Update to ruby/spec@bacedc5

git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@60973 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

spec/ruby/.rubocop.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ Layout/TrailingWhitespace:
 Lint:
   Enabled: true
 
+# {...} has higher precedence than do ... end, on purpose
+Lint/AmbiguousBlockAssociation:
+  Enabled: false
+
 Lint/AssignmentInCondition:
   Enabled: false
 

spec/ruby/.rubocop_todo.yml

@@ -6,14 +6,6 @@
 # Note that changes in the inspected code, or installation of new
 # versions of RuboCop, may require this file to be generated again.
 
-# Offense count: 6
-Lint/AmbiguousBlockAssociation:
-  Exclude:
-    - 'core/kernel/trace_var_spec.rb'
-    - 'language/fixtures/argv_encoding.rb'
-    - 'language/fixtures/break.rb'
-    - 'shared/process/abort.rb'
-
 # Offense count: 3
 Lint/CircularArgumentReference:
   Exclude:
@@ -57,6 +49,8 @@ Lint/FormatParameterMismatch:
   Exclude:
     - 'core/kernel/sprintf_spec.rb'
     - 'core/string/modulo_spec.rb'
+    - 'core/kernel/shared/sprintf.rb'
+    - 'core/kernel/shared/sprintf_encoding.rb'
 
 # Offense count: 25
 Lint/HandleExceptions:

spec/ruby/command_line/rubyopt_spec.rb

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ describe "Processing RUBYOPT" do
     ruby_exe("")[/\A.*/].should == RUBY_DESCRIPTION
   end
 
+  it "ignores whitespace around the option" do
+    ENV["RUBYOPT"] = ' -v '
+    ruby_exe("")[/\A.*/].should == RUBY_DESCRIPTION
+  end
+
   it "sets $VERBOSE to true for '-w'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-w'
     ruby_exe("p $VERBOSE", escape: true).chomp.should == "true"

spec/ruby/core/array/append_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/push', __FILE__)
 
 describe "Array#<<" do
   it "pushes the object onto the end of the array" do
@@ -33,3 +34,9 @@ describe "Array#<<" do
     lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array << 5 }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
   end
 end
+
+ruby_version_is "2.5" do
+  describe "Array#append" do
+    it_behaves_like(:array_push, :append)
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/array/prepend_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/unshift', __FILE__)
+
+ruby_version_is "2.5" do
+  describe "Array#prepend" do
+    it_behaves_like(:array_unshift, :prepend)
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/array/push_spec.rb

@@ -1,36 +1,7 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/push', __FILE__)
 
 describe "Array#push" do
-  it "appends the arguments to the array" do
+  it_behaves_like(:array_push, :push)
-    a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
-    a.push("d", "e", "f").should equal(a)
-    a.push().should == ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
-    a.push(5)
-    a.should == ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", 5]
-
-    a = [0, 1]
-    a.push(2)
-    a.should == [0, 1, 2]
-  end
-
-  it "isn't confused by previous shift" do
-    a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
-    a.shift
-    a.push("foo")
-    a.should == ["b", "c", "foo"]
-  end
-
-  it "properly handles recursive arrays" do
-    empty = ArraySpecs.empty_recursive_array
-    empty.push(:last).should == [empty, :last]
-
-    array = ArraySpecs.recursive_array
-    array.push(:last).should == [1, 'two', 3.0, array, array, array, array, array, :last]
-  end
-
-  it "raises a RuntimeError on a frozen array" do
-    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.push(1) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
-    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.push }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
-  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/array/shared/push.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+describe :array_push, shared: true do
+  it "appends the arguments to the array" do
+    a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+    a.send(@method, "d", "e", "f").should equal(a)
+    a.send(@method).should == ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
+    a.send(@method, 5)
+    a.should == ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", 5]
+
+    a = [0, 1]
+    a.send(@method, 2)
+    a.should == [0, 1, 2]
+  end
+
+  it "isn't confused by previous shift" do
+    a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
+    a.shift
+    a.send(@method, "foo")
+    a.should == ["b", "c", "foo"]
+  end
+
+  it "properly handles recursive arrays" do
+    empty = ArraySpecs.empty_recursive_array
+    empty.send(@method, :last).should == [empty, :last]
+
+    array = ArraySpecs.recursive_array
+    array.send(@method, :last).should == [1, 'two', 3.0, array, array, array, array, array, :last]
+  end
+
+  it "raises a RuntimeError on a frozen array" do
+    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.send(@method, 1) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.send(@method) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/array/shared/unshift.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+describe :array_unshift, shared: true do
+  it "prepends object to the original array" do
+    a = [1, 2, 3]
+    a.send(@method, "a").should equal(a)
+    a.should == ['a', 1, 2, 3]
+    a.send(@method).should equal(a)
+    a.should == ['a', 1, 2, 3]
+    a.send(@method, 5, 4, 3)
+    a.should == [5, 4, 3, 'a', 1, 2, 3]
+
+    # shift all but one element
+    a = [1, 2]
+    a.shift
+    a.send(@method, 3, 4)
+    a.should == [3, 4, 2]
+
+    # now shift all elements
+    a.shift
+    a.shift
+    a.shift
+    a.send(@method, 3, 4)
+    a.should == [3, 4]
+  end
+
+  it "quietly ignores unshifting nothing" do
+    [].send(@method).should == []
+  end
+
+  it "properly handles recursive arrays" do
+    empty = ArraySpecs.empty_recursive_array
+    empty.send(@method, :new).should == [:new, empty]
+
+    array = ArraySpecs.recursive_array
+    array.send(@method, :new)
+    array[0..5].should == [:new, 1, 'two', 3.0, array, array]
+  end
+
+  it "raises a RuntimeError on a frozen array when the array is modified" do
+    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.send(@method, 1) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+  end
+
+  # see [ruby-core:23666]
+  it "raises a RuntimeError on a frozen array when the array would not be modified" do
+    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.send(@method) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/array/sort_spec.rb

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ describe "Array#sort" do
   it "does not deal with exceptions raised by unimplemented or incorrect #<=>" do
     o = Object.new
 
-    lambda { [o, 1].sort }.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      [o, 1].sort
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "may take a block which is used to determine the order of objects a and b described as -1, 0 or +1" do

spec/ruby/core/array/unshift_spec.rb

@@ -1,50 +1,7 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/unshift', __FILE__)
 
 describe "Array#unshift" do
-  it "prepends object to the original array" do
+  it_behaves_like(:array_unshift, :unshift)
-    a = [1, 2, 3]
-    a.unshift("a").should equal(a)
-    a.should == ['a', 1, 2, 3]
-    a.unshift().should equal(a)
-    a.should == ['a', 1, 2, 3]
-    a.unshift(5, 4, 3)
-    a.should == [5, 4, 3, 'a', 1, 2, 3]
-
-    # shift all but one element
-    a = [1, 2]
-    a.shift
-    a.unshift(3, 4)
-    a.should == [3, 4, 2]
-
-    # now shift all elements
-    a.shift
-    a.shift
-    a.shift
-    a.unshift(3, 4)
-    a.should == [3, 4]
-  end
-
-  it "quietly ignores unshifting nothing" do
-    [].unshift().should == []
-    [].unshift(*[]).should == []
-  end
-
-  it "properly handles recursive arrays" do
-    empty = ArraySpecs.empty_recursive_array
-    empty.unshift(:new).should == [:new, empty]
-
-    array = ArraySpecs.recursive_array
-    array.unshift(:new)
-    array[0..5].should == [:new, 1, 'two', 3.0, array, array]
-  end
-
-  it "raises a RuntimeError on a frozen array when the array is modified" do
-    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.unshift(1) }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
-  end
-
-  # see [ruby-core:23666]
-  it "raises a RuntimeError on a frozen array when the array would not be modified" do
-    lambda { ArraySpecs.frozen_array.unshift    }.should raise_error(RuntimeError)
-  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/bignum/exponent_spec.rb

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ describe "Bignum#**" do
   end
 
   it "raises a TypeError when given a non-Integer" do
-    lambda { @bignum ** mock('10') }.should raise_error
+    lambda { @bignum ** mock('10') }.should raise_error(TypeError)
-    lambda { @bignum ** "10" }.should raise_error
+    lambda { @bignum ** "10" }.should raise_error(TypeError)
-    lambda { @bignum ** :symbol }.should raise_error
+    lambda { @bignum ** :symbol }.should raise_error(TypeError)
   end
 
   it "switch to a Float when the values is too big" do

spec/ruby/core/dir/chroot_spec.rb

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ platform_is_not :windows do
         it "calls #to_path on non-String argument" do
           p = mock('path')
           p.should_receive(:to_path).and_return('.')
-          lambda { Dir.chroot(p) }.should raise_error
+          lambda { Dir.chroot(p) }.should raise_error(Errno::EPERM)
         end
       end
     end

spec/ruby/core/dir/shared/open.rb

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ describe :dir_open, shared: true do
     lambda do
       Dir.send(@method, DirSpecs.mock_dir) do |dir|
         closed_dir = dir
-        raise
+        raise "dir specs"
       end
-    end.should raise_error
+    end.should raise_error(RuntimeError, "dir specs")
 
     lambda { closed_dir.read }.should raise_error(IOError)
   end

spec/ruby/core/file/printf_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../../kernel/shared/sprintf', __FILE__)
+
+describe "File#printf" do
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
+    begin
+      @filename = tmp("printf.txt")
+
+      File.open(@filename, "w", encoding: "utf-8") do |f|
+        f.printf(format, *args)
+      end
+
+      File.read(@filename, encoding: "utf-8")
+    ensure
+      rm_r @filename
+    end
+  }
+end

spec/ruby/core/file/stat/blocks_spec.rb

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ describe "File::Stat#blocks" do
   end
 
   platform_is_not :windows do
-    it "returns the blocks of a File::Stat object" do
+    it "returns a non-negative integer" do
       st = File.stat(@file)
       st.blocks.is_a?(Integer).should == true
-      st.blocks.should > 0
+      st.blocks.should >= 0
     end
   end
 

spec/ruby/core/file/stat/new_spec.rb

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ describe "File::Stat#initialize" do
   end
 
   it "raises an exception if the file doesn't exist" do
-    lambda { File::Stat.new(tmp("i_am_a_dummy_file_that_doesnt_exist")) }.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      File::Stat.new(tmp("i_am_a_dummy_file_that_doesnt_exist"))
+    }.should raise_error(Errno::ENOENT)
   end
 
   it "creates a File::Stat object for the given file" do

spec/ruby/core/file/utime_spec.rb

@@ -33,4 +33,15 @@ describe "File.utime" do
   it "accepts an object that has a #to_path method" do
     File.utime(@atime, @mtime, mock_to_path(@file1), mock_to_path(@file2))
   end
+
+  platform_is :linux do
+    platform_is wordsize: 64 do
+      it "allows Time instances in the far future to set mtime and atime" do
+        time = Time.at(1<<44)
+        File.utime(time, time, @file1)
+        File.atime(@file1).year.should == 559444
+        File.mtime(@file1).year.should == 559444
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/io/read_nonblock_spec.rb

@@ -43,6 +43,16 @@ describe "IO#read_nonblock" do
     end
   end
 
+  platform_is_not :windows do
+    it 'sets the IO in nonblock mode' do
+      require 'io/nonblock'
+      @read.nonblock?.should == false
+      @write.write "abc"
+      @read.read_nonblock(1).should == "a"
+      @read.nonblock?.should == true
+    end
+  end
+
   it "returns at most the number of bytes requested" do
     @write << "hello"
     @read.read_nonblock(4).should == "hell"

spec/ruby/core/io/shared/each.rb

@@ -115,6 +115,47 @@ describe :io_each, shared: true do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "with both separator and limit" do
+    describe "when no block is given" do
+      it "returns an Enumerator" do
+        enum = @io.send(@method, nil, 1024)
+        enum.should be_an_instance_of(Enumerator)
+
+        enum.each { |l| ScratchPad << l }
+        ScratchPad.recorded.should == [IOSpecs.lines.join]
+      end
+
+      describe "returned Enumerator" do
+        describe "size" do
+          it "should return nil" do
+            @io.send(@method, nil, 1024).size.should == nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "when a block is given" do
+      it "accepts an empty block" do
+        @io.send(@method, nil, 1024) {}.should equal(@io)
+      end
+
+      describe "when passed nil as a separator" do
+        it "yields self's content starting from the current position when the passed separator is nil" do
+          @io.pos = 100
+          @io.send(@method, nil, 1024) { |s| ScratchPad << s }
+          ScratchPad.recorded.should == ["qui a linha cinco.\nHere is line six.\n"]
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe "when passed an empty String as a separator" do
+        it "yields each paragraph" do
+          @io.send(@method, "", 1024) { |s| ScratchPad << s }
+          ScratchPad.recorded.should == IOSpecs.paragraphs
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   ruby_version_is "2.4" do
     describe "when passed chomp" do
       it "yields each line without trailing newline characters to the passed block" do

spec/ruby/core/io/sysread_spec.rb

@@ -80,3 +80,19 @@ describe "IO#sysread on a file" do
     lambda { IOSpecs.closed_io.sysread(5) }.should raise_error(IOError)
   end
 end
+
+describe "IO#sysread" do
+  before do
+    @read, @write = IO.pipe
+  end
+
+  after do
+    @read.close
+    @write.close
+  end
+
+  it "returns a smaller string if less than size bytes are available" do
+    @write.syswrite "ab"
+    @read.sysread(3).should == "ab"
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/io/write_nonblock_spec.rb

