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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# -*- markdown -*- markup: Markdown # -*- rdoc -*-
# NEWS for Ruby 2.6.0 = NEWS for Ruby 2.6.0
This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between
releases except for bug fixes. releases except for bug fixes.
@ -8,443 +8,420 @@ releases except for bug fixes.
Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference
information is supplied with. For a full list of changes with all information is supplied with. For a full list of changes with all
sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file or Redmine sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file or Redmine
(e.g. `https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/$FEATURE_OR_BUG_NUMBER`) (e.g. <tt>https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/$FEATURE_OR_BUG_NUMBER</tt>)
## Changes since the 2.5.0 release == Changes since the 2.5.0 release
### Language changes === Language changes
* `$SAFE` is a process global state and we can set 0 again. * <code>$SAFE</code> is a process global state and we can set 0 again. [Feature #14250]
[Feature #14250]
* refinements take place at block passing. [Feature #14223] * refinements take place at block passing. [Feature #14223]
* `else` without `rescue` now causes a syntax error. [EXPERIMENTAL] * +else+ without +rescue+ now causes a syntax error. [EXPERIMENTAL]
* constant names may start with a non-ASCII capital letter. * constant names may start with a non-ASCII capital letter. [Feature #13770]
[Feature #13770]
* An endless range is introduced. You can write a range that has no end, * An endless range is introduced. You can write a range that has no end,
like `(0..)`. The following shows typical use cases. [Feature #12912] like <code>(0..)</code>. The following shows typical use cases. [Feature #12912]
```ruby
ary[1..] # identical to ary[1..-1] ary[1..] # identical to ary[1..-1]
(1..).each {|index| ... } # infinite loop from index 1 (1..).each {|index| ... } # infinite loop from index 1
ary.zip(1..) {|elem, index| ... } # ary.each.with_index(1) { } ary.zip(1..) {|elem, index| ... } # ary.each.with_index(1) { }
```
* Non-`Symbol` key in keyword arguments hash causes an exception. * Non- Symbol key in keyword arguments hash causes an exception.
### Core classes updates (outstanding ones only) === Core classes updates (outstanding ones only)
* `Array` [Array]
* New methods: [New methods]
* Added `Array#union` and `Array#difference` instance method. * Added Array#union and Array#difference instance method. [Feature #14097]
[Feature #14097]
* Modified methods: [Modified methods]
* `Array#to_h` now maps elements to new keys and values by the * Array#to_h now maps elements to new keys and values by the
block if given. [Feature #15143] block if given. [Feature #15143]
* Aliased methods: [Aliased methods]
* `Array#filter` is a new alias for `Array#select`. * Array#filter is a new alias for Array#select. [Feature #13784]
[Feature #13784] * Array#filter! is a new alias for Array#select!. [Feature #13784]
* `Array#filter!` is a new alias for `Array#select!`.
[Feature #13784]
* `Binding` [Binding]
* New methods: [New methods]
* added `Binding#source_location`. [Feature #14230] * added Binding#source_location. [Feature #14230]
This method returns the source location of binding, a 2-element This method returns the source location of binding, a 2-element
array of `__FILE__` and `__LINE__`. Traditionally, the same array of __FILE__ and __LINE__. Traditionally, the same
information could be retrieved by `eval("[__FILE__, __LINE__]", information could be retrieved by <code>eval("[__FILE__, __LINE__]",
binding)`, but we are planning to change this behavior so that binding)</code>, but we are planning to change this behavior so that
`Kernel#eval` ignores binding's source location [Bug #4352]. Kernel#eval ignores binding's source location [Bug #4352].
So, users should use this newly-introduced method instead of So, users should use this newly-introduced method instead of
`Kernel#eval`. Kernel#eval.
* `Dir` [Dir]
* New methods: [New methods]
* added `Dir#each_child` and `Dir#children` instance methods. * added Dir#each_child and Dir#children instance methods. [Feature #13969]
[Feature #13969]
* `Enumerable` [Enumerable]
* Modified methods: [Modified methods]
* `Enumerable#to_h` now maps elements to new keys and values * Enumerable#to_h now maps elements to new keys and values by the block if
by the block if given. [Feature #15143] given. [Feature #15143]
* Aliased methods: [Aliased methods]
* `Enumerable#filter` is a new alias for `Enumerable#select`. * Enumerable#filter is a new alias for Enumerable#select. [Feature #13784]
[Feature #13784]
* `Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence` [Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence]
* This is a new class to represent a generator of an arithmetic sequence, * This is a new class to represent a generator of an arithmetic sequence,
that is a number sequence defined by a common difference. It can be used that is a number sequence defined by a common difference. It can be used
for representing what is similar to Python's slice. You can get an for representing what is similar to Python's slice. You can get an
instance of this class from `Numeric#step` and `Range#step`. instance of this class from Numeric#step and Range#step.
