ruby--ruby/lib/net/telnet.rb

# = net/telnet.rb - simple telnet client library
# 
# Wakou Aoyama <wakou@ruby-lang.org>
#
# == Overview
#
# This file holds the class Net::Telnet, which provides client-side
# telnet functionality.
#
# The telnet protocol allows a client to login remotely to a user
# account on a server and execute commands via a shell.  The equivalent
# is done by creating a Net::Telnet class with the Host option
# set to your host, calling #login() with your user and password,
# issuing one or more #cmd() calls, and then calling #close()
# to end the session.  The #waitfor(), #print(), #puts(), and
# #write() methods, which #cmd() is implemented on top of, are
# only needed if you are doing something more complicated.
#
# A Net::Telnet object can also be used to connect to non-telnet
# services, such as SMTP or HTTP.  In this case, you normally
# want to provide the Port option to specify the port to
# connect to, and set the Telnetmode option to false to prevent
# the client from attempting to interpret telnet command sequences.
# Generally, #login() will not work with other protocols, and you
# have to handle authentication yourself.
# For some protocols, it will be possible to specify the Prompt
# option once when you create the Telnet object and use #cmd() calls; 
# for others, you will have to specify the response sequence to
# look for as the Match option to every #cmd() call, or call
# #puts() and #waitfor() directly; for yet others, you will have 
# to use #sysread() instead of #waitfor() and parse server 
# responses yourself.
#
# It is worth noting that when you create a new Net::Telnet object,
# you can supply a proxy IO channel via the Proxy option.  This
# can be used to attach the Telnet object to other Telnet objects,
# to already open sockets, or to any read-write IO object.  This
# can be useful, for instance, for setting up a test fixture for
# unit testing.
# 
# == Examples of use.
# 
# === Log in and send a command, echoing all output to stdout.
# 
#   localhost = Net::Telnet::new({"Host" => "localhost",
#                                 "Timeout" => 10,
#                                 "Prompt" => /[$%#>] \z/n})
#   localhost.login("username", "password"){|c| print c }
#   localhost.cmd("command"){|c| print c }
#   localhost.close
# 
# 
# === Check a POP server to see if you have mail.
# 
#   pop = Net::Telnet::new({"Host" => "your_destination_host_here",
#                           "Port" => 110,
#                           "Telnetmode" => false,
#                           "Prompt" => /^\+OK/n})
#   pop.cmd("user " + "your_username_here"){|c| print c}
#   pop.cmd("pass " + "your_password_here"){|c| print c}
#   pop.cmd("list"){|c| print c}
#
# == References.
#
# There are a large number of RFCs relevant to the Telnet protocol.
# RFCs 854-861 define the base protocol.  For a complete listing
# of relevant RFCs, see
# http://www.omnifarious.org/~hopper/technical/telnet-rfc.html


require "socket"
require "delegate"
require "timeout"
require "English"

module Net # :nodoc:

  # Provides telnet client functionality.
  #
  # This class also has, through delegation, all the methods of
  # a socket object (by default, a TCPSocket, but can be set
  # by the Proxy option to new()).  This provides methods
  # such as #close() to end the session and #sysread() to
  # read data directly from the host, instead of via the
  # #waitfor() mechanism.  Note that if you do use #sysread() 
  # directly when in telnet mode, you should probably pass
  # the output through #preprocess() to extract telnet command
  # sequences.
  #
  # See the documentation to the telnet.rb file for an overview
  # and examples of usage.
  class Telnet < SimpleDelegator

