* doc/syntax.rdoc: Added syntax guide table of contents

* doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc:  Syntax guide for exceptions
* doc/syntax/literals.rdoc:  Syntax guide for literals
* doc/syntax/methods.rdoc:  Syntax guide for methods


git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@38419 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

doc/syntax/exceptions.rdoc

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+= Exception Handling
+
+Exceptions are rescued in a +begin+/+end+ block:
+
+  begin
+    # code that might raise
+  rescue
+    # handle exception
+  end
+
+If you are inside a method you do not need to use +begin+ or +end+ unless you
+wish to limit the scope of rescued exceptions:
+
+  def my_method
+    # ...
+  rescue
+    # ...
+  end
+
+The same is true for a +class+ or +module+.
+
+You can assign the exception to a local variable by using <tt>=>
+variable_name</tt> at the end of the +rescue+ line:
+
+  begin
+    # ...
+  rescue => exception
+    warn exception.message
+    raise # re-raise the current exception
+  end
+
+By default StandardError and its subclasses are rescued.  You can rescue a
+specific set of exception classes (and their subclasses) by listing them after
++rescue+:
+
+  begin
+    # ...
+  rescue ArgumentError, NameError
+    # handle ArgumentError or NameError
+  end
+
+You may rescue different types of exceptions in different ways:
+
+  begin
+    # ...
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    # handle ArgumentError
+  rescue NameError
+    # handle NameError
+  rescue
+    # handle any StandardError
+  end
+
+The exception is matched to the rescue section starting at the top, and matches
+only once.  If an ArgumentError is raised in the begin section it will not be
+handled in the StandardError section.
+
+To always run some code whether an exception was raised or not, use +ensure+:
+
+  begin
+    # ...
+  rescue
+    # ...
+  ensure
+    # this always runs
+  end
+
+You may also run some code when an exception is not raised:
+
+  begin
+    # ...
+  rescue
+    # ...
+  else
+    # this runs only when no exception was raised
+  ensure
+    # ...
+  end
+