT < Test::Unit::TestCase
  include JITSupport

  IGNORABLE_PATTERNS = [
    /\AJIT recompile: .+\n\z/,
    /\AJIT inline: .+\n\z/,
    /\ASuccessful MJIT finish\n\z/,
  ]

  # trace_* insns are not compiled for now...
  TEST_PENDING_INSNS = RubyVM::INSTRUCTION_NAMES.select { |n| n.start_with?('trace_') }.map(&:to_sym) + [
    # not supported yet
    :defineclass,
    :opt_call_c_function,

    # joke
    :bitblt,
    :answer,

    # TODO: write tests for them
    :reput,
    :tracecoverage,
  ]

  def self.untested_insns
    @untested_insns ||= (RubyVM::INSTRUCTION_NAMES.map(&:to_sym) - TEST_PENDING_INSNS)
  end

  def setup
    unless JITSupport.supported?
      skip 'JIT seems not supported on this platform'
    end

    # ruby -w -Itest/lib test/ruby/test_jit.rb
    if $VERBOSE && !defined?(@@at_exit_hooked)
      at_exit do
        unless TestJIT.untested_insns.empty?
          warn "you may want to add tests for following insns, when you have a chance: #{TestJIT.untested_insns.join(' ')}"
        end
      end
      @@at_exit_hooked = true
    end
  end

  def test_compile_insn_nop
    assert_compile_once('nil rescue true', result_inspect: 'nil', insns: %i[nop])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_local
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[setlocal_WC_0 getlocal_WC_0])
    begin;
      foo = 1
      foo
    end;

    insns = %i[setlocal getlocal setlocal_WC_0 getlocal_WC_0 setlocal_WC_1 getlocal_WC_1]
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", success_count: 3, stdout: '168', insns: insns)
    begin;
      def foo
        a = 0
        [1, 2].each do |i|
          a += i
          [3, 4].each do |j|
            a *= j
          end
        end
        a
      end

      print foo
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_blockparam
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '3', success_count: 2, insns: %i[getblockparam setblockparam])
    begin;
      def foo(&b)
        a = b
        b = 2
        a.call + 2
      end

      print foo { 1 }
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_getblockparamproxy
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '4', success_count: 3, insns: %i[getblockparamproxy])
    begin;
      def bar(&b)
        b.call
      end

      def foo(&b)
        bar(&b) * bar(&b)
      end

      print foo { 2 }
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_getspecial
    assert_compile_once('$1', result_inspect: 'nil', insns: %i[getspecial])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_setspecial
    verbose_bak, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[setspecial])
    begin;
      true if nil.nil?..nil.nil?
    end;
  ensure
    $VERBOSE = verbose_bak
  end

  def test_compile_insn_instancevariable
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[getinstancevariable setinstancevariable])
    begin;
      @foo = 1
      @foo
    end;

    # optimized getinstancevariable call
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '33', success_count: 1, min_calls: 2)
    begin;
      class A
        def initialize
          @a = 1
          @b = 2
        end

        def three
          @a + @b
        end
      end

      a = A.new
      print(a.three) # set ic
      print(a.three) # inlined ic
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_classvariable
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '1', success_count: 1, insns: %i[getclassvariable setclassvariable])
    begin;
      class Foo
        def self.foo
          @@foo = 1
          @@foo
        end
      end

      print Foo.foo
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_constant
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[getconstant setconstant])
    begin;
      FOO = 1
      FOO
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_global
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[getglobal setglobal])
    begin;
      $foo = 1
      $foo
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_putnil
    assert_compile_once('nil', result_inspect: 'nil', insns: %i[putnil])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_putself
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: 'hello', success_count: 1, insns: %i[putself])
    begin;
      proc { print "hello" }.call
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_putobject
    assert_compile_once('0', result_inspect: '0', insns: %i[putobject_INT2FIX_0_])
    assert_compile_once('1', result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[putobject_INT2FIX_1_])
    assert_compile_once('2', result_inspect: '2', insns: %i[putobject])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_definemethod_definesmethod
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: 'helloworld', success_count: 3, insns: %i[definemethod definesmethod])
    begin;
      print 1.times.map {
        def method_definition
          'hello'
        end