    # :stopdoc:
    IAC   = 255.chr # "\377" # "\xff" # interpret as command
    DONT  = 254.chr # "\376" # "\xfe" # you are not to use option 
    DO    = 253.chr # "\375" # "\xfd" # please, you use option 
    WONT  = 252.chr # "\374" # "\xfc" # I won't use option 
    WILL  = 251.chr # "\373" # "\xfb" # I will use option 
    SB    = 250.chr # "\372" # "\xfa" # interpret as subnegotiation 
    GA    = 249.chr # "\371" # "\xf9" # you may reverse the line 
    EL    = 248.chr # "\370" # "\xf8" # erase the current line 
    EC    = 247.chr # "\367" # "\xf7" # erase the current character 
    AYT   = 246.chr # "\366" # "\xf6" # are you there 
    AO    = 245.chr # "\365" # "\xf5" # abort output--but let prog finish 
    IP    = 244.chr # "\364" # "\xf4" # interrupt process--permanently 
    BREAK = 243.chr # "\363" # "\xf3" # break 
    DM    = 242.chr # "\362" # "\xf2" # data mark--for connect. cleaning 
    NOP   = 241.chr # "\361" # "\xf1" # nop 
    SE    = 240.chr # "\360" # "\xf0" # end sub negotiation 
    EOR   = 239.chr # "\357" # "\xef" # end of record (transparent mode) 
    ABORT = 238.chr # "\356" # "\xee" # Abort process 
    SUSP  = 237.chr # "\355" # "\xed" # Suspend process 
    EOF   = 236.chr # "\354" # "\xec" # End of file 
    SYNCH = 242.chr # "\362" # "\xf2" # for telfunc calls 

    OPT_BINARY         =   0.chr # "\000" # "\x00" # Binary Transmission 
    OPT_ECHO           =   1.chr # "\001" # "\x01" # Echo 
    OPT_RCP            =   2.chr # "\002" # "\x02" # Reconnection 
    OPT_SGA            =   3.chr # "\003" # "\x03" # Suppress Go Ahead 
    OPT_NAMS           =   4.chr # "\004" # "\x04" # Approx Message Size Negotiation 
    OPT_STATUS         =   5.chr # "\005" # "\x05" # Status 
    OPT_TM             =   6.chr # "\006" # "\x06" # Timing Mark 
    OPT_RCTE           =   7.chr # "\a"   # "\x07" # Remote Controlled Trans and Echo 
    OPT_NAOL           =   8.chr # "\010" # "\x08" # Output Line Width 
    OPT_NAOP           =   9.chr # "\t"   # "\x09" # Output Page Size 
    OPT_NAOCRD         =  10.chr # "\n"   # "\x0a" # Output Carriage-Return Disposition 
    OPT_NAOHTS         =  11.chr # "\v"   # "\x0b" # Output Horizontal Tab Stops 
    OPT_NAOHTD         =  12.chr # "\f"   # "\x0c" # Output Horizontal Tab Disposition 
    OPT_NAOFFD         =  13.chr # "\r"   # "\x0d" # Output Formfeed Disposition 
    OPT_NAOVTS         =  14.chr # "\016" # "\x0e" # Output Vertical Tabstops 
    OPT_NAOVTD         =  15.chr # "\017" # "\x0f" # Output Vertical Tab Disposition 
    OPT_NAOLFD         =  16.chr # "\020" # "\x10" # Output Linefeed Disposition 
    OPT_XASCII         =  17.chr # "\021" # "\x11" # Extended ASCII 
    OPT_LOGOUT         =  18.chr # "\022" # "\x12" # Logout 
    OPT_BM             =  19.chr # "\023" # "\x13" # Byte Macro 
    OPT_DET            =  20.chr # "\024" # "\x14" # Data Entry Terminal 
    OPT_SUPDUP         =  21.chr # "\025" # "\x15" # SUPDUP 
    OPT_SUPDUPOUTPUT   =  22.chr # "\026" # "\x16" # SUPDUP Output 
    OPT_SNDLOC         =  23.chr # "\027" # "\x17" # Send Location 
    OPT_TTYPE          =  24.chr # "\030" # "\x18" # Terminal Type 
    OPT_EOR            =  25.chr # "\031" # "\x19" # End of Record 
    OPT_TUID           =  26.chr # "\032" # "\x1a" # TACACS User Identification 
    OPT_OUTMRK         =  27.chr # "\e"   # "\x1b" # Output Marking 
    OPT_TTYLOC         =  28.chr # "\034" # "\x1c" # Terminal Location Number 
    OPT_3270REGIME     =  29.chr # "\035" # "\x1d" # Telnet 3270 Regime 
    OPT_X3PAD          =  30.chr # "\036" # "\x1e" # X.3 PAD 
    OPT_NAWS           =  31.chr # "\037" # "\x1f" # Negotiate About Window Size 
    OPT_TSPEED         =  32.chr # " "    # "\x20" # Terminal Speed 
    OPT_LFLOW          =  33.chr # "!"    # "\x21" # Remote Flow Control 
    OPT_LINEMODE       =  34.chr # "\""   # "\x22" # Linemode 
    OPT_XDISPLOC       =  35.chr # "#"    # "\x23" # X Display Location 
    OPT_OLD_ENVIRON    =  36.chr # "$"    # "\x24" # Environment Option 
    OPT_AUTHENTICATION =  37.chr # "%"    # "\x25" # Authentication Option 
    OPT_ENCRYPT        =  38.chr # "&"    # "\x26" # Encryption Option 
    OPT_NEW_ENVIRON    =  39.chr # "'"    # "\x27" # New Environment Option 
    OPT_EXOPL          = 255.chr # "\377" # "\xff" # Extended-Options-List 