* `Enumerator::Lazy` [Enumerator::Lazy]
* Aliased methods: [Aliased methods]
* `Enumerator::Lazy#filter` is a new alias for * Enumerator::Lazy#filter is a new alias for
`Enumerator::Lazy#select`. [Feature #13784] Enumerator::Lazy#select. [Feature #13784]
* `ENV` [ENV]
* Modified methods: [Modified methods]
* `ENV.to_h` now maps names and values to new keys and values * ENV.to_h now maps names and values to new keys and values
by the block if given. [Feature #15143] by the block if given. [Feature #15143]
* `Exception` [Exception]
* New options: [New options]
* `Exception#full_message` takes `:highlight` and `:order` options. * Exception#full_message takes +:highlight+ and +:order+
[Bug #14324] options. [Bug #14324]
* `Hash` [Hash]
* Modified methods: [Modified methods]
* `Hash#merge`, `merge!`, and `update` now accept multiple * Hash#merge, merge!, and update now accept multiple
arguments. [Feature #15111] arguments. [Feature #15111]
* `Hash#to_h` now maps keys and values to new keys and values * Hash#to_h now maps keys and values to new keys and values
by the block if given. [Feature #15143] by the block if given. [Feature #15143]
* Aliased methods: [Aliased methods]
* `Hash#filter` is a new alias for `Hash#select`. [Feature #13784] * Hash#filter is a new alias for Hash#select. [Feature #13784]
* `Hash#filter!` is a new alias for `Hash#select!`. * Hash#filter! is a new alias for Hash#select!. [Feature #13784]
[Feature #13784]
* `IO` [IO]
* New options: [New options]
* new mode character `'x'` to open files for exclusive access. * new mode character <code>'x'</code> to open files for exclusive
[Feature #11258] access. [Feature #11258]
* `Kernel` [Kernel]
* Aliased methods: [Aliased methods]
* `Kernel#then` is a new alias for `Kernel#yield_self`. * Kernel#then is a new alias for Kernel#yield_self. [Feature #14594]
[Feature #14594]
* New options: [New options]
* `Kernel.#Complex`, `Kernel.#Float`, `Kernel.#Integer` and * Kernel#Complex, Kernel#Float, Kernel#Integer and
`Kernel.#Rational` take `:exception` option to specify the way of Kernel#Rational take +:exception+ option to specify the way of
error handling. [Feature #12732] error handling. [Feature #12732]
* `Kernel.#system` takes `:exception` option to raise an exception * Kernel#system takes +:exception+ option to raise an exception
on failure. [Feature #14386] on failure. [Feature #14386]
* Incompatible changes: [Incompatible changes]
* `system()` and `exec()` do not close non-standard file descriptors * Kernel#system and Kernel#exec do not close non-standard file descriptors
(The default of `:close_others` option is changed to `false` by (The default of +:close_others+ option is changed to +false+ by
default. but we still set the `FD_CLOEXEC` flag on descriptors we default. but we still set the +FD_CLOEXEC+ flag on descriptors we
create). [Misc #14907] create). [Misc #14907]
* `KeyError` [KeyError]
* New options: [New options]
* `KeyError#initialize` accepts `:receiver` and `:key` options to * KeyError#initialize accepts +:receiver+ and +:key+ options to
set receiver and key in Ruby code. [Feature #14313] set receiver and key in Ruby code. [Feature #14313]
* `Module` [Module]
* New methods: [New methods]
* `Module#method_defined?`, `Module#private_method_defined?` and * Module#method_defined?, Module#private_method_defined? and
`Module#protected_method_defined?` now accepts the second Module#protected_method_defined? now accepts the second
parameter as optional. If it's `true` (=default), checks ancestor parameter as optional. If it's +true+ (=default), checks ancestor
modules/classes, or checks only the class itself. modules/classes, or checks only the class itself. [Feature #14944]
[Feature #14944]
* `NameError` [NameError]
* New options: [New options]
* `NameError#initialize` accepts `:receiver` option to set receiver * NameError#initialize accepts +:receiver+ option to set receiver
in Ruby code. [Feature #14313] in Ruby code. [Feature #14313]
* `NoMethodError` [NoMethodError]
* New options: [New options]
* `NoMethodError#initialize` accepts `:receiver` option to set * NoMethodError#initialize accepts +:receiver+ option to set receiver
receiver in Ruby code. [Feature #14313] in Ruby code. [Feature #14313]
* `Numeric` [Numeric]
* Incompatible changes: [Incompatible changes]
* `Numeric#step` now returns an instance of * Numeric#step now returns an instance of Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence
`Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence` class rather than one of class rather than one of Enumerator class.