        def self.smethod_definition
          'world'
        end

        method_definition + smethod_definition
      }.join
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_putspecialobject
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: 'a', success_count: 2, insns: %i[putspecialobject])
    begin;
      print 1.times.map {
        def a
          'a'
        end

        alias :b :a

        b
      }.join
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_putstring_concatstrings_tostring
    assert_compile_once('"a#{}b" + "c"', result_inspect: '"abc"', insns: %i[putstring concatstrings tostring])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_freezestring
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", stdout: 'true', success_count: 1, insns: %i[freezestring])
    begin;
      # frozen_string_literal: true
      print proc { "#{true}".frozen? }.call
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_toregexp
    assert_compile_once('/#{true}/ =~ "true"', result_inspect: '0', insns: %i[toregexp])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_newarray
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '[1, 2, 3]', insns: %i[newarray])
    begin;
      a, b, c = 1, 2, 3
      [a, b, c]
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_intern_duparray
    assert_compile_once('[:"#{0}"] + [1,2,3]', result_inspect: '[:"0", 1, 2, 3]', insns: %i[intern duparray])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_expandarray
    assert_compile_once('y = [ true, false, nil ]; x, = y; x', result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[expandarray])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_concatarray
    assert_compile_once('["t", "r", *x = "u", "e"].join', result_inspect: '"true"', insns: %i[concatarray])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_splatarray
    assert_compile_once('[*(1..2)]', result_inspect: '[1, 2]', insns: %i[splatarray])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_newhash
    assert_compile_once('a = 1; { a: a }', result_inspect: '{:a=>1}', insns: %i[newhash])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_duphash
    assert_compile_once('{ a: 1 }', result_inspect: '{:a=>1}', insns: %i[duphash])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_newrange
    assert_compile_once('a = 1; 0..a', result_inspect: '0..1', insns: %i[newrange])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_pop
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[pop])
    begin;
      a = false
      b = 1
      a || b
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_dup
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '3', insns: %i[dup])
    begin;
      a = 1
      a&.+(2)
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_dupn
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[dupn])
    begin;
      klass = Class.new
      klass::X ||= true
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_swap_topn
    assert_compile_once('{}["true"] = true', result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[swap topn])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_reverse
    assert_compile_once('q, (w, e), r = 1, [2, 3], 4; [q, w, e, r]', result_inspect: '[1, 2, 3, 4]', insns: %i[reverse])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_reput
    skip "write test"
  end

  def test_compile_insn_setn
    assert_compile_once('[nil][0] = 1', result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[setn])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_adjuststack
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[adjuststack])
    begin;
      x = [true]
      x[0] ||= nil
      x[0]
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_defined
    assert_compile_once('defined?(a)', result_inspect: 'nil', insns: %i[defined])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_checkkeyword
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: 'true', success_count: 1, insns: %i[checkkeyword])
    begin;
      def test(x: rand)
        x
      end
      print test(x: true)
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_tracecoverage
    skip "write test"
  end

  def test_compile_insn_defineclass
    skip "support this in mjit_compile (low priority)"
  end