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ platform_is_not :windows do
     end
 
     it "checks if the file is writable if writing zero bytes" do
-      lambda { @readonly_file.write_nonblock("") }.should raise_error
+      lambda {
+         @readonly_file.write_nonblock("")
+      }.should raise_error(IOError)
     end
   end
 
@@ -73,4 +75,12 @@ describe 'IO#write_nonblock' do
     end
   end
 
+  platform_is_not :windows do
+    it 'sets the IO in nonblock mode' do
+      require 'io/nonblock'
+      @write.nonblock?.should == false
+      @write.write_nonblock('a')
+      @write.nonblock?.should == true
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/kernel/open_spec.rb

@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@ describe "Kernel#open" do
       @io = open("|date")
       begin
         @io.should be_kind_of(IO)
+        @io.read
       ensure
         @io.close
       end
     end
 
     it "opens an io when called with a block" do
-      @output = open("|date") { |f| f.gets }
+      @output = open("|date") { |f| f.read }
       @output.should_not == ''
     end
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ describe "Kernel#open" do
     end
 
     it "opens an io when called with a block" do
-      @output = open("|date /t") { |f| f.gets }
+      @output = open("|date /t") { |f| f.read }
       @output.should_not == ''
     end
   end

spec/ruby/core/kernel/printf_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/sprintf', __FILE__)
+require "stringio"
 
 describe "Kernel#printf" do
   it "is a private method" do
@@ -31,4 +33,29 @@ describe "Kernel.printf" do
     object.should_receive(:write).with("string")
     Kernel.printf(object, "%s", "string")
   end
+
+  describe "formatting" do
+    context "io is specified" do
+      it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
+        io = StringIO.new
+        printf(io, format, *args)
+        io.string
+      }
     end
+
+    context "io is not specified" do
+      it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
+        stdout = $stdout
+
+        begin
+          $stdout = io = StringIO.new
+          printf(format, *args)
+          io.string
+        ensure
+          $stdout = stdout
+        end
+      }
+    end
+  end
+end
+