`Enumerator` class.
* `Proc` [Proc]
* Incompatible changes: [Incompatible changes]
* `Proc#call` doesn't change `$SAFE` any more. [Feature #14250] * Proc#call doesn't change <code>$SAFE</code> any more. [Feature #14250]
* `Random` [Random]
* New methods: [New methods]
* added `Random.bytes`. [Feature #4938] * added Random.bytes. [Feature #4938]
* `Range` [Range]
* New methods: [New methods]
* Added `Range#%` instance method. [Feature #14697] * Added Range#% instance method. [Feature #14697]
* Incompatible changes: [Incompatible changes]
* `Range#===` now uses `#cover?` instead of `#include?` method. * Range#=== now uses #cover? instead of #include? method. [Feature #14575]
[Feature #14575] * Range#cover? now accepts Range object. [Feature #14473]
* `Range#cover?` now accepts Range object. [Feature #14473] * Range#step now returns an instance of Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence
* `Range#step` now returns an instance of class rather than one of Enumerator class.
`Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence` class rather than one of
`Enumerator` class.
* `RubyVM::AST` [RubyVM::AST]
* New methods: [New methods]
* `RubyVM::AST.parse` parses a given string and returns AST nodes. * RubyVM::AST.parse parses a given string and returns AST
[experimental] nodes. [experimental]
* `RubyVM::AST.parse_file` parses a given file and returns AST * RubyVM::AST.parse_file parses a given file and returns AST
nodes. [experimental] nodes. [experimental]
* `String` [String]
* New features: [New features]
* `String#split` yields each substring to the block if given. * String#split yields each substring to the block if given. [Feature #4780]
[Feature #4780]
* `Struct` [Struct]
* Modified methods: [Modified methods]
* `Struct#to_h` now maps keys and values to new keys and values * Struct#to_h now maps keys and values to new keys and values
by the block if given. [Feature #15143] by the block if given. [Feature #15143]
* Aliased method: [Aliased method]
* `Struct#filter` is a new alias for `Struct#select` [Feature #13784] * Struct#filter is a new alias for Struct#select [Feature #13784]
* `Time` [Time]
* New features: [New features]
* `Time.new` and `Time#getlocal` accept a timezone object as * Time.new and Time#getlocal accept a timezone object as well as
well as UTC offset string. `Time#+`, `Time#-` and `Time#succ` UTC offset string. Time#+, Time#- and Time#succ also preserve
also preserve the timezone. [Feature #14850] the timezone. [Feature #14850]
* `TracePoint` [TracePoint]
* New methods: [New methods]
* `TracePoint#parameters` [Feature #14694] * TracePoint#parameters [Feature #14694]
### Stdlib updates (outstanding ones only) === Stdlib updates (outstanding ones only)
* `ERB` [ERB]
* New options: [New options]
* Add `:trim_mode` and `:eoutvar` keyword arguments to `ERB.new`. * Add +:trim_mode+ and +:eoutvar+ keyword arguments to ERB.new.
Now non-keyword arguments other than first one are softly Now non-keyword arguments other than first one are softly deprecated
deprecated and will be removed when Ruby 2.5 becomes EOL. and will be removed when Ruby 2.5 becomes EOL. [Feature #14256]
[Feature #14256]
* erb command's `-S` option is deprecated, which will be removed in * erb command's <tt>-S</tt> option is deprecated, which will be removed
the next version. in the next version.