    NULL = "\000" 
    CR   = "\015"   
    LF   = "\012" 
    EOL  = CR + LF 
    REVISION = '$Id$'
    # :startdoc:

    # Creates a new Net::Telnet object.
    #
    # Attempts to connect to the host (unless the Proxy option is
    # provided: see below).  If a block is provided, it is yielded
    # status messages on the attempt to connect to the server, of
    # the form:
    # 
    #   Trying localhost...
    #   Connected to localhost.
    #
    # +options+ is a hash of options.  The following example lists
    # all options and their default values.
    # 
    #   host = Net::Telnet::new({
    #            "Host"       => "localhost",  # default: "localhost"
    #            "Port"       => 23,           # default: 23
    #            "Binmode"    => false,        # default: false
    #            "Output_log" => "output_log", # default: nil (no output)
    #            "Dump_log"   => "dump_log",   # default: nil (no output)
    #            "Prompt"     => /[$%#>] \z/n, # default: /[$%#>] \z/n
    #            "Telnetmode" => true,         # default: true
    #            "Timeout"    => 10,           # default: 10
    #              # if ignore timeout then set "Timeout" to false.
    #            "Waittime"   => 0,            # default: 0
    #            "Proxy"      => proxy         # default: nil
    #                            # proxy is Net::Telnet or IO object
    #          })
    #
    # The options have the following meanings:
    #
    # Host:: the hostname or IP address of the host to connect to, as a String. 
    #        Defaults to "localhost".
    #
    # Port:: the port to connect to.  Defaults to 23.
    #
    # Binmode:: if false (the default), newline substitution is performed.  
    #           Outgoing LF is
    #           converted to CRLF, and incoming CRLF is converted to LF.  If
    #           true, this substitution is not performed.  This value can
    #           also be set with the #binmode() method.  The 
    #           outgoing conversion only applies to the #puts() and #print()
    #           methods, not the #write() method.  The precise nature of
    #           the newline conversion is also affected by the telnet options
    #           SGA and BIN.
    #
    # Output_log:: the name of the file to write connection status messages
    #              and all received traffic to.  In the case of a proper
    #              Telnet session, this will include the client input as
    #              echoed by the host; otherwise, it only includes server
    #              responses.  Output is appended verbatim to this file.  
    #              By default, no output log is kept.
    #
    # Dump_log:: as for Output_log, except that output is written in hexdump
    #            format (16 bytes per line as hex pairs, followed by their
    #            printable equivalent), with connection status messages
    #            preceded by '#', sent traffic preceded by '>', and 
    #            received traffic preceded by '<'.  By default, not dump log
    #            is kept.
    #
    # Prompt:: a regular expression matching the host's command-line prompt
    #          sequence.  This is needed by the Telnet class to determine
    #          when the output from a command has finished and the host is
    #          ready to receive a new command.  By default, this regular
    #          expression is /[$%#>] \z/n.
    #
    # Telnetmode:: a boolean value, true by default.  In telnet mode, 
    #              traffic received from the host is parsed for special
    #              command sequences, and these sequences are escaped
    #              in outgoing traffic sent using #puts() or #print()
    #              (but not #write()).  If you are using the Net::Telnet
    #              object to connect to a non-telnet service (such as
    #              SMTP or POP), this should be set to "false" to prevent
    #              undesired data corruption.  This value can also be set
    #              by the #telnetmode() method.
    #
    # Timeout:: the number of seconds to wait before timing out both the
    #           initial attempt to connect to host (in this constructor),
    #           and all attempts to read data from the host (in #waitfor(),
    #           #cmd(), and #login()).  Exceding this timeout causes a
    #           TimeoutError to be raised.  The default value is 10 seconds.
    #           You can disable the timeout by setting this value to false.
    #           In this case, the connect attempt will eventually timeout
    #           on the underlying connect(2) socket call with an
    #           Errno::ETIMEDOUT error (but generally only after a few
    #           minutes), but other attempts to read data from the host
    #           will hand indefinitely if no data is forthcoming.
    #
    # Waittime:: the amount of time to wait after seeing what looks like a 
    #            prompt (that is, received data that matches the Prompt
    #            option regular expression) to see if more data arrives.
    #            If more data does arrive in this time, Net::Telnet assumes
    #            that what it saw was not really a prompt.  This is to try to 
    #            avoid false matches, but it can also lead to missing real
    #            prompts (if, for instance, a background process writes to
    #            the terminal soon after the prompt is displayed).  By
    #            default, set to 0, meaning not to wait for more data.
    #
    # Proxy:: a proxy object to used instead of opening a direct connection
    #         to the host.  Must be either another Net::Telnet object or
    #         an IO object.  If it is another Net::Telnet object, this 
    #         instance will use that one's socket for communication.  If an
    #         IO object, it is used directly for communication.  Any other
    #         kind of object will cause an error to be raised.
    def initialize(options) # :yield: mesg 
      @options = options
      @options["Host"]       = "localhost"   unless @options.has_key?("Host")
      @options["Port"]       = 23            unless @options.has_key?("Port")
      @options["Prompt"]     = /[$%#>] \z/n  unless @options.has_key?("Prompt")
      @options["Timeout"]    = 10            unless @options.has_key?("Timeout")
      @options["Waittime"]   = 0             unless @options.has_key?("Waittime")
      unless @options.has_key?("Binmode")
        @options["Binmode"]    = false         
      else
        unless (true == @options["Binmode"] or false == @options["Binmode"])
          raise ArgumentError, "Binmode option must be true or false"
        end
      end