  def test_compile_insn_send
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '1', success_count: 2, insns: %i[send])
    begin;
      print proc { yield_self { 1 } }.call
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_str_freeze
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '"foo"', insns: %i[opt_str_freeze])
    begin;
      'foo'.freeze
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_nil_p
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: 'false', insns: %i[opt_nil_p])
    begin;
      nil.nil?.nil?
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_str_uminus
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '"bar"', insns: %i[opt_str_uminus])
    begin;
      -'bar'
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_newarray_max
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '2', insns: %i[opt_newarray_max])
    begin;
      a = 1
      b = 2
      [a, b].max
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_newarray_min
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[opt_newarray_min])
    begin;
      a = 1
      b = 2
      [a, b].min
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_send_without_block
    assert_compile_once('print', result_inspect: 'nil', insns: %i[opt_send_without_block])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_invokesuper
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '3', success_count: 4, insns: %i[invokesuper])
    begin;
      mod = Module.new {
        def test
          super + 2
        end
      }
      klass = Class.new {
        prepend mod
        def test
          1
        end
      }
      print klass.new.test
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_invokeblock_leave
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '2', success_count: 2, insns: %i[invokeblock leave])
    begin;
      def foo
        yield
      end
      print foo { 2 }
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_throw
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '4', success_count: 2, insns: %i[throw])
    begin;
      def test
        proc do
          if 1+1 == 1
            return 3
          else
            return 4
          end
          5
        end.call
      end
      print test
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_jump_branchif
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", result_inspect: 'nil', insns: %i[jump branchif])
    begin;
      a = false
      1 + 1 while a
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_branchunless
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[branchunless])
    begin;
      a = true
      if a
        1
      else
        2
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_branchnil
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", result_inspect: '3', insns: %i[branchnil])
    begin;
      a = 2
      a&.+(1)
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_checktype
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", result_inspect: '"42"', insns: %i[checktype])
    begin;
      a = '2'
      "4#{a}"
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_methodref
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", result_inspect: '"main"', insns: %i[methodref])
    begin;
      self.:inspect.call
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_inlinecache
    assert_compile_once('Struct', result_inspect: 'Struct', insns: %i[opt_getinlinecache opt_setinlinecache])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_once
    assert_compile_once('/#{true}/o =~ "true" && $~.to_a', result_inspect: '["true"]', insns: %i[once])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_checkmatch_opt_case_dispatch
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '"world"', insns: %i[checkmatch opt_case_dispatch])
    begin;
      case 'hello'
      when 'hello'
        'world'
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_calc
    assert_compile_once('4 + 2 - ((2 * 3 / 2) % 2)', result_inspect: '5', insns: %i[opt_plus opt_minus opt_mult opt_div opt_mod])
    assert_compile_once('4.0 + 2.0 - ((2.0 * 3.0 / 2.0) % 2.0)', result_inspect: '5.0', insns: %i[opt_plus opt_minus opt_mult opt_div opt_mod])
    assert_compile_once('4 + 2', result_inspect: '6')
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_cmp
    assert_compile_once('(1 == 1) && (1 != 2)', result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[opt_eq opt_neq])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_rel
    assert_compile_once('1 < 2 && 1 <= 1 && 2 > 1 && 1 >= 1', result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[opt_lt opt_le opt_gt opt_ge])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_ltlt
    assert_compile_once('[1] << 2', result_inspect: '[1, 2]', insns: %i[opt_ltlt])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_and
    assert_compile_once('1 & 3', result_inspect: '1', insns: %i[opt_and])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_or
    assert_compile_once('1 | 3', result_inspect: '3', insns: %i[opt_or])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_aref
    # optimized call (optimized JIT) -> send call
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '21', success_count: 2, min_calls: 1, insns: %i[opt_aref])
    begin;
      obj = Object.new
      def obj.[](h)
        h
      end

      block = proc { |h| h[1] }
      print block.call({ 1 => 2 })
      print block.call(obj)
    end;

    # send call -> optimized call (send JIT) -> optimized call
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '122', success_count: 2, min_calls: 2)
    begin;
      obj = Object.new
      def obj.[](h)
        h
      end

      block = proc { |h| h[1] }
      print block.call(obj)
      print block.call({ 1 => 2 })
      print block.call({ 1 => 2 })
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_aref_with
    assert_compile_once("{ '1' => 2 }['1']", result_inspect: '2', insns: %i[opt_aref_with])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_aset
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '5', insns: %i[opt_aset opt_aset_with])
    begin;
      hash = { '1' => 2 }
      (hash['2'] = 2) + (hash[1.to_s] = 3)
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_length_size
    assert_compile_once("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", result_inspect: '4', insns: %i[opt_length opt_size])
    begin;
      array = [1, 2]
      array.length + array.size
    end;
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_empty_p
    assert_compile_once('[].empty?', result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[opt_empty_p])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_succ
    assert_compile_once('1.succ', result_inspect: '2', insns: %i[opt_succ])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_not
    assert_compile_once('!!true', result_inspect: 'true', insns: %i[opt_not])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_regexpmatch1
    assert_compile_once("/true/ =~ 'true'", result_inspect: '0', insns: %i[opt_regexpmatch1])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_regexpmatch2
    assert_compile_once("'true' =~ /true/", result_inspect: '0', insns: %i[opt_regexpmatch2])
  end

  def test_compile_insn_opt_call_c_function
    skip "support this in opt_call_c_function (low priority)"
  end