* `FileUtils` [FileUtils]
* New method: [New method]
* `FileUtils#cp_lr`. [Feature #4189] * FileUtils#cp_lr. [Feature #4189]
* `Matrix` [Matrix]
* New methods: [New methods]
* `Matrix#antisymmetric?` * Matrix#antisymmetric?
* `Matrix#reflexive?` * Matrix#reflexive?
* `Net` [Net]
* New options: [New options]
* Add `:write_timeout` keyword argument to `Net::BufferedIO.new`. * Add +:write_timeout+ keyword argument to Net::HTTP.new. [Feature #13396]
[Feature #13396]
* New methods: [New methods]
* Add `Net::BufferedIO#write_timeout`, * Add Net::HTTP#write_timeout, and Net::HTTP#write_timeout=. [Feature #13396]
`Net::BufferedIO#write_timeout=`, `Net::HTTP#write_timeout`, and
`Net::HTTP#write_timeout=`. [Feature #13396]
* New constant: [New constant]
* Add `Net::HTTPClientException` to deprecate * Add Net::HTTPClientException to deprecate Net::HTTPServerException,
`Net::HTTPServerException`, whose name is misleading. [Bug #14688] whose name is misleading. [Bug #14688]
* `REXML` [REXML]
* Improved some XPath implementations: [Improved some XPath implementations]
* `concat()` function: Stringify all arguments before concatenating * <code>concat()</code> function: Stringify all arguments before concatenating
* `string()` function: Support context node * <code>string()</code> function: Support context node
* `string()` function: Support processing instruction node * <code>string()</code> function: Support processing instruction node
* Support `"*:#{ELEMENT_NAME}"` syntax in XPath 2.0 * Support <code>"*:#{ELEMENT_NAME}"</code> syntax in XPath 2.0
* Fixed some XPath implementations: [Fixed some XPath implementations]
* `"//#{ELEMENT_NAME}[#{POSITION}]"` case * <code>"//#{ELEMENT_NAME}[#{POSITION}]"</code> case
* `string()` function: Fix `function(document)` returns nodes that * <code>string()</code> function: Fix <code>function(document)</code>
are out of root elements. returns nodes that are out of root elements.
* `"/ #{ELEMENT_NAME} "` case * <code>"/ #{ELEMENT_NAME} "</code> case
* `"/ #{ELEMENT_NAME} [ #{PREDICATE} ]"` case * <code>"/ #{ELEMENT_NAME} [ #{PREDICATE} ]"</code> case
* `"/ #{AXIS}:: #{ELEMENT_NAME} "` case * <code>"/ #{AXIS}::#{ELEMENT_NAME}"</code> case
* `"#{N}-#{M}"` case: One or more white spaces were required before * <code>"#{N}-#{M}"</code> case: One or more white spaces were required
`"-"` before <code>"-"</code>
* `"/child::node()"` case * <code>"/child::node()"</code> case
* `"#{FUNCTION}()/#{PATH}"` case * <code>"#{FUNCTION}()/#{PATH}"</code> case
* `"@#{ATTRIBUTE}/parent::"` case * <code>"@#{ATTRIBUTE}/parent::"</code> case
* `"name(#{NODE_SET})"` case * <code>"name(#{NODE_SET})"</code> case
* `RSS` [RSS]
* New options: [New options]
* `RSS::Parser.parse`: Accept options as `Hash`. `:validate`, * RSS::Parser.parse: Accept options as Hash. +:validate+ ,
`:ignore_unknown_element`, `:parser_class` options are available. +:ignore_unknown_element+ , +:parser_class+ options are available.
