/********************************************************************** random.c - $Author$ created at: Fri Dec 24 16:39:21 JST 1993 Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto **********************************************************************/ #include "ruby/internal/config.h" #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H # include #endif #include #include #ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H # include #endif #if defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H) # include #endif #ifdef HAVE_SYSCALL_H # include #elif defined HAVE_SYS_SYSCALL_H # include #endif #ifdef _WIN32 # include # include # include #endif #ifdef __OpenBSD__ /* to define OpenBSD for version check */ # include #endif #if defined HAVE_GETRANDOM # include #elif defined __linux__ && defined __NR_getrandom # include #endif #include "internal.h" #include "internal/array.h" #include "internal/compilers.h" #include "internal/numeric.h" #include "internal/random.h" #include "internal/sanitizers.h" #include "ruby_atomic.h" #include "ruby/random.h" typedef int int_must_be_32bit_at_least[sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT < 32 ? -1 : 1]; #include "missing/mt19937.c" /* generates a random number on [0,1) with 53-bit resolution*/ static double int_pair_to_real_exclusive(uint32_t a, uint32_t b); static double genrand_real(struct MT *mt) { /* mt must be initialized */ unsigned int a = genrand_int32(mt), b = genrand_int32(mt); return int_pair_to_real_exclusive(a, b); } static const double dbl_reduce_scale = /* 2**(-DBL_MANT_DIG) */ (1.0 / (double)(DBL_MANT_DIG > 2*31 ? (1ul<<31) : 1.0) / (double)(DBL_MANT_DIG > 1*31 ? (1ul<<31) : 1.0) / (double)(1ul<<(DBL_MANT_DIG%31))); static double int_pair_to_real_exclusive(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) { static const int a_shift = DBL_MANT_DIG < 64 ? (64-DBL_MANT_DIG)/2 : 0; static const int b_shift = DBL_MANT_DIG < 64 ? (65-DBL_MANT_DIG)/2 : 0; a >>= a_shift; b >>= b_shift; return (a*(double)(1ul<<(32-b_shift))+b)*dbl_reduce_scale; } /* generates a random number on [0,1] with 53-bit resolution*/ static double int_pair_to_real_inclusive(uint32_t a, uint32_t b); #if 0 static double genrand_real2(struct MT *mt) { /* mt must be initialized */ uint32_t a = genrand_int32(mt), b = genrand_int32(mt); return int_pair_to_real_inclusive(a, b); } #endif /* These real versions are due to Isaku Wada, 2002/01/09 added */ #undef N #undef M typedef struct { rb_random_t base; struct MT mt; } rb_random_mt_t; #define DEFAULT_SEED_CNT 4 static VALUE rand_init(const rb_random_interface_t *, rb_random_t *, VALUE); static VALUE random_seed(VALUE); static void fill_random_seed(uint32_t *seed, size_t cnt); static VALUE make_seed_value(uint32_t *ptr, size_t len); RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE(rand_mt); static const rb_random_interface_t random_mt_if = { DEFAULT_SEED_CNT * 32, RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE(rand_mt) }; static rb_random_mt_t * rand_mt_start(rb_random_mt_t *r) { if (!genrand_initialized(&r->mt)) { r->base.seed = rand_init(&random_mt_if, &r->base, random_seed(Qundef)); } return r; } static rb_random_t * rand_start(rb_random_mt_t *r) { return &rand_mt_start(r)->base; } static rb_random_mt_t * default_rand(void) { void *rb_ractor_default_rand(void *); // ractor.c rb_random_mt_t *rnd = (rb_random_mt_t *)rb_ractor_default_rand(NULL); if (rnd == NULL) { rnd = ZALLOC(rb_random_mt_t); rb_ractor_default_rand(rnd); } return rnd; } void rb_default_rand_mark(void *ptr) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd = (rb_random_mt_t *)ptr; rb_gc_mark(rnd->base.seed); } static rb_random_mt_t * default_mt(void) { return rand_mt_start(default_rand()); } unsigned int rb_genrand_int32(void) { struct MT *mt = &default_mt()->mt; return genrand_int32(mt); } double rb_genrand_real(void) { struct MT *mt = &default_mt()->mt; return genrand_real(mt); } #define SIZEOF_INT32 (31/CHAR_BIT + 