  def test_jit_output
    out, err = eval_with_jit('5.times { puts "MJIT" }', verbose: 1, min_calls: 5)
    assert_equal("MJIT\n" * 5, out)
    assert_match(/^#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}: block in <main>@-e:1 -> .+_ruby_mjit_p\d+u\d+\.c$/, err)
    assert_match(/^Successful MJIT finish$/, err)
  end

  def test_unload_units_and_compaction
    Dir.mktmpdir("jit_test_unload_units_") do |dir|
      # MIN_CACHE_SIZE is 10
      out, err = eval_with_jit({"TMPDIR"=>dir}, "#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~'end;'}", verbose: 1, min_calls: 1, max_cache: 10)
      begin;
        i = 0
        while i < 11
          eval(<<-EOS)
            def mjit#{i}
              print #{i}
            end
            mjit#{i}
          EOS
          i += 1
        end

        if defined?(fork)
          # test the child does not try to delete files which are deleted by parent,
          # and test possible deadlock on fork during MJIT unload and JIT compaction on child
          Process.waitpid(Process.fork {})
        end
      end;

      debug_info = %Q[stdout:\n"""\n#{out}\n"""\n\nstderr:\n"""\n#{err}"""\n]
      assert_equal('012345678910', out, debug_info)
      compactions, errs = err.lines.partition do |l|
        l.match?(/\AJIT compaction \(\d+\.\dms\): Compacted \d+ methods ->/)
      end
      10.times do |i|
        assert_match(/\A#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}: mjit#{i}@\(eval\):/, errs[i], debug_info)
      end
      assert_equal("Too many JIT code -- 1 units unloaded\n", errs[10], debug_info)
      assert_match(/\A#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}: mjit10@\(eval\):/, errs[11], debug_info)

      # On --jit-wait, when the number of JIT-ed code reaches --jit-max-cache,
      # it should trigger compaction.
      unless RUBY_PLATFORM.match?(/mswin|mingw/) # compaction is not supported on Windows yet
        assert_equal(3, compactions.size, debug_info)
      end

      if RUBY_PLATFORM.match?(/mswin/)
        # "Permission Denied" error is preventing to remove so file on AppVeyor/RubyCI.
        skip 'Removing so file is randomly failing on AppVeyor/RubyCI mswin due to Permission Denied.'
      else
        # verify .o files are deleted on unload_units
        assert_send([Dir, :empty?, dir], debug_info)
      end
    end
  end

  def test_local_stack_on_exception
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '3', success_count: 2)
    begin;
      def b
        raise
      rescue
        2
      end

      def a
        # Calling #b should be vm_exec, not direct mjit_exec.
        # Otherwise `1` on local variable would be purged.
        1 + b
      end

      print a
    end;
  end

  def test_local_stack_with_sp_motion_by_blockargs
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '1', success_count: 2)
    begin;
      def b(base)
        1
      end

      # This method is simple enough to have false in catch_except_p.
      # So local_stack_p would be true in JIT compiler.
      def a
        m = method(:b)

        # ci->flag has VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG and cfp->sp is moved in vm_caller_setup_arg_block.
        # So, for this send insn, JIT-ed code should use cfp->sp instead of local variables for stack.
        Module.module_eval(&m)
      end

      print a
    end;
  end

  def test_catching_deep_exception
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '1', success_count: 4)
    begin;
      def catch_true(paths, prefixes) # catch_except_p: TRUE
        prefixes.each do |prefix| # catch_except_p: TRUE
          paths.each do |path| # catch_except_p: FALSE
            return path
          end
        end
      end

      def wrapper(paths, prefixes)
        catch_true(paths, prefixes)
      end

      print wrapper(['1'], ['2'])
    end;
  end

  def test_inlined_undefined_ivar
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "bbb", success_count: 3, min_calls: 3)
    begin;
      class Foo
        def initialize
          @a = :a
        end

        def bar
          if @b.nil?
            @b = :b
          end
        end
      end

      verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, false # suppress "instance variable @b not initialized"
      print(Foo.new.bar)
      print(Foo.new.bar)
      print(Foo.new.bar)
      $VERBOSE = verbose
    end;
  end

  def test_attr_reader
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "4nil\nnil\n6", success_count: 2, min_calls: 2)
    begin;
      class A
        attr_reader :a, :b

        def initialize
          @a = 2
        end

        def test
          a
        end

        def undefined
          b
        end
      end

      a = A.new
      print(a.test * a.test)
      p(a.undefined)
      p(a.undefined)