spec/ruby/core/kernel/shared/sprintf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,871 @@
+describe :kernel_sprintf, shared: true do
+  def format(*args)
+    @method.call(*args)
+  end
+
+  describe "integer formats" do
+    it "converts argument into Integer with to_int" do
+      obj = Object.new
+      def obj.to_i; 10; end
+      def obj.to_int; 10; end
+
+      obj.should_receive(:to_int).and_return(10)
+      format("%b", obj).should == "1010"
+    end
+
+    it "converts argument into Integer with to_i if to_int isn't available" do
+      obj = Object.new
+      def obj.to_i; 10; end
+
+      obj.should_receive(:to_i).and_return(10)
+      format("%b", obj).should == "1010"
+    end
+
+    it "converts String argument with Kernel#Integer" do
+      format("%d", "0b1010").should == "10"
+      format("%d", "112").should == "112"
+      format("%d", "0127").should == "87"
+      format("%d", "0xc4").should == "196"
+    end
+
+    it "raises TypeError exception if cannot convert to Integer" do
+      -> () {
+        format("%b", Object.new)
+      }.should raise_error(TypeError)
+    end
+
+    ["b", "B"].each do |f|
+      describe f do
+        it "converts argument as a binary number" do
+          format("%#{f}", 10).should == "1010"
+        end
+
+        it "displays negative number as a two's complement prefixed with '..1'" do
+          format("%#{f}", -10).should == "..1" + "0110"
+        end
+
+        it "collapse negative number representation if it equals 1" do
+          format("%#{f}", -1).should_not == "..11"
+          format("%#{f}", -1).should == "..1"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ["d", "i", "u"].each do |f|
+      describe f do
+        it "converts argument as a decimal number" do
+          format("%#{f}", 112).should == "112"
+          format("%#{f}", -112).should == "-112"
+        end
+
+        it "works well with large numbers" do
+          format("%#{f}", 1234567890987654321).should == "1234567890987654321"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "o" do
+      it "converts argument as an octal number" do
+        format("%o", 87).should == "127"
+      end
+
+      it "displays negative number as a two's complement prefixed with '..7'" do
+        format("%o", -87).should == "..7" + "651"
+      end
+
+      it "collapse negative number representation if it equals 7" do
+        format("%o", -1).should_not == "..77"
+        format("%o", -1).should == "..7"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "x" do
+      it "converts argument as a hexadecimal number" do
+        format("%x", 196).should == "c4"
+      end
+
+      it "displays negative number as a two's complement prefixed with '..f'" do
+        format("%x", -196).should == "..f" + "3c"
+      end
+
+      it "collapse negative number representation if it equals f" do
+        format("%x", -1).should_not == "..ff"
+        format("%x", -1).should == "..f"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "X" do
+      it "converts argument as a hexadecimal number with uppercase letters" do
+        format("%X", 196).should == "C4"
+      end
+
+      it "displays negative number as a two's complement prefixed with '..f'" do
+        format("%X", -196).should == "..F" + "3C"
+      end
+
+      it "collapse negative number representation if it equals F" do
+        format("%X", -1).should_not == "..FF"
+        format("%X", -1).should == "..F"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "float formats" do
+    it "converts argument into Float" do
+      obj = mock("float")
+      obj.should_receive(:to_f).and_return(9.6)
+      format("%f", obj).should == "9.600000"
+    end
+
+    it "raises TypeError exception if cannot convert to Float" do
+      -> () {
+        format("%f", Object.new)
+      }.should raise_error(TypeError)
+    end
+
+    {"e" => "e", "E" => "E"}.each_pair do |f, exp|
+      describe f do
+        it "converts argument into exponential notation [-]d.dddddde[+-]dd" do
+          format("%#{f}", 109.52).should == "1.095200#{exp}+02"
+          format("%#{f}", -109.52).should == "-1.095200#{exp}+02"
+          format("%#{f}", 0.10952).should == "1.095200#{exp}-01"
+          format("%#{f}", -0.10952).should == "-1.095200#{exp}-01"
+        end
+
+        it "cuts excessive digits and keeps only 6 ones" do
+          format("%#{f}", 1.123456789).should == "1.123457#{exp}+00"
+        end
+
+        it "rounds the last significant digit to the closest one" do
+          format("%#{f}", 1.555555555).should == "1.555556#{exp}+00"
+          format("%#{f}", -1.555555555).should == "-1.555556#{exp}+00"
+          format("%#{f}", 1.444444444).should == "1.444444#{exp}+00"
+        end
+
+        it "displays Float::INFINITY as Inf" do
+          format("%#{f}", Float::INFINITY).should == "Inf"
+          format("%#{f}", -Float::INFINITY).should == "-Inf"
+        end
+
+        it "displays Float::NAN as NaN" do
+          format("%#{f}", Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+          format("%#{f}", -Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "f" do
+      it "converts floating point argument as [-]ddd.dddddd" do
+        format("%f", 10.952).should == "10.952000"
+        format("%f", -10.952).should == "-10.952000"
+      end
+
+      it "cuts excessive digits and keeps only 6 ones" do
+        format("%f", 1.123456789).should == "1.123457"
+      end
+
+      it "rounds the last significant digit to the closest one" do
+        format("%f", 1.555555555).should == "1.555556"
+        format("%f", -1.555555555).should == "-1.555556"
+        format("%f", 1.444444444).should == "1.444444"
+      end
+
+      it "displays Float::INFINITY as Inf" do
+        format("%f", Float::INFINITY).should == "Inf"
+        format("%f", -Float::INFINITY).should == "-Inf"
+      end
+
+      it "displays Float::NAN as NaN" do
+        format("%f", Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+        format("%f", -Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+      end
+    end
+
+    {"g" => "e", "G" => "E"}.each_pair do |f, exp|
+      describe f do
+        context "the exponent is less than -4" do
+          it "converts a floating point number using exponential form" do
+            format("%#{f}", 0.0000123456).should == "1.23456#{exp}-05"
+            format("%#{f}", -0.0000123456).should == "-1.23456#{exp}-05"
+
+            format("%#{f}", 0.000000000123456).should == "1.23456#{exp}-10"
+            format("%#{f}", -0.000000000123456).should == "-1.23456#{exp}-10"
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "the exponent is greater than or equal to the precision (6 by default)" do
+          it "converts a floating point number using exponential form" do
+            format("%#{f}", 1234567).should == "1.23457#{exp}+06"
+            format("%#{f}", 1234567890123).should == "1.23457#{exp}+12"
+            format("%#{f}", -1234567).should == "-1.23457#{exp}+06"
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "otherwise" do
+          it "converts a floating point number in dd.dddd form" do
+            format("%#{f}", 0.0001).should == "0.0001"
+            format("%#{f}", -0.0001).should == "-0.0001"
+            format("%#{f}", 123456).should == "123456"
+            format("%#{f}", -123456).should == "-123456"
+          end
+
+          it "cuts excessive digits in fractional part and keeps only 4 ones" do
+            format("%#{f}", 12.12341111).should == "12.1234"
+            format("%#{f}", -12.12341111).should == "-12.1234"
+          end
+
+          it "rounds the last significant digit to the closest one in fractional part" do
+            format("%#{f}", 1.555555555).should == "1.55556"
+            format("%#{f}", -1.555555555).should == "-1.55556"
+            format("%#{f}", 1.444444444).should == "1.44444"
+          end
+
+          it "cuts fraction part to have only 6 digits at all" do
+            format("%#{f}", 1.1234567).should == "1.12346"
+            format("%#{f}", 12.1234567).should == "12.1235"
+            format("%#{f}", 123.1234567).should == "123.123"
+            format("%#{f}", 1234.1234567).should == "1234.12"
+            format("%#{f}", 12345.1234567).should == "12345.1"
+            format("%#{f}", 123456.1234567).should == "123456"
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "displays Float::INFINITY as Inf" do
+          format("%#{f}", Float::INFINITY).should == "Inf"
+          format("%#{f}", -Float::INFINITY).should == "-Inf"
+        end
+
+        it "displays Float::NAN as NaN" do
+          format("%#{f}", Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+          format("%#{f}", -Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "a" do
+      it "converts floating point argument as [-]0xh.hhhhp[+-]dd" do
+        format("%a", 196).should == "0x1.88p+7"
+        format("%a", -196).should == "-0x1.88p+7"
+        format("%a", 196.1).should == "0x1.8833333333333p+7"
+        format("%a", 0.01).should == "0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7"
+        format("%a", -0.01).should == "-0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7"
+      end
+
+      it "displays Float::INFINITY as Inf" do
+        format("%a", Float::INFINITY).should == "Inf"
+        format("%a", -Float::INFINITY).should == "-Inf"
+      end
+
+      it "displays Float::NAN as NaN" do
+        format("%a", Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+        format("%a", -Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "A" do
+      it "converts floating point argument as [-]0xh.hhhhp[+-]dd and use uppercase X and P" do
+        format("%A", 196).should == "0X1.88P+7"
+        format("%A", -196).should == "-0X1.88P+7"
+        format("%A", 196.1).should == "0X1.8833333333333P+7"
+        format("%A", 0.01).should == "0X1.47AE147AE147BP-7"
+        format("%A", -0.01).should == "-0X1.47AE147AE147BP-7"
+      end
+
+      it "displays Float::INFINITY as Inf" do
+        format("%A", Float::INFINITY).should == "Inf"
+        format("%A", -Float::INFINITY).should == "-Inf"
+      end
+
+      it "displays Float::NAN as NaN" do
+        format("%A", Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+        format("%A", -Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "other formats" do
+    describe "c" do
+      it "displays character if argument is a numeric code of character" do
+        format("%c", 97).should == "a"
+      end
+
+      it "displays character if argument is a single character string" do
+        format("%c", "a").should == "a"
+      end
+
+      it "raises ArgumentError if argument is a string of several characters" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%c", "abc")
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+
+      it "raises ArgumentError if argument is an empty string" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%c", "")
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+
+      it "supports Unicode characters" do
+        format("%c", 1286).should == "Ԇ"
+        format("%c", "ش").should == "ش"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "p" do
+      it "displays argument.inspect value" do
+        obj = mock("object")
+        obj.should_receive(:inspect).and_return("<inspect-result>")
+        format("%p", obj).should == "<inspect-result>"
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "s" do
+      it "substitute argument passes as a string" do
+        format("%s", "abc").should == "abc"
+      end
+
+      it "converts argument to string with to_s" do
+        obj = mock("string")
+        obj.should_receive(:to_s).and_return("abc")
+        format("%s", obj).should == "abc"
+      end
+
+      it "does not try to convert with to_str" do
+        obj = BasicObject.new
+        def obj.to_str
+          "abc"
+        end
+
+        -> () {
+          format("%s", obj)
+        }.should raise_error(NoMethodError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "%" do
+      ruby_version_is ""..."2.5" do
+        it "alone displays the percent sign" do
+          format("%").should == "%"
+        end
+      end
+
+      ruby_version_is "2.5" do
+        it "alone raises an ArgumentError" do
+          -> {
+            format("%")
+          }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "is escaped by %" do
+        format("%%").should == "%"
+        format("%%d", 10).should == "%d"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "flags" do
+    describe "space" do
+      context "applies to numeric formats bBdiouxXeEfgGaA" do
+        it "leaves a space at the start of non-negative numbers" do
+          format("% b", 10).should == " 1010"
+          format("% B", 10).should == " 1010"
+          format("% d", 112).should == " 112"
+          format("% i", 112).should == " 112"
+          format("% o", 87).should == " 127"
+          format("% u", 112).should == " 112"
+          format("% x", 196).should == " c4"
+          format("% X", 196).should == " C4"
+
+          format("% e", 109.52).should == " 1.095200e+02"
+          format("% E", 109.52).should == " 1.095200E+02"
+          format("% f", 10.952).should == " 10.952000"
+          format("% g", 12.1234).should == " 12.1234"
+          format("% G", 12.1234).should == " 12.1234"
+          format("% a", 196).should == " 0x1.88p+7"
+          format("% A", 196).should == " 0X1.88P+7"
+        end
+
+        it "does not leave a space at the start of negative numbers" do
+          format("% b", -10).should == "-1010"
+          format("% B", -10).should == "-1010"
+          format("% d", -112).should == "-112"
+          format("% i", -112).should == "-112"
+          format("% o", -87).should == "-127"
+          format("% u", -112).should == "-112"
+          format("% x", -196).should == "-c4"
+          format("% X", -196).should == "-C4"
+
+          format("% e", -109.52).should == "-1.095200e+02"
+          format("% E", -109.52).should == "-1.095200E+02"
+          format("% f", -10.952).should == "-10.952000"
+          format("% g", -12.1234).should == "-12.1234"
+          format("% G", -12.1234).should == "-12.1234"
+          format("% a", -196).should == "-0x1.88p+7"
+          format("% A", -196).should == "-0X1.88P+7"
+        end
+
+        it "prevents converting negative argument to two's complement form" do
+          format("% b", -10).should == "-1010"
+          format("% B", -10).should == "-1010"
+          format("% o", -87).should == "-127"
+          format("% x", -196).should == "-c4"
+          format("% X", -196).should == "-C4"
+        end
+
+        it "treats several white spaces as one" do
+          format("%     b", 10).should == " 1010"
+          format("%     B", 10).should == " 1010"
+          format("%     d", 112).should == " 112"
+          format("%     i", 112).should == " 112"
+          format("%     o", 87).should == " 127"
+          format("%     u", 112).should == " 112"
+          format("%     x", 196).should == " c4"
+          format("%     X", 196).should == " C4"
+
+          format("%     e", 109.52).should == " 1.095200e+02"
+          format("%     E", 109.52).should == " 1.095200E+02"
+          format("%     f", 10.952).should == " 10.952000"
+          format("%     g", 12.1234).should == " 12.1234"
+          format("%     G", 12.1234).should == " 12.1234"
+          format("%     a", 196).should == " 0x1.88p+7"
+          format("%     A", 196).should == " 0X1.88P+7"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "(digit)$" do
+      it "specifies the absolute argument number for this field" do
+        format("%2$b", 0, 10).should == "1010"
+        format("%2$B", 0, 10).should == "1010"
+        format("%2$d", 0, 112).should == "112"
+        format("%2$i", 0, 112).should == "112"
+        format("%2$o", 0, 87).should == "127"
+        format("%2$u", 0, 112).should == "112"
+        format("%2$x", 0, 196).should == "c4"
+        format("%2$X", 0, 196).should == "C4"
+
+        format("%2$e", 0, 109.52).should == "1.095200e+02"
+        format("%2$E", 0, 109.52).should == "1.095200E+02"
+        format("%2$f", 0, 10.952).should == "10.952000"
+        format("%2$g", 0, 12.1234).should == "12.1234"
+        format("%2$G", 0, 12.1234).should == "12.1234"
+        format("%2$a", 0, 196).should == "0x1.88p+7"
+        format("%2$A", 0, 196).should == "0X1.88P+7"
+
+        format("%2$c", 1, 97).should == "a"
+        format("%2$p", "a", []).should == "[]"
+        format("%2$s", "-", "abc").should == "abc"
+      end
+
+      it "raises exception if argument number is bigger than actual arguments list" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%4$d", 1, 2, 3)
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+
+      it "ignores '-' sign" do
+        format("%2$d", 1, 2, 3).should == "2"
+        format("%-2$d", 1, 2, 3).should == "2"
+      end
+
+      it "raises ArgumentError exception when absolute and relative argument numbers are mixed" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%1$d %d", 1, 2)
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#" do
+      context "applies to format o" do
+        it "increases the precision until the first digit will be `0' if it is not formatted as complements" do