1) static double int_pair_to_real_inclusive(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) { double r; enum {dig = DBL_MANT_DIG}; enum {dig_u = dig-32, dig_r64 = 64-dig, bmask = ~(~0u<<(dig_r64))}; #if defined HAVE_UINT128_T const uint128_t m = ((uint128_t)1 << dig) | 1; uint128_t x = ((uint128_t)a << 32) | b; r = (double)(uint64_t)((x * m) >> 64); #elif defined HAVE_UINT64_T && !MSC_VERSION_BEFORE(1300) uint64_t x = ((uint64_t)a << dig_u) + (((uint64_t)b + (a >> dig_u)) >> dig_r64); r = (double)x; #else /* shift then add to get rid of overflow */ b = (b >> dig_r64) + (((a >> dig_u) + (b & bmask)) >> dig_r64); r = (double)a * (1 << dig_u) + b; #endif return r * dbl_reduce_scale; } VALUE rb_cRandom; #define id_minus '-' #define id_plus '+' static ID id_rand, id_bytes; NORETURN(static void domain_error(void)); /* :nodoc: */ #define random_mark rb_random_mark void random_mark(void *ptr) { rb_gc_mark(((rb_random_t *)ptr)->seed); } #define random_free RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE static size_t random_memsize(const void *ptr) { return sizeof(rb_random_t); } const rb_data_type_t rb_random_data_type = { "random", { random_mark, random_free, random_memsize, }, 0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY }; #define random_mt_mark rb_random_mark static void random_mt_free(void *ptr) { if (ptr != default_rand()) xfree(ptr); } static size_t random_mt_memsize(const void *ptr) { return sizeof(rb_random_mt_t); } static const rb_data_type_t random_mt_type = { "random/MT", { random_mt_mark, random_mt_free, random_mt_memsize, }, &rb_random_data_type, (void *)&random_mt_if, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY }; static rb_random_t * get_rnd(VALUE obj) { rb_random_t *ptr; TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_random_t, &rb_random_data_type, ptr); if (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj) == &random_mt_type) return rand_start((rb_random_mt_t *)ptr); return ptr; } static rb_random_mt_t * get_rnd_mt(VALUE obj) { rb_random_mt_t *ptr; TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rb_random_mt_t, &random_mt_type, ptr); return ptr; } static rb_random_t * try_get_rnd(VALUE obj) { if (obj == rb_cRandom) { return rand_start(default_rand()); } if (!rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(obj, &rb_random_data_type)) return NULL; if (RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj) == &random_mt_type) return rand_start(DATA_PTR(obj)); rb_random_t *rnd = DATA_PTR(obj); if (!rnd) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "uninitialized random: %s", RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name); } return rnd; } static const rb_random_interface_t * try_rand_if(VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd) { if (rnd == &default_rand()->base) { return &random_mt_if; } return rb_rand_if(obj); } /* :nodoc: */ void rb_random_base_init(rb_random_t *rnd) { rnd->seed = INT2FIX(0); } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE random_alloc(VALUE klass) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd; VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, rb_random_mt_t, &random_mt_type, rnd); rb_random_base_init(&rnd->base); return obj; } static VALUE rand_init_default(const rb_random_interface_t *rng, rb_random_t *rnd) { VALUE seed, buf0 = 0; size_t len = roomof(rng->default_seed_bits, 32); uint32_t *buf = ALLOCV_N(uint32_t, buf0, len+1); fill_random_seed(buf, len); rng->init(rnd, buf, len); seed = make_seed_value(buf, len); explicit_bzero(buf, len * sizeof(*buf)); ALLOCV_END(buf0); return seed; } static VALUE rand_init(const rb_random_interface_t *rng, rb_random_t *rnd, VALUE seed) { uint32_t *buf; VALUE buf0 = 0; size_t len; int sign; len = rb_absint_numwords(seed, 32, NULL); buf = ALLOCV_N(uint32_t, buf0, len); sign = rb_integer_pack(seed, buf, len, sizeof(uint32_t), 0, INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER); if (sign < 0) sign = -sign; if (len == 0) { buf[0] = 0; len = 1; } if (len > 1) { if (sign != 2 && buf[len-1] == 1) /* remove leading-zero-guard */ len--; } rng->init(rnd, buf, len); explicit_bzero(buf, len * sizeof(*buf)); ALLOCV_END(buf0); return seed; } /* * call-seq: * Random.new(seed = Random.new_seed) -> prng * * Creates a new PRNG using +seed+ to set the initial state. If +seed+ is * omitted, the generator is initialized with Random.new_seed. * * See Random.srand for more information on the use of seed values. */ static VALUE random_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); const rb_random_interface_t *rng = rb_rand_if(obj); if (!rng) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "undefined random interface: %s", RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj)->wrap_struct_name); } argc = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1); rb_check_frozen(obj); if (argc == 0) { rnd->seed = rand_init_default(rng, rnd); } else { rnd->seed = rand_init(rng, rnd, rb_to_int(argv[0])); } return obj; } #define DEFAULT_SEED_LEN (DEFAULT_SEED_CNT * (int)sizeof(int32_t)) #if defined(S_ISCHR) && !defined(DOSISH) # define USE_DEV_URANDOM 1 #else # define USE_DEV_URANDOM 0 #endif #if USE_DEV_URANDOM static int fill_random_bytes_urandom(void *seed, size_t size) { /* O_NONBLOCK and O_NOCTTY is meaningless if /dev/urandom correctly points to a urandom device. But it protects from several strange hazard if /dev/urandom is not a urandom device. */ int fd = rb_cloexec_open("/dev/urandom", # ifdef O_NONBLOCK O_NONBLOCK| # endif # ifdef O_NOCTTY O_NOCTTY| # endif O_RDONLY, 0); struct stat statbuf; ssize_t ret = 0; size_t offset = 0; if (fd < 0) return -1; rb_update_max_fd(fd); if (fstat(fd, &statbuf) == 0 && S_ISCHR(statbuf.st_mode)) { do { ret = read(fd, ((char*)seed) + offset, size - offset); if (ret < 0) { close(fd); return -1; } offset += (size_t)ret; } while (offset < size); } close(fd); return 0; } #else # define fill_random_bytes_urandom(seed, size) -1 #endif #if ! defined HAVE_GETRANDOM && defined __linux__ && defined __NR_getrandom # ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK # define GRND_NONBLOCK 0x0001 /* not defined in musl libc */ # endif # define getrandom(ptr, size, flags) \ (ssize_t)syscall(__NR_getrandom, (ptr), (size), (flags)) # define HAVE_GETRANDOM 1 #endif #if 0 #elif defined MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7 && MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7 #include static int fill_random_bytes_syscall(void *seed, size_t size, int unused) { int status = SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, size, seed); if (status != errSecSuccess) { # if 0 CFStringRef s = SecCopyErrorMessageString(status, NULL); const char *m = s ? CFStringGetCStringPtr(s, kCFStringEncodingUTF8) : NULL; fprintf(stderr, "SecRandomCopyBytes failed: %d: %s\n", status, m ? m : "unknown"); if (s) CFRelease(s); # endif return -1; } return 0; } #elif defined(HAVE_ARC4RANDOM_BUF) static int fill_random_bytes_syscall(void *buf, size_t size, int unused) { #if (defined(__OpenBSD__) && OpenBSD >= 201411) || \ (defined(__NetBSD__) && __NetBSD_Version__ >= 700000000) || \ (defined(__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD_version >= 1200079) arc4random_buf(buf, size); return 0; #else return -1; #endif } #elif defined(_WIN32) static void release_crypt(void *p) { HCRYPTPROV prov = (HCRYPTPROV)ATOMIC_PTR_EXCHANGE(*(HCRYPTPROV *)p, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); if (prov && prov != (HCRYPTPROV)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { CryptReleaseContext(prov, 0); } } static int fill_random_bytes_syscall(void *seed, size_t size, int unused) { static HCRYPTPROV perm_prov; HCRYPTPROV prov = perm_prov, old_prov; if (!prov) { if (!CryptAcquireContext(&prov, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT)) { prov = (HCRYPTPROV)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; } old_prov = (HCRYPTPROV)ATOMIC_PTR_CAS(perm_prov, 