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Link from printf methods to format spec doc (#5886)

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Burdette Lamar 2022-05-05 09:01:12 -05:00 • committed by GitHub
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Notes: git 2022-05-05 23:01:36 +09:00 
Merged-By: BurdetteLamar <BurdetteLamar@Yahoo.com>
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10
doc/format_specifications.rdoc
View file

@ -336,3 +336,13 @@ Format +argument+ (<tt>'%'</tt>) as a single percent character:
sprintf('%d %%', 100) # => "100 %"
Flags do not apply.
=== Reference by Name
For more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name.
%<name>s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.
Examples:
sprintf("%<foo>d : %<bar>f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 }) # => 1 : 2.000000
sprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 }) # => "1f"

18
io.c
View file

@ -8220,7 +8220,10 @@ rb_io_init_copy(VALUE dest, VALUE io)
* printf(format_string, *objects) -> nil
*
* Formats and writes +objects+ to the stream.
* See Kernel#sprintf for formatting details.
*
* For details on +format_string+, see
* {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc].
*
*/
VALUE
@ -8232,14 +8235,17 @@ rb_io_printf(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE out)
/*
* call-seq:
* printf(string, *objects) -> nil
* printf(io, string, *objects) -> nil
* printf(format_string, *objects) -> nil
* printf(io, format_string, *objects) -> nil
*
* Equivalent to:
*
* io.write(sprintf(string, *objects))
* io.write(sprintf(format_string, *objects))
*
* With the single argument +string+, formats +objects+ into the string,
* For details on +format_string+, see
* {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc].
*
* With the single argument +format_string+, formats +objects+ into the string,
* then writes the formatted string to $stdout:
*
* printf('%4.4d %10s %2.2f', 24, 24, 24.0)
@ -8248,7 +8254,7 @@ rb_io_printf(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE out)
*
* 0024 24 24.00#
*
* With arguments +io+ and +string, formats +objects+ into the string,
* With arguments +io+ and +format_string+, formats +objects+ into the string,
* then writes the formatted string to +io+:
*
* printf($stderr, '%4.4d %10s %2.2f', 24, 24, 24.0)