+          format("%#o", 87).should == "0127"
+        end
+
+        it "does nothing for negative argument" do
+          format("%#o", -87).should == "..7651"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "applies to formats bBxX" do
+        it "prefixes the result with 0x, 0X, 0b and 0B respectively for non-zero argument" do
+          format("%#b", 10).should == "0b1010"
+          format("%#b", -10).should == "0b..10110"
+          format("%#B", 10).should == "0B1010"
+          format("%#B", -10).should == "0B..10110"
+
+          format("%#x", 196).should == "0xc4"
+          format("%#x", -196).should == "0x..f3c"
+          format("%#X", 196).should == "0XC4"
+          format("%#X", -196).should == "0X..F3C"
+        end
+
+        it "does nothing for zero argument" do
+          format("%#b", 0).should == "0"
+          format("%#B", 0).should == "0"
+
+          format("%#o", 0).should == "0"
+
+          format("%#x", 0).should == "0"
+          format("%#X", 0).should == "0"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "applies to formats aAeEfgG" do
+        it "forces a decimal point to be added, even if no digits follow" do
+          format("%#.0a", 16.25).should == "0x1.p+4"
+          format("%#.0A", 16.25).should == "0X1.P+4"
+
+          format("%#.0e", 100).should == "1.e+02"
+          format("%#.0E", 100).should == "1.E+02"
+
+          format("%#.0f", 123.4).should == "123."
+
+          format("%#g", 123456).should == "123456."
+          format("%#G", 123456).should == "123456."
+        end
+
+        it "changes format from dd.dddd to exponential form for gG" do
+          format("%#.0g", 123.4).should_not == "123."
+          format("%#.0g", 123.4).should == "1.e+02"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "applies to gG" do
+        it "does not remove trailing zeros" do
+          format("%#g", 123.4).should == "123.400"
+          format("%#g", 123.4).should == "123.400"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "+" do
+      context "applies to numeric formats bBdiouxXaAeEfgG" do
+        it "adds a leading plus sign to non-negative numbers" do
+          format("%+b", 10).should == "+1010"
+          format("%+B", 10).should == "+1010"
+          format("%+d", 112).should == "+112"
+          format("%+i", 112).should == "+112"
+          format("%+o", 87).should == "+127"
+          format("%+u", 112).should == "+112"
+          format("%+x", 196).should == "+c4"
+          format("%+X", 196).should == "+C4"
+
+          format("%+e", 109.52).should == "+1.095200e+02"
+          format("%+E", 109.52).should == "+1.095200E+02"
+          format("%+f", 10.952).should == "+10.952000"
+          format("%+g", 12.1234).should == "+12.1234"
+          format("%+G", 12.1234).should == "+12.1234"
+          format("%+a", 196).should == "+0x1.88p+7"
+          format("%+A", 196).should == "+0X1.88P+7"
+        end
+
+        it "does not use two's complement form for negative numbers for formats bBoxX" do
+          format("%+b", -10).should == "-1010"
+          format("%+B", -10).should == "-1010"
+          format("%+o", -87).should == "-127"
+          format("%+x", -196).should == "-c4"
+          format("%+X", -196).should == "-C4"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "-" do
+      it "left-justifies the result of conversion if width is specified" do
+        format("%-10b", 10).should == "1010      "
+        format("%-10B", 10).should == "1010      "
+        format("%-10d", 112).should == "112       "
+        format("%-10i", 112).should == "112       "
+        format("%-10o", 87).should == "127       "
+        format("%-10u", 112).should == "112       "
+        format("%-10x", 196).should == "c4        "
+        format("%-10X", 196).should == "C4        "
+
+        format("%-20e", 109.52).should == "1.095200e+02        "
+        format("%-20E", 109.52).should == "1.095200E+02        "
+        format("%-20f", 10.952).should == "10.952000           "
+        format("%-20g", 12.1234).should == "12.1234             "
+        format("%-20G", 12.1234).should == "12.1234             "
+        format("%-20a", 196).should == "0x1.88p+7           "
+        format("%-20A", 196).should == "0X1.88P+7           "
+
+        format("%-10c", 97).should == "a         "
+        format("%-10p", []).should == "[]        "
+        format("%-10s", "abc").should == "abc       "
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "0 (zero)" do
+      context "applies to numeric formats bBdiouxXaAeEfgG and width is specified" do
+        it "pads with zeros, not spaces" do
+          format("%010b", 10).should == "0000001010"
+          format("%010B", 10).should == "0000001010"
+          format("%010d", 112).should == "0000000112"
+          format("%010i", 112).should == "0000000112"
+          format("%010o", 87).should == "0000000127"
+          format("%010u", 112).should == "0000000112"
+          format("%010x", 196).should == "00000000c4"
+          format("%010X", 196).should == "00000000C4"
+
+          format("%020e", 109.52).should == "000000001.095200e+02"
+          format("%020E", 109.52).should == "000000001.095200E+02"
+          format("%020f", 10.952).should == "0000000000010.952000"
+          format("%020g", 12.1234).should == "000000000000012.1234"
+          format("%020G", 12.1234).should == "000000000000012.1234"
+          format("%020a", 196).should == "0x000000000001.88p+7"
+          format("%020A", 196).should == "0X000000000001.88P+7"
+        end
+
+        it "uses radix-1 when displays negative argument as a two's complement" do
+          format("%010b", -10).should == "..11110110"
+          format("%010B", -10).should == "..11110110"
+          format("%010o", -87).should == "..77777651"
+          format("%010x", -196).should == "..ffffff3c"
+          format("%010X", -196).should == "..FFFFFF3C"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "*" do
+      it "uses the previous argument as the field width" do
+        format("%*b", 10, 10).should == "      1010"
+        format("%*B", 10, 10).should == "      1010"
+        format("%*d", 10, 112).should == "       112"
+        format("%*i", 10, 112).should == "       112"
+        format("%*o", 10, 87).should == "       127"
+        format("%*u", 10, 112).should == "       112"
+        format("%*x", 10, 196).should == "        c4"
+        format("%*X", 10, 196).should == "        C4"
+
+        format("%*e", 20, 109.52).should == "        1.095200e+02"
+        format("%*E", 20, 109.52).should == "        1.095200E+02"
+        format("%*f", 20, 10.952).should == "           10.952000"
+        format("%*g", 20, 12.1234).should == "             12.1234"
+        format("%*G", 20, 12.1234).should == "             12.1234"
+        format("%*a", 20, 196).should == "           0x1.88p+7"
+        format("%*A", 20, 196).should == "           0X1.88P+7"
+
+        format("%*c", 10, 97).should == "         a"
+        format("%*p", 10, []).should == "        []"
+        format("%*s", 10, "abc").should == "       abc"
+      end
+
+      it "left-justifies the result if width is negative" do
+        format("%*b", -10, 10).should == "1010      "
+        format("%*B", -10, 10).should == "1010      "
+        format("%*d", -10, 112).should == "112       "
+        format("%*i", -10, 112).should == "112       "
+        format("%*o", -10, 87).should == "127       "
+        format("%*u", -10, 112).should == "112       "
+        format("%*x", -10, 196).should == "c4        "
+        format("%*X", -10, 196).should == "C4        "
+
+        format("%*e", -20, 109.52).should == "1.095200e+02        "
+        format("%*E", -20, 109.52).should == "1.095200E+02        "
+        format("%*f", -20, 10.952).should == "10.952000           "
+        format("%*g", -20, 12.1234).should == "12.1234             "
+        format("%*G", -20, 12.1234).should == "12.1234             "
+        format("%*a", -20, 196).should == "0x1.88p+7           "
+        format("%*A", -20, 196).should == "0X1.88P+7           "
+
+        format("%*c", -10, 97).should == "a         "
+        format("%*p", -10, []).should == "[]        "
+        format("%*s", -10, "abc").should == "abc       "
+      end
+
+      it "uses the specified argument as the width if * is followed by a number and $" do
+        format("%1$*2$b", 10, 10).should == "      1010"
+        format("%1$*2$B", 10, 10).should == "      1010"
+        format("%1$*2$d", 112, 10).should == "       112"
+        format("%1$*2$i", 112, 10).should == "       112"
+        format("%1$*2$o", 87, 10).should == "       127"
+        format("%1$*2$u", 112, 10).should == "       112"
+        format("%1$*2$x", 196, 10).should == "        c4"
+        format("%1$*2$X", 196, 10).should == "        C4"
+
+        format("%1$*2$e", 109.52, 20).should == "        1.095200e+02"
+        format("%1$*2$E", 109.52, 20).should == "        1.095200E+02"
+        format("%1$*2$f", 10.952, 20).should == "           10.952000"
+        format("%1$*2$g", 12.1234, 20).should == "             12.1234"
+        format("%1$*2$G", 12.1234, 20).should == "             12.1234"
+        format("%1$*2$a", 196, 20).should == "           0x1.88p+7"
+        format("%1$*2$A", 196, 20).should == "           0X1.88P+7"
+
+        format("%1$*2$c", 97, 10).should == "         a"
+        format("%1$*2$p", [], 10).should == "        []"
+        format("%1$*2$s", "abc", 10).should == "       abc"
+      end
+
+      it "left-justifies the result if specified with $ argument is negative" do
+        format("%1$*2$b", 10, -10).should == "1010      "
+        format("%1$*2$B", 10, -10).should == "1010      "
+        format("%1$*2$d", 112, -10).should == "112       "
+        format("%1$*2$i", 112, -10).should == "112       "
+        format("%1$*2$o", 87, -10).should == "127       "
+        format("%1$*2$u", 112, -10).should == "112       "
+        format("%1$*2$x", 196, -10).should == "c4        "
+        format("%1$*2$X", 196, -10).should == "C4        "
+
+        format("%1$*2$e", 109.52, -20).should == "1.095200e+02        "
+        format("%1$*2$E", 109.52, -20).should == "1.095200E+02        "
+        format("%1$*2$f", 10.952, -20).should == "10.952000           "
+        format("%1$*2$g", 12.1234, -20).should == "12.1234             "
+        format("%1$*2$G", 12.1234, -20).should == "12.1234             "
+        format("%1$*2$a", 196, -20).should == "0x1.88p+7           "
+        format("%1$*2$A", 196, -20).should == "0X1.88P+7           "
+
+        format("%1$*2$c", 97, -10).should == "a         "
+        format("%1$*2$p", [], -10).should == "[]        "
+        format("%1$*2$s", "abc", -10).should == "abc       "
+      end
+
+      it "raises ArgumentError when is mixed with width" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%*10d", 10, 112)
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "width" do
+    it "specifies the minimum number of characters that will be written to the result" do
+      format("%10b", 10).should == "      1010"
+      format("%10B", 10).should == "      1010"
+      format("%10d", 112).should == "       112"
+      format("%10i", 112).should == "       112"
+      format("%10o", 87).should == "       127"
+      format("%10u", 112).should == "       112"
+      format("%10x", 196).should == "        c4"
+      format("%10X", 196).should == "        C4"
+
+      format("%20e", 109.52).should == "        1.095200e+02"
+      format("%20E", 109.52).should == "        1.095200E+02"
+      format("%20f", 10.952).should == "           10.952000"
+      format("%20g", 12.1234).should == "             12.1234"
+      format("%20G", 12.1234).should == "             12.1234"
+      format("%20a", 196).should == "           0x1.88p+7"
+      format("%20A", 196).should == "           0X1.88P+7"
+
+      format("%10c", 97).should == "         a"
+      format("%10p", []).should == "        []"
+      format("%10s", "abc").should == "       abc"
+    end
+
+    it "is ignored if argument's actual length is greater" do
+      format("%5d", 1234567890).should == "1234567890"
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "precision" do
+    context "integer types" do
+      it "controls the number of decimal places displayed" do
+        format("%.6b", 10).should == "001010"
+        format("%.6B", 10).should == "001010"
+        format("%.5d", 112).should == "00112"
+        format("%.5i", 112).should == "00112"
+        format("%.5o", 87).should == "00127"
+        format("%.5u", 112).should == "00112"
+
+        format("%.5x", 196).should == "000c4"
+        format("%.5X", 196).should == "000C4"
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "float types" do
+      it "controls the number of decimal places displayed in fraction part" do
+        format("%.10e", 109.52).should == "1.0952000000e+02"
+        format("%.10E", 109.52).should == "1.0952000000E+02"
+        format("%.10f", 10.952).should == "10.9520000000"
+        format("%.10a", 196).should == "0x1.8800000000p+7"
+        format("%.10A", 196).should == "0X1.8800000000P+7"
+      end
+
+      it "does not affect G format" do
+        format("%.10g", 12.1234).should == "12.1234"
+        format("%.10g", 123456789).should == "123456789"
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "string formats" do
+      it "determines the maximum number of characters to be copied from the string" do
+        format("%.1p", [1]).should == "["
+        format("%.2p", [1]).should == "[1"
+        format("%.10p", [1]).should == "[1]"
+        format("%.0p", [1]).should == ""
+
+        format("%.1s", "abc").should == "a"
+        format("%.2s", "abc").should == "ab"
+        format("%.10s", "abc").should == "abc"
+        format("%.0s", "abc").should == ""
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "reference by name" do
+    describe "%<name>s style" do
+      it "uses value passed in a hash argument" do
+        format("%<foo>d", foo: 123).should == "123"
+      end
+
+      it "supports flags, width, precision and type" do
+        format("%+20.10<foo>f", foo: 10.952).should == "      +10.9520000000"
+      end
+
+      it "allows to place name in any position" do
+        format("%+15.5<foo>f", foo: 10.952).should == "      +10.95200"
+        format("%+15<foo>.5f", foo: 10.952).should == "      +10.95200"
+        format("%+<foo>15.5f", foo: 10.952).should == "      +10.95200"
+        format("%<foo>+15.5f", foo: 10.952).should == "      +10.95200"
+      end
+
+      it "cannot be mixed with unnamed style" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%d %<foo>d", 1, foo: "123")
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+
+      it "raises KeyError when there is no matching key" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%<foo>s", {})
+        }.should raise_error(KeyError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "%{name} style" do
+      it "uses value passed in a hash argument" do
+        format("%{foo}", foo: 123).should == "123"
+      end
+
+      it "does not support type style" do
+        format("%{foo}d", foo: 123).should == "123d"
+      end
+
+      it "supports flags, width and precision" do
+        format("%-20.5{foo}", foo: "123456789").should == "12345               "
+      end
+
+      it "cannot be mixed with unnamed style" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%d %{foo}", 1, foo: "123")
+        }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+      end
+
+      it "raises KeyError when there is no matching key" do
+        -> () {
+          format("%{foo}", {})
+        }.should raise_error(KeyError)
+      end
+
+      it "converts value to String with to_s" do
+        obj = Object.new
+        def obj.to_s; end
+        def obj.to_str; end
+
+        obj.should_receive(:to_s).and_return("42")
+        obj.should_not_receive(:to_str)
+
+        format("%{foo}", foo: obj).should == "42"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/kernel/shared/sprintf_encoding.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+describe :kernel_sprintf_encoding, shared: true do
+  def format(*args)
+    @method.call(*args)
+  end
+
+  it "returns a String in the same encoding as the format String if compatible" do
+    string = "%s".force_encoding(Encoding::KOI8_U)
+    result = format(string, "dogs")
+    result.encoding.should equal(Encoding::KOI8_U)
+  end
+
+  it "returns a String in the argument's encoding if format encoding is more restrictive" do
+    string = "foo %s".force_encoding(Encoding::US_ASCII)
+    argument = "b\303\274r".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+
+    result = format(string, argument)
+    result.encoding.should equal(Encoding::UTF_8)
+  end
+
+  it "raises Encoding::CompatibilityError if both encodings are ASCII compatible and there ano not ASCII characters" do
+    string = "Ä %s".encode('windows-1252')
+    argument = "Ђ".encode('windows-1251')
+
+    -> () {
+      format(string, argument)
+    }.should raise_error(Encoding::CompatibilityError)
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/kernel/sprintf_spec.rb