0, prov); if (LIKELY(!old_prov)) { /* no other threads acquired */ if (prov != (HCRYPTPROV)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { #undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING #define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0 rb_gc_register_mark_object(Data_Wrap_Struct(0, 0, release_crypt, &perm_prov)); } } else { /* another thread acquired */ if (prov != (HCRYPTPROV)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { CryptReleaseContext(prov, 0); } prov = old_prov; } } if (prov == (HCRYPTPROV)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return -1; CryptGenRandom(prov, size, seed); return 0; } #elif defined HAVE_GETRANDOM static int fill_random_bytes_syscall(void *seed, size_t size, int need_secure) { static rb_atomic_t try_syscall = 1; if (try_syscall) { size_t offset = 0; int flags = 0; if (!need_secure) flags = GRND_NONBLOCK; do { errno = 0; ssize_t ret = getrandom(((char*)seed) + offset, size - offset, flags); if (ret == -1) { ATOMIC_SET(try_syscall, 0); return -1; } offset += (size_t)ret; } while (offset < size); return 0; } return -1; } #else # define fill_random_bytes_syscall(seed, size, need_secure) -1 #endif int ruby_fill_random_bytes(void *seed, size_t size, int need_secure) { int ret = fill_random_bytes_syscall(seed, size, need_secure); if (ret == 0) return ret; return fill_random_bytes_urandom(seed, size); } #define fill_random_bytes ruby_fill_random_bytes /* cnt must be 4 or more */ static void fill_random_seed(uint32_t *seed, size_t cnt) { static int n = 0; #if defined HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME struct timespec tv; #elif defined HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY struct timeval tv; #endif size_t len = cnt * sizeof(*seed); memset(seed, 0, len); fill_random_bytes(seed, len, FALSE); #if defined HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tv); seed[0] ^= tv.tv_nsec; #elif defined HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY gettimeofday(&tv, 0); seed[0] ^= tv.tv_usec; #endif seed[1] ^= (uint32_t)tv.tv_sec; #if SIZEOF_TIME_T > SIZEOF_INT seed[0] ^= (uint32_t)((time_t)tv.tv_sec >> SIZEOF_INT * CHAR_BIT); #endif seed[2] ^= getpid() ^ (n++ << 16); seed[3] ^= (uint32_t)(VALUE)&seed; #if SIZEOF_VOIDP > SIZEOF_INT seed[2] ^= (uint32_t)((VALUE)&seed >> SIZEOF_INT * CHAR_BIT); #endif } static VALUE make_seed_value(uint32_t *ptr, size_t len) { VALUE seed; if (ptr[len-1] <= 1) { /* set leading-zero-guard */ ptr[len++] = 1; } seed = rb_integer_unpack(ptr, len, sizeof(uint32_t), 0, INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER); return seed; } #define with_random_seed(size, add) \ for (uint32_t seedbuf[(size)+(add)], loop = (fill_random_seed(seedbuf, (size)), 1); \ loop; explicit_bzero(seedbuf, (size)*sizeof(seedbuf[0])), loop = 0) /* * call-seq: Random.new_seed -> integer * * Returns an arbitrary seed value. This is used by Random.new * when no seed value is specified as an argument. * * Random.new_seed #=> 115032730400174366788466674494640623225 */ static VALUE random_seed(VALUE _) { VALUE v; with_random_seed(DEFAULT_SEED_CNT, 1) { v = make_seed_value(seedbuf, DEFAULT_SEED_CNT); } return v; } /* * call-seq: Random.urandom(size) -> string * * Returns a string, using platform providing features. * Returned value is expected to be a cryptographically secure * pseudo-random number in binary form. * This method raises a RuntimeError if the feature provided by platform * failed to prepare the result. * * In 2017, Linux manpage random(7) writes that "no cryptographic * primitive available today can hope to promise more than 256 bits of * security". So it might be questionable to pass size > 32 to this * method. * * Random.urandom(8) #=> "\x78\x41\xBA\xAF\x7D\xEA\xD8\xEA" */ static VALUE random_raw_seed(VALUE self, VALUE size) { long n = NUM2ULONG(size); VALUE buf = rb_str_new(0, n); if (n == 0) return buf; if (fill_random_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(buf), n, TRUE)) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get urandom"); return buf; } /* * call-seq: prng.seed -> integer * * Returns the seed value used to initialize the generator. This may be used to * initialize another generator with the same state at a later time, causing it * to produce the same sequence of numbers. * * prng1 = Random.new(1234) * prng1.seed #=> 1234 * prng1.rand(100) #=> 47 * * prng2 = Random.new(prng1.seed) * prng2.rand(100) #=> 47 */ static VALUE random_get_seed(VALUE obj) { return get_rnd(obj)->seed; } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE rand_mt_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd1, *rnd2; struct MT *mt; if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(obj, orig)) return obj; rnd1 = get_rnd_mt(obj); rnd2 = get_rnd_mt(orig); mt = &rnd1->mt; *rnd1 = *rnd2; mt->next = mt->state + numberof(mt->state) - mt->left + 1; return obj; } static VALUE mt_state(const struct MT *mt) { return rb_integer_unpack(mt->state, numberof(mt->state), sizeof(*mt->state), 0, INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER); } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE rand_mt_state(VALUE obj) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd = get_rnd_mt(obj); return mt_state(&rnd->mt); } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE random_s_state(VALUE klass) { return mt_state(&default_rand()->mt); } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE rand_mt_left(VALUE obj) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd = get_rnd_mt(obj); return INT2FIX(rnd->mt.left); } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE random_s_left(VALUE klass) { return INT2FIX(default_rand()->mt.left); } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE rand_mt_dump(VALUE obj) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd = rb_check_typeddata(obj, &random_mt_type); VALUE dump = rb_ary_new2(3); rb_ary_push(dump, mt_state(&rnd->mt)); rb_ary_push(dump, INT2FIX(rnd->mt.left)); rb_ary_push(dump, rnd->base.seed); return dump; } /* :nodoc: */ static VALUE rand_mt_load(VALUE obj, VALUE dump) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd = rb_check_typeddata(obj, &random_mt_type); struct MT *mt = &rnd->mt; VALUE state, left = INT2FIX(1), seed = INT2FIX(0); unsigned long x; rb_check_copyable(obj, dump); Check_Type(dump, T_ARRAY); switch (RARRAY_LEN(dump)) { case 3: seed = RARRAY_AREF(dump, 2); case 2: left = RARRAY_AREF(dump, 1); case 1: state = RARRAY_AREF(dump, 0); break; default: rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong dump data"); } rb_integer_pack(state, mt->state, numberof(mt->state), sizeof(*mt->state), 0, INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER); x = NUM2ULONG(left); if (x > numberof(mt->state)) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong value"); } mt->left = (unsigned int)x; mt->next = mt->state + numberof(mt->state) - x + 1; rnd->base.seed = rb_to_int(seed); return obj; } static void rand_mt_init(rb_random_t *rnd, const uint32_t *buf, size_t len) { struct MT *mt = &((rb_random_mt_t *)rnd)->mt; if (len <= 1) { init_genrand(mt, buf[0]); } else { init_by_array(mt, buf, (int)len); } } static unsigned int rand_mt_get_int32(rb_random_t *rnd) { struct MT *mt = &((rb_random_mt_t *)rnd)->mt; return genrand_int32(mt); } static void rand_mt_get_bytes(rb_random_t *rnd, void *ptr, size_t n) { rb_rand_bytes_int32(rand_mt_get_int32, rnd, ptr, n); } /* * call-seq: * srand(number = Random.new_seed) -> old_seed * * Seeds the system pseudo-random number generator, Random::DEFAULT, with * +number+. The previous seed value is returned. * * If +number+ is omitted, seeds the generator using a source of entropy * provided by the operating system, if available (/dev/urandom on Unix systems * or the RSA cryptographic provider on Windows), which is then combined with * the time, the process id, and a sequence number. * * srand may be used to ensure repeatable sequences of