      unless @options.has_key?("Telnetmode")
        @options["Telnetmode"] = true          
      else
        unless (true == @options["Telnetmode"] or false == @options["Telnetmode"])
          raise ArgumentError, "Telnetmode option must be true or false"
        end
      end

      @telnet_option = { "SGA" => false, "BINARY" => false }

      if @options.has_key?("Output_log")
        @log = File.open(@options["Output_log"], 'a+')
        @log.sync = true
        @log.binmode
      end

      if @options.has_key?("Dump_log")
        @dumplog = File.open(@options["Dump_log"], 'a+')
        @dumplog.sync = true
        @dumplog.binmode
        def @dumplog.log_dump(dir, x)  # :nodoc:
          len = x.length
          addr = 0
          offset = 0
          while 0 < len
            if len < 16
              line = x[offset, len]
            else
              line = x[offset, 16]
            end
            hexvals = line.unpack('H*')[0]
            hexvals += ' ' * (32 - hexvals.length)
            hexvals = format("%s %s %s %s  " * 4, *hexvals.unpack('a2' * 16))
            line = line.gsub(/[\000-\037\177-\377]/n, '.')
            printf "%s 0x%5.5x: %s%s\n", dir, addr, hexvals, line
            addr += 16
            offset += 16
            len -= 16
          end
          print "\n"
        end
      end

      if @options.has_key?("Proxy")
        if @options["Proxy"].kind_of?(Net::Telnet)
          @sock = @options["Proxy"].sock
        elsif @options["Proxy"].kind_of?(IO)
          @sock = @options["Proxy"]
        else
          raise "Error: Proxy must be an instance of Net::Telnet or IO."
        end
      else
        message = "Trying " + @options["Host"] + "...\n"
        yield(message) if block_given?
        @log.write(message) if @options.has_key?("Output_log")
        @dumplog.log_dump('#', message) if @options.has_key?("Dump_log")

        begin
          if @options["Timeout"] == false
            @sock = TCPSocket.open(@options["Host"], @options["Port"])
          else
            timeout(@options["Timeout"]) do
              @sock = TCPSocket.open(@options["Host"], @options["Port"])
            end
          end
        rescue TimeoutError
          raise TimeoutError, "timed out while opening a connection to the host"
        rescue
          @log.write($ERROR_INFO.to_s + "\n") if @options.has_key?("Output_log")
          @dumplog.log_dump('#', $ERROR_INFO.to_s + "\n") if @options.has_key?("Dump_log")
          raise
        end
        @sock.sync = true
        @sock.binmode

        message = "Connected to " + @options["Host"] + ".\n"
        yield(message) if block_given?
        @log.write(message) if @options.has_key?("Output_log")
        @dumplog.log_dump('#', message) if @options.has_key?("Dump_log")
      end

      super(@sock)
    end # initialize

    # The socket the Telnet object is using.  Note that this object becomes
    # a delegate of the Telnet object, so normally you invoke its methods
    # directly on the Telnet object.
    attr :sock 