@@ -1,310 +1,24 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/sprintf', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../shared/sprintf_encoding', __FILE__)
 
 describe "Kernel#sprintf" do
-  it "is a private method" do
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
-    Kernel.should have_private_instance_method(:sprintf)
+    sprintf(format, *args)
-  end
+  }
 
-  it "treats nil arguments as zero-width strings in %s slots" do
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf_encoding, -> (format, *args) {
-    sprintf("%s%d%s%s", nil, 4, 'a', 'b').should == '4ab'
+    sprintf(format, *args)
-  end
+  }
-
-  it "passes some tests for positive %x" do
-    sprintf("%x", 123).should == "7b"
-    sprintf("%0x", 123).should == "7b"
-    sprintf("% x", 123).should == " 7b"
-    sprintf("%+x", 123).should == "+7b"
-    sprintf("%+0x", 123).should == "+7b"
-    sprintf("%+ x", 123).should == "+7b"
-    sprintf("% 0x", 123).should == " 7b"
-
-    sprintf("%#x", 123).should == "0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#0x", 123).should == "0x7b"
-    sprintf("%# x", 123).should == " 0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+x", 123).should == "+0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+0x", 123).should == "+0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+ x", 123).should == "+0x7b"
-    sprintf("%# 0x", 123).should == " 0x7b"
-
-    sprintf("%8x", 123).should == "      7b"
-    sprintf("%08x", 123).should == "0000007b"
-    sprintf("% 8x", 123).should == "      7b"
-    sprintf("%+8x", 123).should == "     +7b"
-    sprintf("%+08x", 123).should == "+000007b"
-    sprintf("%+ 8x", 123).should == "     +7b"
-    sprintf("% 08x", 123).should == " 000007b"
-
-    sprintf("%#8x", 123).should == "    0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#08x", 123).should == "0x00007b"
-    sprintf("%# 8x", 123).should == "    0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+8x", 123).should == "   +0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+08x", 123).should == "+0x0007b"
-    sprintf("%#+ 8x", 123).should == "   +0x7b"
-    sprintf("%# 08x", 123).should == " 0x0007b"
-
-    sprintf("%8.10x", 123).should == "000000007b"
-    sprintf("%08.10x", 123).should == "000000007b"
-    sprintf("% 8.10x", 123).should == " 000000007b"
-    sprintf("%+8.10x", 123).should == "+000000007b"
-    sprintf("%+08.10x", 123).should == "+000000007b"
-    sprintf("%+ 8.10x", 123).should == "+000000007b"
-    sprintf("% 08.10x", 123).should == " 000000007b"
-
-    sprintf("%10.8x", 123).should == "  0000007b"
-    sprintf("%010.8x", 123).should == "  0000007b"
-    sprintf("% 10.8x", 123).should == "  0000007b"
-    sprintf("%+10.8x", 123).should == " +0000007b"
-    sprintf("%+010.8x", 123).should == " +0000007b"
-    sprintf("%+ 10.8x", 123).should == " +0000007b"
-    sprintf("% 010.8x", 123).should == "  0000007b"
-  end
-
-  describe "with format string that contains %{} sections" do
-    it "substitutes values for named references" do
-      sprintf("%{foo}f", {foo: 1}).should == "1f"
-    end
-
-    it "raises KeyError when no matching key is in second argument" do
-      lambda { sprintf("%{foo}f", {}) }.should raise_error(KeyError)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "with format string that contains %<> sections" do
-    it "formats values for named references" do
-      sprintf("%<foo>f", {foo: 1}).should == "1.000000"
-    end
-
-    it "raises KeyError when no matching key is in second argument" do
-      lambda { sprintf("%<foo>f", {}) }.should raise_error(KeyError)
-    end
-
-    it "raises ArgumentError if missing second named argument" do
-      lambda { sprintf("%<key><foo>d", {key: 1}) }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "with negative values" do
-    describe "with format %x" do
-      it "precedes the number with '..'" do
-        sprintf("%0x", -123).should == "..f85"
-        sprintf("%#0x", -123).should == "0x..f85"
-        sprintf("%08x", -123).should == "..ffff85"
-        sprintf("%#08x", -123).should == "0x..ff85"
-        sprintf("%8.10x", -123).should == "..ffffff85"
-        sprintf("%08.10x", -123).should == "..ffffff85"
-        sprintf("%10.8x", -123).should == "  ..ffff85"
-        sprintf("%010.8x", -123).should == "  ..ffff85"
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "with format %b or %B" do
-      it "precedes the number with '..'" do
-        sprintf("%.7b", -5).should == "..11011"
-        sprintf("%.7B", -5).should == "..11011"
-        sprintf("%0b", -5).should == "..1011"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for negative %x" do
-    sprintf("%x", -123).should == "..f85"
-    sprintf("% x", -123).should == "-7b"
-    sprintf("%+x", -123).should == "-7b"
-    sprintf("%+0x", -123).should == "-7b"
-    sprintf("%+ x", -123).should == "-7b"
-    sprintf("% 0x", -123).should == "-7b"
-
-    sprintf("%#x", -123).should == "0x..f85"
-    sprintf("%# x", -123).should == "-0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+x", -123).should == "-0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+0x", -123).should == "-0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+ x", -123).should == "-0x7b"
-    sprintf("%# 0x", -123).should == "-0x7b"
-
-    sprintf("%8x", -123).should == "   ..f85"
-    sprintf("% 8x", -123).should == "     -7b"
-    sprintf("%+8x", -123).should == "     -7b"
-    sprintf("%+08x", -123).should == "-000007b"
-    sprintf("%+ 8x", -123).should == "     -7b"
-    sprintf("% 08x", -123).should == "-000007b"
-
-    sprintf("%#8x", -123).should == " 0x..f85"
-    sprintf("%# 8x", -123).should == "   -0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+8x", -123).should == "   -0x7b"
-    sprintf("%#+08x", -123).should == "-0x0007b"
-    sprintf("%#+ 8x", -123).should == "   -0x7b"
-    sprintf("%# 08x", -123).should == "-0x0007b"
-
-    sprintf("% 8.10x", -123).should == "-000000007b"
-    sprintf("%+8.10x", -123).should == "-000000007b"
-    sprintf("%+08.10x", -123).should == "-000000007b"
-    sprintf("%+ 8.10x", -123).should == "-000000007b"
-    sprintf("% 08.10x", -123).should == "-000000007b"
-
-    sprintf("% 10.8x", -123).should == " -0000007b"
-    sprintf("%+10.8x", -123).should == " -0000007b"
-    sprintf("%+010.8x", -123).should == " -0000007b"
-    sprintf("%+ 10.8x", -123).should == " -0000007b"
-    sprintf("% 010.8x", -123).should == " -0000007b"
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for negative %u" do
-    sprintf("%u", -123).should == "-123"
-    sprintf("%0u", -123).should == "-123"
-    sprintf("%#u", -123).should == "-123"
-    sprintf("%#0u", -123).should == "-123"
-    sprintf("%8u", -123).should == "    -123"
-    sprintf("%08u", -123).should == "-0000123"
-    sprintf("%#8u", -123).should == "    -123"
-    sprintf("%#08u", -123).should == "-0000123"
-
-    sprintf("%30u", -123).should == "                          -123"
-    sprintf("%030u", -123).should == "-00000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#30u", -123).should == "                          -123"
-    sprintf("%#030u", -123).should == "-00000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%24.30u", -123).should == "-000000000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%024.30u", -123).should == "-000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#24.30u", -123).should == "-000000000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%#024.30u", -123).should == "-000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-
-    sprintf("%30.24u", -123).should == "     -000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%030.24u", -123).should == "     -000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#30.24u", -123).should == "     -000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%#030.24u", -123).should == "     -000000000000000000000123"
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for positive %u" do
-    sprintf("%30u", 123).should == "                           123"
-    sprintf("%030u", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#30u", 123).should == "                           123"
-    sprintf("%#030u", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%24.30u", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%024.30u", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#24.30u", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%#024.30u", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%30.24u", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%030.24u", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#30.24u", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%#030.24u", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for positive %d" do
-    sprintf("%30d", 123).should == "                           123"
-    sprintf("%030d", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#30d", 123).should == "                           123"
-    sprintf("%#030d", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%24.30d", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%024.30d", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#24.30d", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%#024.30d", 123).should == "000000000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%30.24d", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%030.24d", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-
-    sprintf("%#30.24d", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-    sprintf("%#030.24d", 123).should == "      000000000000000000000123"
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for positive %f" do
-    sprintf("%30f", 123.1).should == "                    123.100000"
-    sprintf("%030f", 123.1).should == "00000000000000000000123.100000"
-
-    sprintf("%#30f", 123.1).should == "                    123.100000"
-    sprintf("%#030f", 123.1).should == "00000000000000000000123.100000"
-
-    sprintf("%10.4f", 123.1).should == "  123.1000"
-    sprintf("%010.4f", 123.1).should == "00123.1000"
-
-    sprintf("%10.0f", 123.1).should == "       123"
-    sprintf("%010.0f", 123.1).should == "0000000123"
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for negative %f" do
-    sprintf("%30f", -123.5).should == "                   -123.500000"
-    sprintf("%030f", -123.5).should == "-0000000000000000000123.500000"
-
-    sprintf("%#30f", -123.5).should == "                   -123.500000"
-    sprintf("%#030f", -123.5).should == "-0000000000000000000123.500000"
-
-    sprintf("%10.4f", -123.5).should == " -123.5000"
-    sprintf("%010.4f", -123.5).should == "-0123.5000"
-
-    sprintf("%10.0f", -123.5).should == "      -124"
-    sprintf("%010.0f", -123.5).should == "-000000124"
-  end
-
-  it "passes some tests for infinite and nan" do
-    sprintf("%f", Float::INFINITY).should == "Inf"
-    sprintf("%f", -Float::INFINITY).should == "-Inf"
-    sprintf("%f", Float::NAN).should == "NaN"
-
-    sprintf("%10f", Float::INFINITY).should == "       Inf"
-    sprintf("%10f", -Float::INFINITY).should == "      -Inf"
-    sprintf("%10f", Float::NAN).should == "       NaN"
-  end
-
-  it "passes kstephens's tests" do
-    sprintf("%*1$.*2$3$d", 10, 5, 1).should == "     00001"
-    sprintf("%b", 0).should == "0"
-    sprintf("%B", 0).should == "0"
-    sprintf("%b", -5).should == "..1011"
-    sprintf("%B", -5).should == "..1011"
-    sprintf("%+b", -5).should == "-101"
-    sprintf("%+b", 10).should == "+1010"
-    sprintf("%+b", 0).should == "+0"
-    sprintf("%+o", -5).should == "-5"
-    sprintf("%+o", 10).should == "+12"
-    sprintf("%+o", 0).should == "+0"
-    sprintf("%+d", -5).should == "-5"
-    sprintf("%+d", 10).should == "+10"
-    sprintf("%+d", 0).should == "+0"
-    sprintf("%+x", -15).should == "-f"
-    sprintf("%+x", 100).should == "+64"
-    sprintf("%+x", 0).should == "+0"
-    sprintf("%+X", -15).should == "-F"
-    sprintf("%+X", 100).should == "+64"
-    sprintf("%+X", 0).should == "+0"
-    sprintf("=%02X", 1).should == "=01"
-    sprintf("%+03d", 0).should == "+00"
-    sprintf("%+03d", 5).should == "+05"
-    sprintf("%+03d", -5).should == "-05"
-    sprintf("%+03d", 12).should == "+12"
-    sprintf("%+03d", -12).should == "-12"
-    sprintf("%+03d", 123).should == "+123"
-    sprintf("%+03d", -123).should == "-123"
-  end
-
-  with_feature :encoding do
-    it "returns a String in the same encoding as the format String if compatible" do
-      format = "%.2f %4s".force_encoding(Encoding::KOI8_U)
-      result = sprintf(format, 1.2, "dogs")
-      result.encoding.should equal(Encoding::KOI8_U)
-    end
-
-    it "returns a String in the argument encoding if format encoding is more restrictive" do
-      format = "foo %s".force_encoding(Encoding::US_ASCII)
-      arg = "b\303\274r".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
-
-      result = sprintf(format, arg)
-      result.encoding.should equal(Encoding::UTF_8)
-    end
-  end
 end
 
 describe "Kernel.sprintf" do
-  it "needs to be reviewed for spec completeness"
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
+    Kernel.sprintf(format, *args)
+  }
+
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf_encoding, -> (format, *args) {
+    Kernel.sprintf(format, *args)
+  }
 end

spec/ruby/core/main/using_spec.rb

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 
 ruby_version_is "2.0.0" do
   require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
-  require File.expand_path('../fixtures/string_refinement', __FILE__)
 
   describe "main.using" do
     it "requires one Module argument" do
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ ruby_version_is "2.0.0" do
     end
 
     it "uses refinements from the given module only in the target file" do
+      require File.expand_path('../fixtures/string_refinement', __FILE__)
       load File.expand_path('../fixtures/string_refinement_user.rb', __FILE__)
       MainSpecs::DATA[:in_module].should == 'foo'
       MainSpecs::DATA[:toplevel].should == 'foo'
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ ruby_version_is "2.0.0" do
     end
 
     it "uses refinements from the given module for method calls in the target file" do
+      require File.expand_path('../fixtures/string_refinement', __FILE__)
       load File.expand_path('../fixtures/string_refinement_user.rb', __FILE__)
       lambda do
         'hello'.foo

spec/ruby/core/module/fixtures/using.rb

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-module ModuleSpecs
-  module EmptyRefinement
-  end
-
-  module RefinementForStringToS
-    refine String do
-      def to_s; "hello from refinement"; end
-    end
-  end
-end

spec/ruby/core/module/refine_spec.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-
-return ## this code causes double free and now we are debugging.
-
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/refine', __FILE__)
 
@@ -87,6 +84,7 @@ describe "Module#refine" do
     end
   end
 
+  quarantine! do # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14070
     ruby_version_is "2.4" do
       it "accepts a module as argument" do
         inner_self = nil
@@ -101,6 +99,7 @@ describe "Module#refine" do
         inner_self.public_instance_methods.should include(:blah)
       end
     end
+  end
 
   it "raises ArgumentError if not given a block" do
     lambda do
@@ -616,4 +615,3 @@ describe "Module#refine" do
     end
   end
 end
-

spec/ruby/core/module/using_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
-require File.expand_path('../fixtures/using', __FILE__)
 
 describe "Module#using" do
   it "imports class refinements from module into the current class/module" do
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ describe "Module#using" do
   it "raises error in method scope" do
     mod = Module.new do
       def self.foo
-        using ModuleSpecs::EmptyRefinement
+        using Module.new {}
       end
     end
 