259
object.c
View file

@ -3856,263 +3856,16 @@ rb_obj_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj, VALUE notfound)
/*
* call-seq:
* format(format_string [, arguments...] ) -> string
* sprintf(format_string [, arguments...] ) -> string
* sprintf(format_string *objects) -> string
*
* Returns the string resulting from applying <i>format_string</i> to
* any additional arguments. Within the format string, any characters
* other than format sequences are copied to the result.
* Returns the string resulting from formatting +objects+
* into +format_string+.
*
* The syntax of a format sequence is as follows.
* For details on +format_string+, see
* {Format Specifications}[rdoc-ref:format_specifications.rdoc].
*
* %[flags][width][.precision]type
* Kernel#format is an alias for Kernel#sprintf.
*
* A format
* sequence consists of a percent sign, followed by optional flags,
* width, and precision indicators, then terminated with a field type
* character. The field type controls how the corresponding
* <code>sprintf</code> argument is to be interpreted, while the flags
* modify that interpretation.
*
* The field type characters are:
*
* Field | Integer Format
* ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
* b | Convert argument as a binary number.
* | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
* | prefixed with `..1'.
* B | Equivalent to `b', but uses an uppercase 0B for prefix
* | in the alternative format by #.
* d | Convert argument as a decimal number.
* i | Identical to `d'.
* o | Convert argument as an octal number.
* | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
* | prefixed with `..7'.
* u | Identical to `d'.
* x | Convert argument as a hexadecimal number.
* | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
* | prefixed with `..f' (representing an infinite string of
* | leading 'ff's).
* X | Equivalent to `x', but uses uppercase letters.
*
* Field | Float Format
* ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
* e | Convert floating point argument into exponential notation
* | with one digit before the decimal point as [-]d.dddddde[+-]dd.
* | The precision specifies the number of digits after the decimal
* | point (defaulting to six).
* E | Equivalent to `e', but uses an uppercase E to indicate
* | the exponent.
* f | Convert floating point argument as [-]ddd.dddddd,
* | where the precision specifies the number of digits after
* | the decimal point.
* g | Convert a floating point number using exponential form
* | if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or
* | equal to the precision, or in dd.dddd form otherwise.
* | The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
* G | Equivalent to `g', but use an uppercase `E' in exponent form.
* a | Convert floating point argument as [-]0xh.hhhhp[+-]dd,
* | which is consisted from optional sign, "0x", fraction part
* | as hexadecimal, "p", and exponential part as decimal.
* A | Equivalent to `a', but use uppercase `X' and `P'.
*
* Field | Other Format
* ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
* c | Argument is the numeric code for a single character or
* | a single character string itself.
* p | The valuing of argument.inspect.
* s | Argument is a string to be substituted. If the format
* | sequence contains a precision, at most that many characters
* | will be copied.
* % | A percent sign itself will be displayed. No argument taken.
*
* The flags modifies the behavior of the formats.
* The flag characters are:
*
* Flag | Applies to | Meaning
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* space | bBdiouxX | Leave a space at the start of
* | aAeEfgG | non-negative numbers.
* | (numeric fmt) | For `o', `x', `X', `b' and `B', use
* | | a minus sign with absolute value for
* | | negative values.
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* (digit)$ | all | Specifies the absolute argument number
* | | for this field. Absolute and relative
* | | argument numbers cannot be mixed in a
* | | sprintf string.
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* # | bBoxX | Use an alternative format.
* | aAeEfgG | For the conversions `o', increase the precision
* | | until the first digit will be `0' if
* | | it is not formatted as complements.
* | | For the conversions `x', `X', `b' and `B'
* | | on non-zero, prefix the result with ``0x'',
* | | ``0X'', ``0b'' and ``0B'', respectively.
* | | For `a', `A', `e', `E', `f', `g', and 'G',
* | | force a decimal point to be added,
* | | even if no digits follow.
* | | For `g' and 'G', do not remove trailing zeros.
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* + | bBdiouxX | Add a leading plus sign to non-negative
* | aAeEfgG | numbers.
* | (numeric fmt) | For `o', `x', `X', `b' and `B', use
* | | a minus sign with absolute value for
* | | negative values.
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* - | all | Left-justify the result of this conversion.
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* 0 (zero) | bBdiouxX | Pad with zeros, not spaces.
* | aAeEfgG | For `o', `x', `X', `b' and `B', radix-1
* | (numeric fmt) | is used for negative numbers formatted as
* | | complements.
* ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