    # Set telnet command interpretation on (+mode+ == true) or off
    # (+mode+ == false), or return the current value (+mode+ not
    # provided).  It should be on for true telnet sessions, off if
    # using Net::Telnet to connect to a non-telnet service such
    # as SMTP.
    def telnetmode(mode = nil)
      case mode
      when nil
        @options["Telnetmode"]
      when true, false
        @options["Telnetmode"] = mode
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "argument must be true or false, or missing"
      end
    end

    # Turn telnet command interpretation on (true) or off (false).  It
    # should be on for true telnet sessions, off if using Net::Telnet
    # to connect to a non-telnet service such as SMTP.
    def telnetmode=(mode)
      if (true == mode or false == mode)
        @options["Telnetmode"] = mode
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "argument must be true or false"
      end
    end

    # Turn newline conversion on (+mode+ == false) or off (+mode+ == true),
    # or return the current value (+mode+ is not specified).
    def binmode(mode = nil)
      case mode
      when nil
        @options["Binmode"] 
      when true, false
        @options["Binmode"] = mode
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "argument must be true or false"
      end
    end

    # Turn newline conversion on (false) or off (true).
    def binmode=(mode)
      if (true == mode or false == mode)
        @options["Binmode"] = mode
      else
        raise ArgumentError, "argument must be true or false"
      end
    end

    # Preprocess received data from the host.
    #
    # Performs newline conversion and detects telnet command sequences.
    # Called automatically by #waitfor().  You should only use this 
    # method yourself if you have read input directly using sysread()
    # or similar, and even then only if in telnet mode.
    def preprocess(string)
      # combine CR+NULL into CR
      string = string.gsub(/#{CR}#{NULL}/no, CR) if @options["Telnetmode"]

      # combine EOL into "\n"
      string = string.gsub(/#{EOL}/no, "\n") unless @options["Binmode"]

      string.gsub(/#{IAC}(
                   [#{IAC}#{AO}#{AYT}#{DM}#{IP}#{NOP}]|
                   [#{DO}#{DONT}#{WILL}#{WONT}]
                     [#{OPT_BINARY}-#{OPT_NEW_ENVIRON}#{OPT_EXOPL}]|
                   #{SB}[^#{IAC}]*#{IAC}#{SE}
                 )/xno) do
        if    IAC == $1  # handle escaped IAC characters
          IAC
        elsif AYT == $1  # respond to "IAC AYT" (are you there)
          self.write("nobody here but us pigeons" + EOL)
          ''
        elsif DO[0] == $1[0]  # respond to "IAC DO x"
          if OPT_BINARY[0] == $1[1]
            @telnet_option["BINARY"] = true
            self.write(IAC + WILL + OPT_BINARY)
          else
            self.write(IAC + WONT + $1[1..1])
          end
          ''
        elsif DONT[0] == $1[0]  # respond to "IAC DON'T x" with "IAC WON'T x"
          self.write(IAC + WONT + $1[1..1])
          ''
        elsif WILL[0] == $1[0]  # respond to "IAC WILL x"
          if    OPT_BINARY[0] == $1[1]
            self.write(IAC + DO + OPT_BINARY)
          elsif OPT_ECHO[0] == $1[1]
            self.write(IAC + DO + OPT_ECHO)
          elsif OPT_SGA[0]  == $1[1]
            @telnet_option["SGA"] = true
            self.write(IAC + DO + OPT_SGA)
          else
            self.write(IAC + DONT + $1[1..1])
          end
          ''
        elsif WONT[0] == $1[0]  # respond to "IAC WON'T x"
          if    OPT_ECHO[0] == $1[1]
            self.write(IAC + DONT + OPT_ECHO)
          elsif OPT_SGA[0]  == $1[1]
            @telnet_option["SGA"] = false
            self.write(IAC + DONT + OPT_SGA)
          else
            self.write(IAC + DONT + $1[1..1])
          end
          ''
        else
          ''
        end
      end
    end # preprocess