@@ -156,7 +155,11 @@ describe "Module#using" do
 
       Module.new do
         Class.new do
-          using ModuleSpecs::RefinementForStringToS
+          using Module.new {
+            refine String do
+              def to_s; "hello from refinement"; end
+            end
+          }
           ScratchPad << "1".to_s
         end
 
@@ -175,7 +178,11 @@ describe "Module#using" do
       Module.new do
         Class.new do
           ScratchPad << "1".to_s
-          using ModuleSpecs::RefinementForStringToS
+          using Module.new {
+            refine String do
+              def to_s; "hello from refinement"; end
+            end
+          }
           ScratchPad << "1".to_s
         end
       end
@@ -241,7 +248,11 @@ describe "Module#using" do
 
       Module.new do
         if false
-          using ModuleSpecs::RefinementForStringToS
+          using Module.new {
+            refine String do
+              def to_s; "hello from refinement"; end
+            end
+          }
         end
         result = "1".to_s
       end

spec/ruby/core/mutex/sleep_spec.rb

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ describe "Mutex#sleep" do
     m = Mutex.new
     m.lock
     duration = 0.1
-    start = Time.now
+    start = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
     m.sleep duration
-    (Time.now - start).should be_close(duration, 0.2)
+    now = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+    (now - start).should > 0
+    (now - start).should < 2.0
   end
 
   it "unlocks the mutex while sleeping" do
@@ -71,4 +73,23 @@ describe "Mutex#sleep" do
     m.lock
     m.sleep(0.01).should be_kind_of(Integer)
   end
+
+  it "wakes up when requesting sleep times near or equal to zero" do
+    times = []
+    val = 1
+
+    # power of two divisor so we eventually get near zero
+    loop do
+      val = val / 16.0
+      times << val
+      break if val == 0.0
+    end
+
+    m = Mutex.new
+    m.lock
+    times.each do |time|
+      # just testing that sleep completes
+      m.sleep(time).should_not == nil
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/process/groups_spec.rb

@@ -10,17 +10,24 @@ describe "Process.groups" do
       actual = (Process.groups - [gid]).sort
       actual.should == expected
     end
+  end
+end
 
-    # NOTE: This is kind of sketchy.
+describe "Process.groups=" do
+  platform_is_not :windows do
+    as_superuser do
       it "sets the list of gids of groups in the supplemental group access list" do
         groups = Process.groups
-      if Process.uid == 0
         Process.groups = []
         Process.groups.should == []
         Process.groups = groups
         Process.groups.sort.should == groups.sort
-      else
+      end
+    end
+
+    as_user do
       platform_is :aix do
+        it "sets the list of gids of groups in the supplemental group access list" do
           # setgroups() is not part of the POSIX standard,
           # so its behavior varies from OS to OS.  AIX allows a non-root
           # process to set the supplementary group IDs, as long as
@@ -30,6 +37,7 @@ describe "Process.groups" do
           # it should no longer be able to set any supplementary
           # group IDs, even if it originally belonged to them.
           # It should only be able to set its primary group ID.
+          groups = Process.groups
           Process.groups = groups
           Process.groups.sort.should == groups.sort
           Process.groups = []
@@ -41,14 +49,16 @@ describe "Process.groups" do
             lambda { Process.groups = supplementary }.should raise_error(Errno::EPERM)
           end
         end
-        platform_is_not :aix do
-          lambda { Process.groups = [] }.should raise_error(Errno::EPERM)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
       end
 
-describe "Process.groups=" do
+      platform_is_not :aix do
-  it "needs to be reviewed for spec completeness"
+        it "raises Errno::EPERM" do
+          groups = Process.groups
+          lambda {
+            Process.groups = groups
+          }.should raise_error(Errno::EPERM)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/string/index_spec.rb

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ describe "String#index with String" do
 
     "hello".index("he", 1).should == nil
     "hello".index("he", 2).should == nil
+    "I’ve got a multibyte character.\n".index("\n\n").should == nil
   end
 
   with_feature :encoding do

spec/ruby/core/string/percent_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../../kernel/shared/sprintf', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../../kernel/shared/sprintf_encoding', __FILE__)
+
+describe "String#%" do
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
+    format % args
+  }
+
+  it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf_encoding, -> (format, *args) {
+    format % args
+  }
+end
+

spec/ruby/core/thread/thread_variables_spec.rb

@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ describe "Thread#thread_variables" do
   end
 
   it "sets a value private to self" do
-    @t.thread_variable_set :thread_variables_spec_a, 82
+    @t.thread_variable_set :a, 82
-    @t.thread_variable_set :thread_variables_spec_b, 82
+    @t.thread_variable_set :b, 82
+    Thread.current.thread_variables.should_not include(:a, :b)
+  end
+
+  it "only contains user thread variables and is empty initially" do
     Thread.current.thread_variables.should == []
+    @t.thread_variables.should == []
   end
 end

spec/ruby/core/time/round_spec.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 describe "Time#round" do
   before do
     @time = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, "25.123456789".to_r)
-    @subclass = Class.new(Time).now
   end
 
   it "defaults to rounding to 0 places" do
@@ -19,7 +18,10 @@ describe "Time#round" do
   end
 
   it "returns an instance of Time, even if #round is called on a subclass" do
-    @subclass.round.should be_an_instance_of(Time)
+    subclass = Class.new(Time)
+    instance = subclass.at(0)
+    instance.class.should equal subclass
+    instance.round.should be_an_instance_of(Time)
   end
 
   it "copies own timezone to the returning value" do

spec/ruby/core/time/shared/gm.rb

@@ -19,4 +19,11 @@ describe :time_gm, shared: true do
   it "interprets post-Gregorian reform dates using Gregorian calendar" do
     Time.send(@method, 1582, 10, 15, 12).to_i.should == -12219249600 # 2299161j
   end
+
+  it "handles fractional usec close to rounding limit" do
+    time = Time.send(@method, 2000, 1, 1, 12, 30, 0, 9999r/10000)
+
+    time.usec.should == 0
+    time.nsec.should == 999
+  end
 end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/binding_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#binding' do
+  def test
+    secret = 42
+  end
+
+  it 'return the generated binding object from event' do
+    bindings = []
+    TracePoint.new(:return) { |tp|
+      bindings << tp.binding
+    }.enable {
+      test
+    }
+    bindings.size.should == 1
+    bindings[0].should be_kind_of(Binding)
+    bindings[0].local_variables.should == [:secret]
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/defined_class_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#defined_class' do
+  it 'returns class or module of the method being called' do
+    last_class_name = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:call) do |tp|
+      last_class_name = tp.defined_class
+    end.enable do
+      TracePointSpec::B.new.foo
+      last_class_name.should equal(TracePointSpec::B)
+
+      TracePointSpec::B.new.bar
+      last_class_name.should equal(TracePointSpec::A)
+
+      c = TracePointSpec::C.new
+      last_class_name.should equal(TracePointSpec::C)
+
+      c.foo
+      last_class_name.should equal(TracePointSpec::B)
+
+      c.bar
+      last_class_name.should equal(TracePointSpec::A)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/disable_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#disable' do
+  def test; end
+  it 'returns true if trace was enabled' do
+    event_name, method_name = nil
+    trace = TracePoint.new(:call) do |tp|
+      event_name = tp.event
+      method_name = tp.method_id
+    end
+
+    trace.enable
+    trace.disable.should be_true
+    event_name, method_name = nil
+    test
+    method_name.equal?(:test).should be_false
+    event_name.should equal(nil)
+  end
+
+  it 'returns false if trace was disabled' do
+    event_name, method_name = nil
+    trace = TracePoint.new(:call) do |tp|
+      event_name = tp.event
+      method_name = tp.method_id
+    end
+
+    trace.disable.should be_false
+    event_name, method_name = nil
+    test
+    method_name.equal?(:test).should be_false
+    event_name.should equal(nil)
+  end
+
+  it 'is disabled within a block & is enabled outside the block' do
+    enabled = nil
+    trace = TracePoint.new(:line) {}
+    trace.enable
+    trace.disable { enabled = trace.enabled? }
+    enabled.should be_false
+    trace.enabled?.should be_true
+    trace.disable
+  end
+
+  it 'is disabled within a block & also returns false when its called with a block' do
+    trace = TracePoint.new(:line) {}
+    trace.enable
+    trace.disable { trace.enabled? }.should == false
+    trace.enabled?.should equal(true)
+    trace.disable
+  end
+
+  ruby_bug "#14057", "2.0"..."2.5" do
+    it 'can accept param within a block but it should not yield arguments' do
+      event_name = nil
+      trace = TracePoint.new(:line) {}
+      trace.enable
+      trace.disable do |*args|
+        args.should == []
+      end
+      trace.enabled?.should be_true
+      trace.disable
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/enable_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#enable' do
+  def test; end
+
+  describe 'without a block' do
+    it 'returns true if trace was enabled' do
+      event_name, method_name = nil, nil
+      method_name = []
+      trace = TracePoint.new(:call) do |tp|
+        event_name = tp.event
+        method_name << tp.method_id
+      end
+
+      test
+      event_name.should == nil
+
+      trace.enable
+      test
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+      trace.disable
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if trace was disabled' do
+      event_name, method_name = nil, nil
+      trace = TracePoint.new(:call) do |tp|
+        event_name = tp.event
+        method_name = tp.method_id
+      end
+
+      trace.enable.should be_false
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+      test
+      method_name.equal?(:test).should be_true
+
+      trace.disable
+      event_name, method_name = nil
+      test
+      method_name.equal?(:test).should be_false
+      event_name.should equal(nil)
+
+      trace.enable.should be_false
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+      test
+      method_name.equal?(:test).should be_true
+      trace.disable
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'with a block' do
+    it 'enables the trace object within a block' do
+      event_name = nil
+      TracePoint.new(:line) do |tp|
+        event_name = tp.event
+      end.enable { event_name.should equal(:line) }
+    end
+
+    ruby_bug "#14057", "2.0"..."2.5" do
+      it 'can accept arguments within a block but it should not yield arguments' do
+        event_name = nil
+        trace = TracePoint.new(:line) { |tp| event_name = tp.event }
+        trace.enable do |*args|
+          event_name.should equal(:line)
+          args.should == []
+        end
+        trace.enabled?.should be_false
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'enables trace object on calling with a block if it was already enabled' do
+      enabled = nil
+      trace = TracePoint.new(:line) {}
+      trace.enable
+      trace.enable { enabled = trace.enabled? }
+      enabled.should == true
+      trace.disable
+    end
+
+    it 'returns value returned by the block' do
+      trace = TracePoint.new(:line) {}
+      trace.enable { true; 'test' }.should == 'test'
+    end
+
+    it 'disables the trace object outside the block' do
+      event_name = nil
+      trace = TracePoint.new(:line) { |tp|event_name = tp.event }
+      trace.enable { '2 + 2' }
+      event_name.should equal(:line)
+      trace.enabled?.should be_false
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/enabled_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#enabled?' do
+  it 'returns true when current status of the trace is enable' do
+    trace = TracePoint.new(:call) {}
+    trace.enable do
+      trace.enabled?.should be_true
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'returns false when current status of the trace is disabled' do
+    TracePoint.new(:call) {}.enabled?.should be_false
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/event_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#event' do
+  it 'returns the type of event' do
+    event_name = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:end, :call) do |tp|
+      event_name = tp.event
+    end.enable do
+      TracePointSpec.test
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+
+      TracePointSpec::B.new.foo
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+
+      class TracePointSpec::B; end
+      event_name.should equal(:end)
+    end
+
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/fixtures/classes.rb

@@ -4,5 +4,31 @@ module TracePointSpec
     end
     alias_method :m_alias, :m
   end
+
+  module A
+    def bar; end
   end
 