* * | all | Use the next argument as the field width.
* | | If negative, left-justify the result. If the
* | | asterisk is followed by a number and a dollar
* | | sign, use the indicated argument as the width.
*
* Examples of flags:
*
* # `+' and space flag specifies the sign of non-negative numbers.
* sprintf("%d", 123) #=> "123"
* sprintf("%+d", 123) #=> "+123"
* sprintf("% d", 123) #=> " 123"
*
* # `#' flag for `o' increases number of digits to show `0'.
* # `+' and space flag changes format of negative numbers.
* sprintf("%o", 123) #=> "173"
* sprintf("%#o", 123) #=> "0173"
* sprintf("%+o", -123) #=> "-173"
* sprintf("%o", -123) #=> "..7605"
* sprintf("%#o", -123) #=> "..7605"
*
* # `#' flag for `x' add a prefix `0x' for non-zero numbers.
* # `+' and space flag disables complements for negative numbers.
* sprintf("%x", 123) #=> "7b"
* sprintf("%#x", 123) #=> "0x7b"
* sprintf("%+x", -123) #=> "-7b"
* sprintf("%x", -123) #=> "..f85"
* sprintf("%#x", -123) #=> "0x..f85"
* sprintf("%#x", 0) #=> "0"
*
* # `#' for `X' uses the prefix `0X'.
* sprintf("%X", 123) #=> "7B"
* sprintf("%#X", 123) #=> "0X7B"
*
* # `#' flag for `b' add a prefix `0b' for non-zero numbers.
* # `+' and space flag disables complements for negative numbers.
* sprintf("%b", 123) #=> "1111011"
* sprintf("%#b", 123) #=> "0b1111011"
* sprintf("%+b", -123) #=> "-1111011"
* sprintf("%b", -123) #=> "..10000101"
* sprintf("%#b", -123) #=> "0b..10000101"
* sprintf("%#b", 0) #=> "0"
*
* # `#' for `B' uses the prefix `0B'.
* sprintf("%B", 123) #=> "1111011"
* sprintf("%#B", 123) #=> "0B1111011"
*
* # `#' for `e' forces to show the decimal point.
* sprintf("%.0e", 1) #=> "1e+00"
* sprintf("%#.0e", 1) #=> "1.e+00"
*
* # `#' for `f' forces to show the decimal point.
* sprintf("%.0f", 1234) #=> "1234"
* sprintf("%#.0f", 1234) #=> "1234."
*
* # `#' for `g' forces to show the decimal point.
* # It also disables stripping lowest zeros.
* sprintf("%g", 123.4) #=> "123.4"
* sprintf("%#g", 123.4) #=> "123.400"
* sprintf("%g", 123456) #=> "123456"
* sprintf("%#g", 123456) #=> "123456."
*
* The field width is an optional integer, followed optionally by a
* period and a precision. The width specifies the minimum number of
* characters that will be written to the result for this field.
*
* Examples of width:
*
* # padding is done by spaces, width=20
* # 0 or radix-1. <------------------>
* sprintf("%20d", 123) #=> " 123"
* sprintf("%+20d", 123) #=> " +123"
* sprintf("%020d", 123) #=> "00000000000000000123"
* sprintf("%+020d", 123) #=> "+0000000000000000123"
* sprintf("% 020d", 123) #=> " 0000000000000000123"
* sprintf("%-20d", 123) #=> "123 "
* sprintf("%-+20d", 123) #=> "+123 "
* sprintf("%- 20d", 123) #=> " 123 "
* sprintf("%020x", -123) #=> "..ffffffffffffffff85"
*
* For
* numeric fields, the precision controls the number of decimal places
* displayed. For string fields, the precision determines the maximum
* number of characters to be copied from the string. (Thus, the format
* sequence <code>%10.10s</code> will always contribute exactly ten
* characters to the result.)
*
* Examples of precisions:
*
* # precision for `d', 'o', 'x' and 'b' is
* # minimum number of digits <------>
* sprintf("%20.8d", 123) #=> " 00000123"
* sprintf("%20.8o", 123) #=> " 00000173"
* sprintf("%20.8x", 123) #=> " 0000007b"
* sprintf("%20.8b", 123) #=> " 01111011"
* sprintf("%20.8d", -123) #=> " -00000123"
* sprintf("%20.8o", -123) #=> " ..777605"
* sprintf("%20.8x", -123) #=> " ..ffff85"
* sprintf("%20.8b", -11) #=> " ..110101"
*
* # "0x" and "0b" for `#x' and `#b' is not counted for
* # precision but "0" for `#o' is counted. <------>
* sprintf("%#20.8d", 123) #=> " 00000123"
* sprintf("%#20.8o", 123) #=> " 00000173"
* sprintf("%#20.8x", 123) #=> " 0x0000007b"
* sprintf("%#20.8b", 123) #=> " 0b01111011"
* sprintf("%#20.8d", -123) #=> " -00000123"
* sprintf("%#20.8o", -123) #=> " ..777605"
* sprintf("%#20.8x", -123) #=> " 0x..ffff85"
* sprintf("%#20.8b", -11) #=> " 0b..110101"
*
* # precision for `e' is number of
* # digits after the decimal point <------>
* sprintf("%20.8e", 1234.56789) #=> " 1.23456789e+03"
*
* # precision for `f' is number of
* # digits after the decimal point <------>
* sprintf("%20.8f", 1234.56789) #=> " 1234.56789000"
*
* # precision for `g' is number of
* # significant digits <------->
* sprintf("%20.8g", 1234.56789) #=> " 1234.5679"
*
* # <------->
* sprintf("%20.8g", 123456789) #=> " 1.2345679e+08"
*
* # precision for `s' is
* # maximum number of characters <------>
* sprintf("%20.8s", "string test") #=> " string t"
*
* Examples:
*
* sprintf("%d %04x", 123, 123) #=> "123 007b"
* sprintf("%08b '%4s'", 123, 123) #=> "01111011 ' 123'"
* sprintf("%1$*2$s %2$d %1$s", "hello", 8) #=> " hello 8 hello"
* sprintf("%1$*2$s %2$d", "hello", -8) #=> "hello -8"
* sprintf("%+g:% g:%-g", 1.23, 1.23, 1.23) #=> "+1.23: 1.23:1.23"
* sprintf("%u", -123) #=> "-123"
*
* For more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name.
* %<name>s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.
*
* Examples:
* sprintf("%<foo>d : %<bar>f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 })
* #=> 1 : 2.000000
* sprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 })
* # => "1f"
*/
static VALUE