    # Read data from the host until a certain sequence is matched.
    #
    # If a block is given, the received data will be yielded as it
    # is read in (not necessarily all in one go), or nil if EOF 
    # occurs before any data is received.  Whether a block is given
    # or not, all data read will be returned in a single string, or again 
    # nil if EOF occurs before any data is received.  Note that
    # received data includes the matched sequence we were looking for.
    #
    # +options+ can be either a regular expression or a hash of options.
    # If a regular expression, this specifies the data to wait for.
    # If a hash, this can specify the following options:
    #
    # Match:: a regular expression, specifying the data to wait for.
    # Prompt:: as for Match; used only if Match is not specified.
    # String:: as for Match, except a string that will be converted
    #          into a regular expression.  Used only if Match and
    #          Prompt are not specified.
    # Timeout:: the number of seconds to wait for data from the host
    #           before raising a TimeoutError.  If set to false, 
    #           no timeout will occur.  If not specified, the
    #           Timeout option value specified when this instance
    #           was created will be used, or, failing that, the
    #           default value of 10 seconds.
    # Waittime:: the number of seconds to wait after matching against
    #            the input data to see if more data arrives.  If more
    #            data arrives within this time, we will judge ourselves
    #            not to have matched successfully, and will continue
    #            trying to match.  If not specified, the Waittime option
    #            value specified when this instance was created will be
    #            used, or, failing that, the default value of 0 seconds,
    #            which means not to wait for more input.
    #           
    def waitfor(options) # :yield: recvdata
      time_out = @options["Timeout"]
      waittime = @options["Waittime"]

      if options.kind_of?(Hash)
        prompt   = if options.has_key?("Match")
                     options["Match"]
                   elsif options.has_key?("Prompt")
                     options["Prompt"]
                   elsif options.has_key?("String")
                     Regexp.new( Regexp.quote(options["String"]) )
                   end
        time_out = options["Timeout"]  if options.has_key?("Timeout")
        waittime = options["Waittime"] if options.has_key?("Waittime")
      else
        prompt = options
      end

      if time_out == false
        time_out = nil
      end

      line = ''
      buf = ''
      rest = ''
      until(prompt === line and not IO::select([@sock], nil, nil, waittime))
        unless IO::select([@sock], nil, nil, time_out)
          raise TimeoutError, "timed out while waiting for more data"
        end
        begin
          c = @sock.sysread(1024 * 1024)
          @dumplog.log_dump('<', c) if @options.has_key?("Dump_log")
          if @options["Telnetmode"]
            c = rest + c
            if Integer(c.rindex(/#{IAC}#{SE}/no)) <
               Integer(c.rindex(/#{IAC}#{SB}/no))
              buf = preprocess(c[0 ... c.rindex(/#{IAC}#{SB}/no)])
              rest = c[c.rindex(/#{IAC}#{SB}/no) .. -1]
            elsif pt = c.rindex(/#{IAC}[^#{IAC}#{AO}#{AYT}#{DM}#{IP}#{NOP}]?\z/no)
              buf = preprocess(c[0 ... pt])
              rest = c[pt .. -1]
            else
              buf = preprocess(c)
              rest = ''
            end
         else
           # Not Telnetmode.
           #
           # We cannot use preprocess() on this data, because that
           # method makes some Telnetmode-specific assumptions.
           buf = c
           buf.gsub!(/#{EOL}/no, "\n") unless @options["Binmode"]
           rest = ''
          end
          @log.print(buf) if @options.has_key?("Output_log")
          line += buf
          yield buf if block_given?
        rescue EOFError # End of file reached
          if line == ''
            line = nil
            yield nil if block_given?
          end
          break
        end
      end
      line
    end

    # Write +string+ to the host.
    #
    # Does not perform any conversions on +string+.  Will log +string+ to the
    # dumplog, if the Dump_log option is set.
    def write(string)
      length = string.length
      while 0 < length
        IO::select(nil, [@sock])
        @dumplog.log_dump('>', string[-length..-1]) if @options.has_key?("Dump_log")
        length -= @sock.syswrite(string[-length..-1])
      end
    end