+  class B
+    include A
+
+    def foo; end;
+  end
+
+  class C < B
+    def initialize
+    end
+
+    def foo
+      super
+    end
+
+    def bar
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.test
+    'test'
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/inspect_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#inspect' do
+  it 'returns a string containing a human-readable TracePoint status' do
+    TracePoint.new(:call) {}.inspect.should ==
+      '#<TracePoint:disabled>'
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/lineno_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#lineno' do
+  it 'returns the line number of the event' do
+    lineno = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:line) { |tp| lineno = tp.lineno }.enable do
+      lineno.should == 7
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/method_id_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#method_id' do
+  def test; end
+
+  it 'returns the name at the definition of the method being called' do
+    method_name = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:call) { |tp| method_name = tp.method_id}.enable do
+      test
+      method_name.should equal(:test)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/new_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint.new' do
+  it 'returns a new TracePoint object, not enabled by default' do
+    TracePoint.new(:call) {}.enabled?.should be_false
+  end
+
+  it 'includes :line event when event is not specified' do
+    event_name = nil
+    TracePoint.new() { |tp| event_name = tp.event }.enable do
+      event_name.should equal(:line)
+
+      event_name = nil
+      TracePointSpec.test
+      event_name.should equal(:line)
+
+      event_name = nil
+      TracePointSpec::B.new.foo
+      event_name.should equal(:line)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'converts given event name as string into symbol using to_sym' do
+    event_name = nil
+    (o = mock('return')).should_receive(:to_sym).and_return(:return)
+
+    TracePoint.new(o) { |tp| event_name = tp.event}.enable do
+      event_name.should equal(nil)
+      TracePointSpec.test
+      event_name.should equal(:return)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'includes multiple events when multiple event names are passed as params' do
+    event_name = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:end, :call) do |tp|
+      event_name = tp.event
+    end.enable do
+      TracePointSpec.test
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+
+      TracePointSpec::B.new.foo
+      event_name.should equal(:call)
+
+      class TracePointSpec::B; end
+      event_name.should equal(:end)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'raises a TypeError when the given object is not a string/symbol' do
+    o = mock('123')
+    -> { TracePoint.new(o) {}}.should raise_error(TypeError)
+
+    o.should_receive(:to_sym).and_return(123)
+    -> { TracePoint.new(o) {}}.should raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  ruby_bug "#140740", "2.0"..."2.5" do
+    it 'expects to be called with a block' do
+      -> { TracePoint.new(:line) }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "raises a Argument error when the give argument doesn't match an event name" do
+    -> { TracePoint.new(:test) }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/path_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#path' do
+  it 'returns the path of the file being run' do
+    path = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:line) { |tp| path = tp.path }.enable do
+      path.should == "#{__FILE__}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'equals (eval) inside an eval for :end event' do
+    path = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:end) { |tp| path = tp.path }.enable do
+      eval("class A; end")
+      path.should == '(eval)'
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/raised_exception_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#raised_exception' do
+  it 'returns value from exception raised on the :raise event' do
+    raised_exception, error_result = nil
+    trace = TracePoint.new(:raise) { |tp| raised_exception = tp.raised_exception }
+    trace.enable do
+      begin
+        raise StandardError
+      rescue => e
+        error_result = e
+      end
+      raised_exception.should equal(error_result)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/return_value_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#return_value' do
+  def test; 'test' end
+
+  it 'returns value from :return event' do
+    trace_value = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:return) { |tp| trace_value = tp.return_value}.enable do
+      test
+      trace_value.should == 'test'
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/self_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint#self' do
+  it 'return the trace object from event' do
+    trace = nil
+    TracePoint.new(:line) { |tp| trace = tp.self }.enable do
+      trace.equal?(self).should be_true
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/core/tracepoint/trace_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+describe 'TracePoint.trace' do
+  it 'activates the trace automatically' do
+    trace = TracePoint.trace(:call) {}
+    trace.enabled?.should be_true
+    trace.disable
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/language/BEGIN_spec.rb

@@ -29,4 +29,8 @@ describe "The BEGIN keyword" do
 
     ScratchPad.recorded.should == ['foo', 'bar']
   end
+
+  it "returns the top-level script's filename for __FILE__" do
+    ruby_exe(fixture(__FILE__, "begin_file.rb")).chomp.should =~ /begin_file\.rb$/
+  end
 end

spec/ruby/language/break_spec.rb

@@ -24,6 +24,24 @@ describe "The break statement in a block" do
       value.should == :value
     end
   end
+
+  describe "captured and delegated to another method repeatedly" do
+    it "breaks out of the block" do
+      @program.looped_break_in_captured_block
+      ScratchPad.recorded.should ==  [:begin,
+                                      :preloop,
+                                      :predele,
+                                      :preyield,
+                                      :prebreak,
+                                      :postbreak,
+                                      :postyield,
+                                      :postdele,
+                                      :predele,
+                                      :preyield,
+                                      :prebreak,
+                                      :end]
+    end
+  end
 end
 
 describe "The break statement in a captured block" do

spec/ruby/language/constants_spec.rb

@@ -375,6 +375,28 @@ describe "Constant resolution within methods" do
     end
 
   end
+
+  describe "with &&=" do
+    it "re-assigns a scoped constant if already true" do
+      module ConstantSpecs
+        OpAssignTrue = true
+      end
+      suppress_warning do
+        ConstantSpecs::OpAssignTrue &&= 1
+      end
+      ConstantSpecs::OpAssignTrue.should == 1
+      ConstantSpecs.send :remove_const, :OpAssignTrue
+    end
+
+    it "leaves scoped constant if not true" do
+      module ConstantSpecs
+        OpAssignFalse = false
+      end
+      ConstantSpecs::OpAssignFalse &&= 1
+      ConstantSpecs::OpAssignFalse.should == false
+      ConstantSpecs.send :remove_const, :OpAssignFalse
+    end
+  end
 end
 
 describe "Constant resolution within a singleton class (class << obj)" do

spec/ruby/language/defined_spec.rb

@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ describe "The defined? keyword for a scoped constant" do
   end
 
   it "returns nil when an undefined constant is scoped to a defined constant" do
-    defined?(DefinedSpecs::Child::B).should be_nil
+    defined?(DefinedSpecs::Child::Undefined).should be_nil
   end
 
   it "returns nil when a constant is scoped to an undefined constant" do
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ describe "The defined? keyword for a top-level scoped constant" do
   end
 
   it "returns nil when an undefined constant is scoped to a defined constant" do
-    defined?(::DefinedSpecs::Child::B).should be_nil
+    defined?(::DefinedSpecs::Child::Undefined).should be_nil
   end
 
   it "returns nil when the undefined constant is scoped to an undefined constant" do

spec/ruby/language/fixtures/begin_file.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+BEGIN {
+  puts __FILE__
+}

spec/ruby/language/fixtures/break.rb

@@ -106,6 +106,34 @@ module BreakSpecs
       note :d
     end
 
+    def looped_break_in_captured_block
+      note :begin
+      looped_delegate_block do |i|
+        note :prebreak
+        break if i == 1
+        note :postbreak
+      end
+      note :end
+    end
+
+    def looped_delegate_block(&block)
+      note :preloop
+      2.times do |i|
+        note :predele
+        yield_value(i, &block)
+        note :postdele
+      end
+      note :postloop
+    end
+    private :looped_delegate_block
+
+    def yield_value(value)
+      note :preyield
+      yield value
+      note :postyield
+    end
+    private :yield_value
+
     def method(v)
       yield v
     end

spec/ruby/language/rescue_spec.rb

@@ -291,10 +291,20 @@ describe "The rescue keyword" do
     end.should == :expected
   end
 
+  ruby_version_is ""..."2.4" do
+    it "fails when using 'rescue' in method arguments" do
+      lambda { eval '1.+ (1 rescue 1)' }.should raise_error(SyntaxError)
+    end
+  end
+
   ruby_version_is "2.4" do
     it "allows 'rescue' in method arguments" do
       two = eval '1.+ (raise("Error") rescue 1)'
       two.should == 2
     end
+
+    it "requires the 'rescue' in method arguments to be wrapped in parens" do
+      lambda { eval '1.+(1 rescue 1)' }.should raise_error(SyntaxError)
+    end
   end
 end

spec/ruby/language/return_spec.rb

@@ -409,6 +409,39 @@ describe "The return keyword" do
         end
       end
 
+      describe "within a class" do
+        ruby_version_is ""..."2.5" do
+          it "is allowed" do
+            File.write(@filename, <<-END_OF_CODE)
+              class A
+                ScratchPad << "before return"
+                return
+
+                ScratchPad << "after return"
+              end
+            END_OF_CODE
+
+            load @filename
+            ScratchPad.recorded.should == ["before return"]
+          end
+        end
+
+        ruby_version_is "2.5" do
+          it "raises a SyntaxError" do
+            File.write(@filename, <<-END_OF_CODE)
+              class A
+                ScratchPad << "before return"
+                return
+
+                ScratchPad << "after return"
+              end
+            END_OF_CODE
+
+            -> { load @filename }.should raise_error(SyntaxError)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
       describe "file loading" do
         it "stops file loading and execution" do
           File.write(@filename, <<-END_OF_CODE)

spec/ruby/library/bigdecimal/limit_spec.rb

@@ -11,20 +11,35 @@ describe "BigDecimal.limit" do
     BigDecimal.limit(old)
   end
 
-  it "use the global limit if no precision is specified" do
+  it "uses the global limit if no precision is specified" do
     BigDecimalSpecs.with_limit(0) do
       (BigDecimal('0.888') + BigDecimal('0')).should == BigDecimal('0.888')
+      (BigDecimal('0.888') - BigDecimal('0')).should == BigDecimal('0.888')
       (BigDecimal('0.888') * BigDecimal('3')).should == BigDecimal('2.664')
+      (BigDecimal('0.888') / BigDecimal('3')).should == BigDecimal('0.296')
     end
 
     BigDecimalSpecs.with_limit(1) do
       (BigDecimal('0.888') + BigDecimal('0')).should == BigDecimal('0.9')
+      (BigDecimal('0.888') - BigDecimal('0')).should == BigDecimal('0.9')
       (BigDecimal('0.888') * BigDecimal('3')).should == BigDecimal('3')
+      (BigDecimal('0.888') / BigDecimal('3')).should == BigDecimal('0.3')
     end
 
     BigDecimalSpecs.with_limit(2) do
       (BigDecimal('0.888') + BigDecimal('0')).should == BigDecimal('0.89')
+      (BigDecimal('0.888') - BigDecimal('0')).should == BigDecimal('0.89')
       (BigDecimal('0.888') * BigDecimal('3')).should == BigDecimal('2.7')
+      (BigDecimal('0.888') / BigDecimal('3')).should == BigDecimal('0.30')
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "picks the specified precision over global limit" do
+    BigDecimalSpecs.with_limit(3) do
+      BigDecimal('0.888').add(BigDecimal('0'), 2).should == BigDecimal('0.89')
+      BigDecimal('0.888').sub(BigDecimal('0'), 2).should == BigDecimal('0.89')
+      BigDecimal('0.888').mult(BigDecimal('3'), 2).should == BigDecimal('2.7')
+      BigDecimal('0.888').div(BigDecimal('3'), 2).should == BigDecimal('0.30')
     end
   end
 end

spec/ruby/library/date/constants_spec.rb

@@ -34,9 +34,13 @@ describe "Date constants" do
 
   it "freezes MONTHNAMES, DAYNAMES, ABBR_MONTHNAMES, ABBR_DAYSNAMES" do
     [Date::MONTHNAMES, Date::DAYNAMES, Date::ABBR_MONTHNAMES, Date::ABBR_DAYNAMES].each do |ary|
-      lambda { ary << "Unknown" }.should raise_error
+      lambda {
+        ary << "Unknown"
+      }.should raise_error(RuntimeError, /frozen/)
       ary.compact.each do |name|
-        lambda { name << "modified" }.should raise_error
+        lambda {
+          name << "modified"
+        }.should raise_error(RuntimeError, /frozen/)
       end
     end
   end

spec/ruby/library/date/minus_month_spec.rb

@@ -13,15 +13,6 @@ describe "Date#<<" do
     d.should == Date.civil(2008, 2, 29)
   end
 
-  ruby_version_is ""..."2.3" do
-    it "raises an error on non numeric parameters" do
-      lambda { Date.civil(2007,2,27) << :hello }.should raise_error
-      lambda { Date.civil(2007,2,27) << "hello" }.should raise_error
-      lambda { Date.civil(2007,2,27) << Date.new }.should raise_error
-      lambda { Date.civil(2007,2,27) << Object.new }.should raise_error
-    end
-  end
-
   ruby_version_is "2.3" do
     it "raises an error on non numeric parameters" do
       lambda { Date.civil(2007,2,27) << :hello }.should raise_error(TypeError)

spec/ruby/library/datetime/now_spec.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe "DateTime.now" do
   end
 
   it "sets the current date" do
-    (DateTime.now - Date.today).to_f.should be_close(0.0, 1.0)
+    (DateTime.now - Date.today).to_f.should be_close(0.0, 2.0)
   end
 
   it "sets the current time" do

spec/ruby/library/datetime/to_time_spec.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,18 @@ describe "DateTime#to_time" do
     DateTime.now.to_time.should be_kind_of(Time)
   end
 
