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README.EXT
74
README.EXT
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@ -1493,25 +1493,25 @@ RB_EVENT_HOOKS_HAVE_CALLBACK_DATA ::
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See documentation for {mkmf}[rdoc-ref:MakeMakefile].
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= Appendix D. Generational GC
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Ruby 2.1 introduced a generational garbage collector (called RGenGC).
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Ruby 2.1 introduced a generational garbage collector (called RGenGC).
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RGenGC (mostly) keeps compatibility.
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Generally, the use of the technique called write barriers is required in
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extension libraries for generational GC
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(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29).
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Generally, the use of the technique called write barriers is required in
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extension libraries for generational GC
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(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29).
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RGenGC works fine without write barriers in extension libraries.
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If your library adheres to the following tips, performance can
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be further improved. Especially, the "Don't touch pointers directly" section is
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important.
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== Incompatibility
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You can't write RBASIC(obj)->klass field directly because it is const
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You can't write RBASIC(obj)->klass field directly because it is const
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value now.
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Basically you should not write this field because MRI expects it to be
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an immutable field, but if you want to do it in your extension you can
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Basically you should not write this field because MRI expects it to be
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an immutable field, but if you want to do it in your extension you can
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use the following functions:
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VALUE rb_obj_hide(VALUE obj) ::
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@ -1526,65 +1526,65 @@ VALUE rb_obj_reveal(VALUE obj, VALUE klass) ::
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== Write barriers
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RGenGC doesn't require write barriers to support generational GC.
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However, caring about write barrier can improve the performance of
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RGenGC doesn't require write barriers to support generational GC.
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However, caring about write barrier can improve the performance of
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RGenGC. Please check the following tips.
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=== Don't touch pointers directly
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In MRI (include/ruby/ruby.h), some macros to acquire pointers to the
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internal data structures are supported such as RARRAY_PTR(),
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In MRI (include/ruby/ruby.h), some macros to acquire pointers to the
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internal data structures are supported such as RARRAY_PTR(),
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RSTRUCT_PTR() and so on.
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DO NOT USE THESE MACROS and instead use the corresponding C-APIs such as
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DO NOT USE THESE MACROS and instead use the corresponding C-APIs such as
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rb_ary_aref(), rb_ary_store() and so on.
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=== Consider whether to insert write barriers
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You don't need to care about write barriers if you only use built-in
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You don't need to care about write barriers if you only use built-in
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types.
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If you support T_DATA objects, you may consider using write barriers.
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Inserting write barriers into T_DATA objects only works with the
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following type objects: (a) long-lived objects, (b) when a huge number
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of objects are generated and (c) container-type objects that have
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references to other objects. If your extension provides such a type of
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Inserting write barriers into T_DATA objects only works with the
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following type objects: (a) long-lived objects, (b) when a huge number
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of objects are generated and (c) container-type objects that have
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references to other objects. If your extension provides such a type of
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T_DATA objects, consider inserting write barriers.
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(a): short-lived objects don't become old generation objects.
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(b): only a few oldgen objects don't have performance impact.
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(c): only a few references don't have performance impact.
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Inserting write barriers is a very difficult hack, it is easy to
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introduce critical bugs. And inserting write barriers has several areas
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of overhead. Basically we don't recommend you insert write barriers.
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Inserting write barriers is a very difficult hack, it is easy to
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introduce critical bugs. And inserting write barriers has several areas
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of overhead. Basically we don't recommend you insert write barriers.
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Please carefully consider the risks.
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=== Combine with built-in types
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Please consider utilizing built-in types. Most built-in types support
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write barrier, so you can use them to avoid manually inserting write
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Please consider utilizing built-in types. Most built-in types support
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write barrier, so you can use them to avoid manually inserting write
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barriers.
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For example, if your T_DATA has references to other objects, then you
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can move these references to Array. A T_DATA object only has a reference
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to an array object. Or you can also use a Struct object to gather a
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T_DATA object (without any references) and an that Array contains
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For example, if your T_DATA has references to other objects, then you
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can move these references to Array. A T_DATA object only has a reference
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to an array object. Or you can also use a Struct object to gather a
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T_DATA object (without any references) and an that Array contains
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references.
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With use of such techniques, you don't need to insert write barriers
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With use of such techniques, you don't need to insert write barriers
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anymore.
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=== Insert write barriers
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[AGAIN] Inserting write barriers is a very difficult hack, and it is
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easy to introduce critical bugs. And inserting write barriers has
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several areas of overhead. Basically we don't recommend you insert write
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[AGAIN] Inserting write barriers is a very difficult hack, and it is
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easy to introduce critical bugs. And inserting write barriers has
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several areas of overhead. Basically we don't recommend you insert write
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barriers. Please carefully consider the risks.
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Before inserting write barriers, you need to know about RGenGC algorithm
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(gc.c will help you). Macros and functions to insert write barriers are
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Before inserting write barriers, you need to know about RGenGC algorithm
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(gc.c will help you). Macros and functions to insert write barriers are
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available in in include/ruby/ruby.h. An example is available in iseq.c.
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For a complete guide for RGenGC and write barriers, please refer to [...].
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@ -1637,10 +1637,10 @@ RGenGCは、過去の拡張ライブラリに(ほぼ)互換性を保つよ
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拡張ライブラリに高い性能が必要である場合は対応を検討して下さい。
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とくにRARRAY_PTR()/RHASH_PTR()のようなマクロを用いてポインタに直接アクセ
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スするようなコードは書かないようにして下さい。代わりに、rb_ary_aref(),
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スするようなコードは書かないようにして下さい。代わりに、rb_ary_aref(),
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rb_ary_store() などの、適切な API 関数を利用するようにして下さい。
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そのほか、対応についての詳細は README.ext の「Appendix D. Generational
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そのほか、対応についての詳細は README.ext の「Appendix D. Generational
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GC」を参照して下さい。
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/*
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