    # Sends a string to the host.
    #
    # This does _not_ automatically append a newline to the string.  Embedded
    # newlines may be converted and telnet command sequences escaped 
    # depending upon the values of telnetmode, binmode, and telnet options
    # set by the host.
    def print(string)
      string = string.gsub(/#{IAC}/no, IAC + IAC) if @options["Telnetmode"]

      if @options["Binmode"]
        self.write(string)
      else
        if @telnet_option["BINARY"] and @telnet_option["SGA"]
          # IAC WILL SGA IAC DO BIN send EOL --> CR
          self.write(string.gsub(/\n/n, CR))
        elsif @telnet_option["SGA"]
          # IAC WILL SGA send EOL --> CR+NULL
          self.write(string.gsub(/\n/n, CR + NULL))
        else
          # NONE send EOL --> CR+LF
          self.write(string.gsub(/\n/n, EOL))
        end
      end
    end

    # Sends a string to the host.
    #
    # Same as #print(), but appends a newline to the string.
    def puts(string)
      self.print(string + "\n")
    end

    # Send a command to the host.
    #
    # More exactly, sends a string to the host, and reads in all received
    # data until is sees the prompt or other matched sequence.
    #
    # If a block is given, the received data will be yielded to it as
    # it is read in.  Whether a block is given or not, the received data 
    # will be return as a string.  Note that the received data includes
    # the prompt and in most cases the host's echo of our command.
    #
    # +options+ is either a String, specified the string or command to
    # send to the host; or it is a hash of options.  If a hash, the
    # following options can be specified:
    #
    # String:: the command or other string to send to the host.
    # Match:: a regular expression, the sequence to look for in
    #         the received data before returning.  If not specified,
    #         the Prompt option value specified when this instance
    #         was created will be used, or, failing that, the default
    #         prompt of /[$%#>] \z/n.
    # Timeout:: the seconds to wait for data from the host before raising
    #           a Timeout error.  If not specified, the Timeout option
    #           value specified when this instance was created will be
    #           used, or, failing that, the default value of 10 seconds.
    #
    # The command or other string will have the newline sequence appended
    # to it.
    def cmd(options) # :yield: recvdata
      match    = @options["Prompt"]
      time_out = @options["Timeout"]

      if options.kind_of?(Hash)
        string   = options["String"]
        match    = options["Match"]   if options.has_key?("Match")
        time_out = options["Timeout"] if options.has_key?("Timeout")
      else
        string = options
      end

      self.puts(string)
      if block_given?
        waitfor({"Prompt" => match, "Timeout" => time_out}){|c| yield c }
      else
        waitfor({"Prompt" => match, "Timeout" => time_out})
      end
    end

    # Login to the host with a given username and password.
    #
    # The username and password can either be provided as two string
    # arguments in that order, or as a hash with keys "Name" and
    # "Password".    
    #
    # This method looks for the strings "login" and "Password" from the
    # host to determine when to send the username and password.  If the
    # login sequence does not follow this pattern (for instance, you
    # are connecting to a service other than telnet), you will need
    # to handle login yourself.
    #
    # The password can be omitted, either by only
    # provided one String argument, which will be used as the username,
    # or by providing a has that has no "Password" key.  In this case,
    # the method will not look for the "Password:" prompt; if it is
    # sent, it will have to be dealt with by later calls.
    #
    # The method returns all data received during the login process from
    # the host, including the echoed username but not the password (which
    # the host should not echo).  If a block is passed in, this received
    # data is also yielded to the block as it is received.
    def login(options, password = nil) # :yield: recvdata
      if options.kind_of?(Hash)
        username = options["Name"]
        password = options["Password"]
      else
        username = options
      end

      if block_given?
        line = waitfor(/[Ll]ogin[: ]*\z/n){|c| yield c }
        if password
          line += cmd({"String" => username,
                       "Match" => /Password[: ]*\z/n}){|c| yield c }
          line += cmd(password){|c| yield c }
        else
          line += cmd(username){|c| yield c }
        end
      else
        line = waitfor(/[Ll]ogin[: ]*\z/n)
        if password
          line += cmd({"String" => username,
                       "Match" => /Password[: ]*\z/n})
          line += cmd(password)
        else
          line += cmd(username)
        end
      end
      line
    end

  end  # class Telnet
end  # module Net