      # redefinition
      def a.test
        3
      end

      print(2 * a.test)
    end;

    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "true", success_count: 1, min_calls: 2)
    begin;
      class Hoge
        attr_reader :foo

        def initialize
          @foo = []
          @bar = nil
        end
      end

      class Fuga < Hoge
        def initialize
          @bar = nil
          @foo = []
        end
      end

      def test(recv)
        recv.foo.empty?
      end

      hoge = Hoge.new
      fuga = Fuga.new

      test(hoge) # VM: cc set index=1
      test(hoge) # JIT: compile with index=1
      test(fuga) # JIT -> VM: cc set index=2
      print test(hoge) # JIT: should use index=1, not index=2 in cc
    end;
  end

  def test_clean_so
    if RUBY_PLATFORM.match?(/mswin/)
      skip 'Removing so file is randomly failing on AppVeyor/RubyCI mswin due to Permission Denied.'
    end
    Dir.mktmpdir("jit_test_clean_so_") do |dir|
      code = "x = 0; 10.times {|i|x+=i}"
      eval_with_jit({"TMPDIR"=>dir}, code)
      assert_send([Dir, :empty?, dir])
      eval_with_jit({"TMPDIR"=>dir}, code, save_temps: true)
      assert_not_send([Dir, :empty?, dir])
    end
  end

  def test_clean_objects_on_exec
    if /mswin|mingw/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
      # TODO: check call stack and close handle of code which is not on stack, and remove objects on best-effort basis
      skip 'Removing so file being used does not work on Windows'
    end
    Dir.mktmpdir("jit_test_clean_objects_on_exec_") do |dir|
      eval_with_jit({"TMPDIR"=>dir}, "#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", min_calls: 1)
      begin;
        def a; end; a
        exec "true"
      end;
      error_message = "Undeleted files:\n  #{Dir.glob("#{dir}/*").join("\n  ")}\n"
      assert_send([Dir, :empty?, dir], error_message)
    end
  end

  def test_lambda_longjmp
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: '5', success_count: 1)
    begin;
      fib = lambda do |x|
        return x if x == 0 || x == 1
        fib.call(x-1) + fib.call(x-2)
      end
      print fib.call(5)
    end;
  end

  def test_stack_pointer_with_assignment
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "nil\nnil\n", success_count: 1)
    begin;
      2.times do
        a, _ = nil
        p a
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_block_handler_with_possible_frame_omitted_inlining
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "70.0\n70.0\n70.0\n", success_count: 2, min_calls: 2)
    begin;
      def multiply(a, b)
        a *= b
      end

      3.times do
        p multiply(7.0, 10.0)
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_program_counter_with_regexpmatch
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "aa", success_count: 1)
    begin;
      2.times do
        break if /a/ =~ "ab" && !$~[0]
        print $~[0]
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_pushed_values_with_opt_aset_with
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "{}{}", success_count: 1)
    begin;
      2.times do
        print(Thread.current["a"] = {})
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_pushed_values_with_opt_aref_with
    assert_eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", stdout: "nil\nnil\n", success_count: 1)
    begin;
      2.times do
        p(Thread.current["a"])
      end
    end;
  end

  def test_caller_locations_without_catch_table
    out, _ = eval_with_jit("#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", min_calls: 1)
    begin;
      def b                             # 2
        caller_locations.first          # 3
      end                               # 4
                                        # 5
      def a                             # 6
        print # <-- don't leave PC here # 7
        b                               # 8
      end
      puts a
      puts a
    end;
    lines = out.lines
    assert_equal("-e:8:in `a'\n", lines[0])
    assert_equal("-e:8:in `a'\n", lines[1])
  end

  def test_fork_with_mjit_worker_thread
    Dir.mktmpdir("jit_test_fork_with_mjit_worker_thread_") do |dir|
      # min_calls: 2 to skip fork block
      out, err = eval_with_jit({ "TMPDIR" => dir }, "#{<<~"begin;"}\n#{<<~"end;"}", min_calls: 2, verbose: 1)
      begin;
        def before_fork; end
        def after_fork; end

        before_fork; before_fork # the child should not delete this .o file
        pid = Process.fork do # this child should not delete shared .pch file
          sleep 0.5 # to prevent mixing outputs on Solaris
          after_fork; after_fork # this child does not share JIT-ed after_fork with parent
        end
        after_fork; after_fork # this parent does not share JIT-ed after_fork with child