+  it "returns a Time representing the same instant" do
+    datetime = DateTime.civil(3, 12, 31, 23, 58, 59)
+    time = datetime.to_time.utc
+
+    time.year.should == 3
+    time.month.should == 12
+    time.day.should == 31
+    time.hour.should == 23
+    time.min.should == 58
+    time.sec.should == 59
+  end
+
   ruby_version_is "2.4" do
     it "preserves the same time regardless of local time or zone" do
       date = DateTime.new(2012, 12, 24, 12, 23, 00, '+03:00')

spec/ruby/library/erb/new_spec.rb

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ END
   end
 
 
-  it "not support '<%-= expr %> even when trim_mode is '-'" do
+  it "does not support '<%-= expr %> even when trim_mode is '-'" do
 
     input = <<'END'
 <p>
@@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ END
 </p>
 END
 
-    lambda { ERB.new(input, nil, '-').result }.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      ERB.new(input, nil, '-').result
+    }.should raise_error(SyntaxError)
   end
 
   it "regards lines starting with '%' as '<% ... %>' when trim_mode is '%'" do

spec/ruby/library/etc/nprocessors_spec.rb

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require 'etc'
 
-ruby_version_is "2.2" do
 describe "Etc.nprocessors" do
   it "returns the number of online processors" do
     Etc.nprocessors.should be_kind_of(Integer)
     Etc.nprocessors.should >= 1
   end
 end
-end

spec/ruby/library/openssl/config/freeze_spec.rb

@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ describe "OpenSSL::Config#freeze" do
 
   it "freezes" do
     c = OpenSSL::Config.new
-    lambda{c['foo'] = [ ['key', 'value'] ]}.should_not raise_error
+    lambda {
+      c['foo'] = [ ['key', 'value'] ]
+    }.should_not raise_error
     c.freeze
     c.frozen?.should be_true
-    lambda{c['foo'] = [ ['key', 'value'] ]}.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      c['foo'] = [ ['key', 'value'] ]
+    }.should raise_error(TypeError)
   end
 end

spec/ruby/library/socket/ipsocket/peeraddr_spec.rb

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ describe "Socket::IPSocket#peeraddr" do
   end
 
   it "raises error if socket is not connected" do
-    lambda { @server.peeraddr }.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      @server.peeraddr
+    }.should raise_error(Errno::ENOTCONN)
   end
 
   it "returns an array of information on the peer" do

spec/ruby/library/socket/unixsocket/peeraddr_spec.rb

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ describe "UNIXSocket#peeraddr" do
     end
 
     it "raises an error in server sockets" do
-      lambda { @server.peeraddr }.should raise_error
+      lambda {
+        @server.peeraddr
+      }.should raise_error(Errno::ENOTCONN)
     end
   end
 

spec/ruby/library/stringio/printf_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
 require File.expand_path('../fixtures/classes', __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../../../core/kernel/shared/sprintf', __FILE__)
 
 describe "StringIO#printf" do
   before :each do
@@ -28,6 +29,14 @@ describe "StringIO#printf" do
     @io.printf("%d %04x", 123, 123)
     @io.pos.should eql(16)
   end
+
+  describe "formatting" do
+    it_behaves_like :kernel_sprintf, -> (format, *args) {
+      io = StringIO.new
+      io.printf(format, *args)
+      io.string
+    }
+  end
 end
 
 describe "StringIO#printf when in append mode" do
@@ -59,3 +68,4 @@ describe "StringIO#printf when self is not writable" do
     lambda { io.printf("test") }.should raise_error(IOError)
   end
 end
+

spec/ruby/library/syslog/alert_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/close_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.close" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/constants_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog::Constants" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/crit_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/debug_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/emerg_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/err_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/facility_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.facility" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/ident_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.ident" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/info_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/inspect_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.inspect" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/instance_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.instance" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/log_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.log" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/mask_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.mask" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/notice_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/open_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/reopen', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 
@@ -73,8 +74,13 @@ platform_is_not :windows do
 
       it "raises an error if the log is opened" do
         Syslog.open
-        lambda { Syslog.open}.should raise_error
+        lambda {
-        lambda { Syslog.close; Syslog.open }.should_not raise_error
+          Syslog.open
+        }.should raise_error(RuntimeError, /syslog already open/)
+        lambda {
+          Syslog.close
+          Syslog.open
+        }.should_not raise_error
         Syslog.close
       end
     end

spec/ruby/library/syslog/opened_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.opened?" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/options_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require 'syslog'
 
   describe "Syslog.options" do

spec/ruby/library/syslog/reopen_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/reopen', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/syslog/warning_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-platform_is_not :windows do
 require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+
+platform_is_not :windows do
   require File.expand_path('../shared/log', __FILE__)
   require 'syslog'
 

spec/ruby/library/time/to_datetime_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+require File.expand_path('../../../spec_helper', __FILE__)
+require 'time'
+
+describe "Time#to_datetime" do
+  it "returns a DateTime representing the same instant" do
+    time = Time.utc(3, 12, 31, 23, 58, 59)
+    datetime = time.to_datetime
+    datetime.year.should == 3
+    datetime.month.should == 12
+    datetime.day.should == 31
+    datetime.hour.should == 23
+    datetime.min.should == 58
+    datetime.sec.should == 59
+  end
+
+  it "roundtrips" do
+    time = Time.utc(3, 12, 31, 23, 58, 59)
+    datetime = time.to_datetime
+    datetime.to_time.utc.should == time
+  end
+
+  it "yields a DateTime with the default Calendar reform day" do
+    Time.utc(1582, 10,  4, 1, 2, 3).to_datetime.start.should == Date::ITALY
+    Time.utc(1582, 10, 14, 1, 2, 3).to_datetime.start.should == Date::ITALY
+    Time.utc(1582, 10, 15, 1, 2, 3).to_datetime.start.should == Date::ITALY
+  end
+end

spec/ruby/library/uri/join_spec.rb

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ describe "URI.join" do
   end
 
   it "raises an error if given no argument" do
-    lambda{ URI.join }.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      URI.join
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "doesn't create redundant '/'s" do

spec/ruby/library/uri/shared/join.rb

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ describe :uri_join, shared: true do
   end
 
   it "raises an error if given no argument" do
-    lambda{ @object.join }.should raise_error
+    lambda {
+      @object.join
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
   it "doesn't create redundant '/'s" do

spec/ruby/library/yaml/load_spec.rb

@@ -34,6 +34,27 @@ describe "YAML.load" do
     end
   end
 
+  it "loads strings with chars from non-base Unicode plane" do
+    # We add these strings as bytes and force the encoding for safety
+    # as bugs in parsing unicode characters can obscure bugs in this
+    # area.
+
+    yaml_and_strings = {
+      # "--- 🌵" => "🌵"
+      [45, 45, 45, 32, 240, 159, 140, 181] =>
+      [240, 159, 140, 181],
+      # "--- 🌵 and some text" => "🌵 and some text"
+      [45, 45, 45, 32, 240, 159, 140, 181, 32, 97, 110, 100, 32, 115, 111, 109, 101, 32, 116, 101, 120, 116] =>
+      [240, 159, 140, 181, 32, 97, 110, 100, 32, 115, 111, 109, 101, 32, 116, 101, 120, 116],
+      # "--- Some text 🌵 and some text" => "Some text 🌵 and some text"
+      [45, 45, 45, 32, 83, 111, 109, 101, 32, 116, 101, 120, 116, 32, 240, 159, 140, 181, 32, 97, 110, 100, 32, 115, 111, 109, 101, 32, 116, 101, 120, 116] =>
+      [83, 111, 109, 101, 32, 116, 101, 120, 116, 32, 240, 159, 140, 181, 32, 97, 110, 100, 32, 115, 111, 109, 101, 32, 116, 101, 120, 116]
+    }
+    yaml_and_strings.each do |yaml, str|
+      YAML.load(yaml.pack("C*").force_encoding("UTF-8")).should == str.pack("C*").force_encoding("UTF-8")
+    end
+  end
+
   it "fails on invalid keys" do
     if YAML.to_s == "Psych"
       error = Psych::SyntaxError

spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/numeric_spec.c

@@ -96,6 +96,12 @@ static VALUE numeric_spec_rb_num_coerce_relop(VALUE self, VALUE x, VALUE y, VALU
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_ABSINT_SINGLEBIT_P
+static VALUE numeric_spec_rb_absint_singlebit_p(VALUE self, VALUE num) {
+  return INT2FIX(rb_absint_singlebit_p(num));
+}
+#endif
+
 void Init_numeric_spec(void) {
   VALUE cls;
   cls = rb_define_class("CApiNumericSpecs", rb_cObject);
@@ -159,6 +165,10 @@ void Init_numeric_spec(void) {
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_NUM_COERCE_RELOP
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_num_coerce_relop", numeric_spec_rb_num_coerce_relop, 3);
 #endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_ABSINT_SINGLEBIT_P
+rb_define_method(cls, "rb_absint_singlebit_p", numeric_spec_rb_absint_singlebit_p, 1);
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/object_spec.c

@@ -5,6 +5,32 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_FL_ABLE
+static VALUE object_spec_FL_ABLE(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
+  if (FL_ABLE(obj)) {
+    return Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_FL_TEST
+static int object_spec_FL_TEST_flag(VALUE flag_string) {
+  char *flag_cstr = StringValueCStr(flag_string);
+  if (strcmp(flag_cstr, "FL_TAINT") == 0) {
+    return FL_TAINT;
+  } else if (strcmp(flag_cstr, "FL_FREEZE") == 0) {
+    return FL_FREEZE;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE object_spec_FL_TEST(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE flag) {
+  return INT2FIX(FL_TEST(obj, object_spec_FL_TEST_flag(flag)));
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_OBJ_TAINT
 static VALUE object_spec_OBJ_TAINT(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
   OBJ_TAINT(obj);
@@ -204,7 +230,11 @@ static VALUE object_spec_rb_method_boundp(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE method, V
 
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_SPECIAL_CONST_P
 static VALUE object_spec_rb_special_const_p(VALUE self, VALUE value) {
-  return rb_special_const_p(value);
+  if (rb_special_const_p(value)) {
+    return Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -404,6 +434,14 @@ void Init_object_spec(void) {
   VALUE cls;
   cls = rb_define_class("CApiObjectSpecs", rb_cObject);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_FL_ABLE
+  rb_define_method(cls, "FL_ABLE", object_spec_FL_ABLE, 1);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_FL_TEST
+  rb_define_method(cls, "FL_TEST", object_spec_FL_TEST, 2);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_OBJ_TAINT
   rb_define_method(cls, "OBJ_TAINT", object_spec_OBJ_TAINT, 1);
 #endif

spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/rubyspec.h

@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@
 #define HAVE_RB_NUM_COERCE_BIN             1
 #define HAVE_RB_NUM_COERCE_CMP             1
 #define HAVE_RB_NUM_COERCE_RELOP           1
+#define HAVE_RB_ABSINT_SINGLEBIT_P         1
 #define HAVE_RB_NUM_ZERODIV                1
 
 /* Fixnum */
@@ -431,6 +432,8 @@
 #endif
 
 /* Object */
+#define HAVE_FL_ABLE                       1
+#define HAVE_FL_TEST                       1
 #define HAVE_OBJ_TAINT                     1
 #define HAVE_OBJ_TAINTED                   1
 #define HAVE_OBJ_INFECT                    1

spec/ruby/optional/capi/numeric_spec.rb

@@ -429,4 +429,19 @@ describe "CApiNumericSpecs" do
       lambda { @s.rb_num_coerce_relop(2, obj, :<) }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
   end
+
+  describe "rb_absint_singlebit_p" do
+    it "returns 1 if absolute value fits into a bit" do
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(1).should == 1
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(2).should == 1
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(3).should == 0
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(-1).should == 1
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(-2).should == 1
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(-3).should == 0
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(bignum_value).should == 1
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(bignum_value(1)).should == 0
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(-bignum_value).should == 1
+      @s.rb_absint_singlebit_p(-bignum_value(1)).should == 0
+    end
+  end
 end