* `Set` [Set]
* Aliased methods: [Aliased methods]
* `Set#filter!` is a new alias for `Set#select!`. [Feature #13784] * Set#filter! is a new alias for Set#select!. [Feature #13784]
* `URI` [URI]
* New constant: [New constant]
* Add `URI::File` to handle file URI scheme. [Feature #14035] * Add URI::File to handle file URI scheme. [Feature #14035]
### Compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes) === Compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)
* `File` [File]
* `File.read`, `File.binread`, `File.write`, `File.binwrite`, * File.read, File.binread, File.write, File.binwrite, File.foreach, and
`File.foreach`, and `File.readlines` do not invoke external commands File.readlines do not invoke external commands even if the path starts
even if the path starts with the pipe character `'|'`. with the pipe character <code>'|'</code>. [Feature #14245]
[Feature #14245]
* `Dir` [Dir]
* `Dir.glob` with `'\0'`-separated pattern list will be deprecated, and * Dir.glob with <code>'\0'</code>-separated pattern list will be deprecated,
is now warned. [Feature #14643] and is now warned. [Feature #14643]
### Stdlib compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes) === Stdlib compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)
### C API updates === C API updates
### Supported platform changes === Supported platform changes
### Implementation improvements === Implementation improvements
* Speedup `Proc#call` because we don't need to care about `$SAFE` any more. * Speedup Proc#call because we don't need to care about <code>$SAFE</code>
[Feature #14318] any more. [Feature #14318]
With `lc_fizzbuzz` benchmark which uses so many `Proc#call` we can With +lc_fizzbuzz+ benchmark which uses so many Proc#call we can
measure x1.4 improvements. [Bug #10212] measure x1.4 improvements. [Bug #10212]
* Speedup `block.call` where `block` is passed block parameter. * Speedup block.call where +block+ is passed block parameter. [Feature #14330]
[Feature #14330]
Ruby 2.5 improves block passing performance. [Feature #14045] Ruby 2.5 improves block passing performance. [Feature #14045]
Additionally, Ruby 2.6 improves the performance of passed block calling. Additionally, Ruby 2.6 improves the performance of passed block calling.
* Introduce an initial implementation of JIT (Just-in-time) compiler. * Introduce an initial implementation of JIT (Just-in-time) compiler. [Feature #14235] [experimental]
[Feature #14235] [experimental]
* `--enable=jit` option is added to enable JIT. `--jit-verbose=1` is good for
inspection. See `ruby --help` for others.
* This JIT relies on C compiler used to build Ruby, on runtime. Only
gcc and clang are supported for the JIT for now, and MinGW support has
some issues.
* As of 2.6.0-preview1, we're just preparing infrastructure for JIT and
very few optimizations are implemented. So it's not ready for
benchmarking Ruby's JIT performance yet. It's known that current JIT
enablement makes Rails application slower for now.
* rb_waitpid reimplemented on Unix-like platforms to maintain
compatibility [Bug #14867]
* VM generator script renewal; makes the generated VM more optimized. * <tt>--enable=jit</tt> option is added to enable JIT. <tt>--jit-verbose=1</tt>
[GH-1779] is good for inspection. See <tt>ruby --help</tt> for others.
* This JIT relies on C compiler used to build Ruby, on runtime. Only
gcc and clang are supported for the JIT for now, and MinGW support has
some issues.
* As of 2.6.0-preview1, we're just preparing infrastructure for JIT and
very few optimizations are implemented. So it's not ready for
benchmarking Ruby's JIT performance yet. It's known that current JIT
enablement makes Rails application slower for now.
* rb_waitpid reimplemented on Unix-like platforms to maintain
compatibility [Bug #14867]
* Thread cache enabled for pthreads platforms (for `Thread.new` and * VM generator script renewal; makes the generated VM more optimized. [GH-1779]
`Thread.start`). [Feature #14757]
* Thread cache enabled for pthreads platforms (for Thread.new and
Thread.start). [Feature #14757]
* timer thread is eliminated for platforms with POSIX timers [Misc #14937] * timer thread is eliminated for platforms with POSIX timers [Misc #14937]
### Miscellaneous changes === Miscellaneous changes
* On macOS, shared libraries no longer include a full version number of ruby * On macOS, shared libraries no longer include a full version number of ruby
in their names. This eliminates the burden of each teeny upgrade on the in their names. This eliminates the burden of each teeny upgrade on the
platform that users need to rebuild every extension library. platform that users need to rebuild every extension library.
* Before: [Before]
* libruby.2.6.0.dylib * libruby.2.6.0.dylib
* libruby.2.6.dylib -> libruby.2.6.0.dylib * libruby.2.6.dylib -> libruby.2.6.0.dylib
* libruby.dylib -> libruby.2.6.0.dylib * libruby.dylib -> libruby.2.6.0.dylib
* After: [After]
* libruby.2.6.dylib * libruby.2.6.dylib
* libruby.dylib -> libruby.2.6.dylib * libruby.dylib -> libruby.2.6.dylib
### Misc === Misc
* Extracted misc/*.el files to https://github.com/ruby/elisp * Extracted misc/*.el files to https://github.com/ruby/elisp