        Process.waitpid(pid)
      end;
      success_count = err.scan(/^#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}:/).size
      debug_info = "stdout:\n```\n#{out}\n```\n\nstderr:\n```\n#{err}```\n"
      assert_equal(3, success_count, debug_info)

      # assert no remove error
      assert_equal("Successful MJIT finish\n" * 2, err.gsub(/^#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}:[^\n]+\n/, ''), debug_info)

      # ensure objects are deleted
      assert_send([Dir, :empty?, dir], debug_info)
    end
  end if defined?(fork)

  private

  # The shortest way to test one proc
  def assert_compile_once(script, result_inspect:, insns: [], uplevel: 1)
    if script.match?(/\A\n.+\n\z/m)
      script = script.gsub(/^/, '  ')
    else
      script = " #{script} "
    end
    assert_eval_with_jit("p proc {#{script}}.call", stdout: "#{result_inspect}\n", success_count: 1, insns: insns, uplevel: uplevel + 1)
  end

  # Shorthand for normal test cases
  def assert_eval_with_jit(script, stdout: nil, success_count:, min_calls: 1, insns: [], uplevel: 1)
    out, err = eval_with_jit(script, verbose: 1, min_calls: min_calls)
    actual = err.scan(/^#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}:/).size
    # Add --jit-verbose=2 logs for cl.exe because compiler's error message is suppressed
    # for cl.exe with --jit-verbose=1. See `start_process` in mjit_worker.c.
    if RUBY_PLATFORM.match?(/mswin/) && success_count != actual
      out2, err2 = eval_with_jit(script, verbose: 2, min_calls: min_calls)
    end

    # Make sure that the script has insns expected to be tested
    used_insns = method_insns(script)
    insns.each do |insn|
      unless used_insns.include?(insn)
        $stderr.puts
        warn "'#{insn}' insn is not included in the script. Actual insns are: #{used_insns.join(' ')}\n", uplevel: uplevel+2
      end
      TestJIT.untested_insns.delete(insn)
    end

    assert_equal(
      success_count, actual,
      "Expected #{success_count} times of JIT success, but succeeded #{actual} times.\n\n"\
      "script:\n#{code_block(script)}\nstderr:\n#{code_block(err)}#{(
        "\nstdout(verbose=2 retry):\n#{code_block(out2)}\nstderr(verbose=2 retry):\n#{code_block(err2)}" if out2 || err2
      )}",
    )
    if stdout
      assert_equal(stdout, out, "Expected stdout #{out.inspect} to match #{stdout.inspect} with script:\n#{code_block(script)}")
    end
    err_lines = err.lines.reject! do |l|
      l.chomp.empty? || l.match?(/\A#{JIT_SUCCESS_PREFIX}/) || IGNORABLE_PATTERNS.any? { |pat| pat.match?(l) }
    end
    unless err_lines.empty?
      warn err_lines.join(''), uplevel: uplevel
    end
  end

  # Collect block's insns or defined method's insns, which are expected to be JIT-ed.
  # Note that this intentionally excludes insns in script's toplevel because they are not JIT-ed.
  def method_insns(script)
    insns = []
    RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile(script).to_a.last.each do |(insn, *args)|
      case insn
      when :send
        insns += collect_insns(args.last)
      when :definemethod, :definesmethod
        insns += collect_insns(args[1])
      when :defineclass
        insns += collect_insns(args[1])
      end
    end
    insns.uniq
  end

  # Recursively collect insns in iseq_array
  def collect_insns(iseq_array)
    return [] if iseq_array.nil?

    insns = iseq_array.last.select { |x| x.is_a?(Array) }.map(&:first)
    iseq_array.last.each do |(insn, *args)|
      case insn
      when :definemethod, :definesmethod, :send
        insns += collect_insns(args.last)
      end
    end
    insns
  end
end