pseudo-random numbers * between different runs of the program. By setting the seed to a known value, * programs can be made deterministic during testing. * * srand 1234 # => 268519324636777531569100071560086917274 * [ rand, rand ] # => [0.1915194503788923, 0.6221087710398319] * [ rand(10), rand(1000) ] # => [4, 664] * srand 1234 # => 1234 * [ rand, rand ] # => [0.1915194503788923, 0.6221087710398319] */ static VALUE rb_f_srand(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { VALUE seed, old; rb_random_mt_t *r = rand_mt_start(default_rand()); if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0) { seed = random_seed(obj); } else { seed = rb_to_int(argv[0]); } old = r->base.seed; rand_init(&random_mt_if, &r->base, seed); r->base.seed = seed; return old; } static unsigned long make_mask(unsigned long x) { x = x | x >> 1; x = x | x >> 2; x = x | x >> 4; x = x | x >> 8; x = x | x >> 16; #if 4 < SIZEOF_LONG x = x | x >> 32; #endif return x; } static unsigned long limited_rand(const rb_random_interface_t *rng, rb_random_t *rnd, unsigned long limit) { /* mt must be initialized */ unsigned long val, mask; if (!limit) return 0; mask = make_mask(limit); #if 4 < SIZEOF_LONG if (0xffffffff < limit) { int i; retry: val = 0; for (i = SIZEOF_LONG/SIZEOF_INT32-1; 0 <= i; i--) { if ((mask >> (i * 32)) & 0xffffffff) { val |= (unsigned long)rng->get_int32(rnd) << (i * 32); val &= mask; if (limit < val) goto retry; } } return val; } #endif do { val = rng->get_int32(rnd) & mask; } while (limit < val); return val; } static VALUE limited_big_rand(const rb_random_interface_t *rng, rb_random_t *rnd, VALUE limit) { /* mt must be initialized */ uint32_t mask; long i; int boundary; size_t len; uint32_t *tmp, *lim_array, *rnd_array; VALUE vtmp; VALUE val; len = rb_absint_numwords(limit, 32, NULL); tmp = ALLOCV_N(uint32_t, vtmp, len*2); lim_array = tmp; rnd_array = tmp + len; rb_integer_pack(limit, lim_array, len, sizeof(uint32_t), 0, INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER); retry: mask = 0; boundary = 1; for (i = len-1; 0 <= i; i--) { uint32_t r = 0; uint32_t lim = lim_array[i]; mask = mask ? 0xffffffff : (uint32_t)make_mask(lim); if (mask) { r = rng->get_int32(rnd) & mask; if (boundary) { if (lim < r) goto retry; if (r < lim) boundary = 0; } } rnd_array[i] = r; } val = rb_integer_unpack(rnd_array, len, sizeof(uint32_t), 0, INTEGER_PACK_LSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER); ALLOCV_END(vtmp); return val; } /* * Returns random unsigned long value in [0, +limit+]. * * Note that +limit+ is included, and the range of the argument and the * return value depends on environments. */ unsigned long rb_genrand_ulong_limited(unsigned long limit) { rb_random_mt_t *mt = default_mt(); return limited_rand(&random_mt_if, &mt->base, limit); } static VALUE obj_random_bytes(VALUE obj, void *p, long n) { VALUE len = LONG2NUM(n); VALUE v = rb_funcallv_public(obj, id_bytes, 1, &len); long l; Check_Type(v, T_STRING); l = RSTRING_LEN(v); if (l < n) rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "random data too short %ld", l); else if (l > n) rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "random data too long %ld", l); if (p) memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(v), n); return v; } static unsigned int random_int32(const rb_random_interface_t *rng, rb_random_t *rnd) { return rng->get_int32(rnd); } unsigned int rb_random_int32(VALUE obj) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); if (!rnd) { uint32_t x; obj_random_bytes(obj, &x, sizeof(x)); return (unsigned int)x; } return random_int32(try_rand_if(obj, rnd), rnd); } static double random_real(VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd, int excl) { uint32_t a, b; if (!rnd) { uint32_t x[2] = {0, 0}; obj_random_bytes(obj, x, sizeof(x)); a = x[0]; b = x[1]; } else { const rb_random_interface_t *rng = try_rand_if(obj, rnd); if (rng->get_real) return rng->get_real(rnd, excl); a = random_int32(rng, rnd); b = random_int32(rng, rnd); } return rb_int_pair_to_real(a, b, excl); } double rb_int_pair_to_real(uint32_t a, uint32_t b, int excl) { if (excl) { return int_pair_to_real_exclusive(a, b); } else { return int_pair_to_real_inclusive(a, b); } } double rb_random_real(VALUE obj) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); if (!rnd) { VALUE v = rb_funcallv(obj, id_rand, 0, 0); double d = NUM2DBL(v); if (d < 0.0) { rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "random number too small %g", d); } else if (d >= 1.0) { rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "random number too big %g", d); } return d; } return random_real(obj, rnd, TRUE); } static inline VALUE ulong_to_num_plus_1(unsigned long n) { #if HAVE_LONG_LONG return ULL2NUM((LONG_LONG)n+1); #else if (n >= ULONG_MAX) { return rb_big_plus(ULONG2NUM(n), INT2FIX(1)); } return ULONG2NUM(n+1); #endif } static unsigned long random_ulong_limited(VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd, unsigned long limit) { if (!limit) return 0; if (!rnd) { const int w = sizeof(limit) * CHAR_BIT - nlz_long(limit); const int n = w > 32 ? sizeof(unsigned long) : sizeof(uint32_t); const unsigned long mask = ~(~0UL << w); const unsigned long full = (size_t)n >= sizeof(unsigned long) ? ~0UL : ~(~0UL << n * CHAR_BIT); unsigned long val, bits = 0, rest = 0; do { if (mask & ~rest) { union {uint32_t u32; unsigned long ul;} buf; obj_random_bytes(obj, &buf, n); rest = full; bits = (n == sizeof(uint32_t)) ? buf.u32 : buf.ul; } val = bits; bits >>= w; rest >>= w; val &= mask; } while (limit < val); return val; } return limited_rand(try_rand_if(obj, rnd), rnd, limit); } unsigned long rb_random_ulong_limited(VALUE obj, unsigned long limit) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); if (!rnd) { VALUE lim = ulong_to_num_plus_1(limit); VALUE v = rb_to_int(rb_funcallv_public(obj, id_rand, 1, &lim)); unsigned long r = NUM2ULONG(v); if (rb_num_negative_p(v)) { rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "random number too small %ld", r); } if (r > limit) { rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "random number too big %ld", r); } return r; } return limited_rand(try_rand_if(obj, rnd), rnd, limit); } static VALUE random_ulong_limited_big(VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd, VALUE vmax) { if (!rnd) { VALUE v, vtmp; size_t i, nlz, len = rb_absint_numwords(vmax, 32, &nlz); uint32_t *tmp = ALLOCV_N(uint32_t, vtmp, len * 2); uint32_t mask = (uint32_t)~0 >> nlz; uint32_t *lim_array = tmp; uint32_t *rnd_array = tmp + len; int flag = INTEGER_PACK_MSWORD_FIRST|INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER; rb_integer_pack(vmax, lim_array, len, sizeof(uint32_t), 0, flag); retry: obj_random_bytes(obj, rnd_array, len * sizeof(uint32_t)); rnd_array[0] &= mask; for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (lim_array[i] < rnd_array[i]) goto retry; if (rnd_array[i] < lim_array[i]) break; } v = rb_integer_unpack(rnd_array, len, sizeof(uint32_t), 0, flag); ALLOCV_END(vtmp); return v; } return limited_big_rand(try_rand_if(obj, rnd), rnd, vmax); } static VALUE rand_bytes(const rb_random_interface_t *rng, rb_random_t *rnd, long n) { VALUE bytes; char *ptr; bytes = rb_str_new(0, n); ptr = RSTRING_PTR(bytes); rb_rand_bytes_int32(rng->get_int32, rnd, ptr, n); return bytes; } /* * call-seq: prng.bytes(size) -> string * * Returns a random binary string containing +size+ bytes. * * random_string = Random.new.bytes(10) # => "\xD7:R\xAB?\x83\xCE\xFAkO" * random_string.size # => 10 */ static VALUE random_bytes(VALUE obj, VALUE len) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); return rand_bytes(rb_rand_if(obj), rnd, NUM2LONG(rb_to_int(len))); } void rb_rand_bytes_int32(rb_random_get_int32_func *get_int32, rb_random_t *rnd, void *p, size_t n) { char *ptr = p; unsigned int r, i; for (; n >= SIZEOF_INT32; n -= SIZEOF_INT32) { r = get_int32(rnd); i = SIZEOF_INT32; do { *ptr++ = (char)r; r >>= CHAR_BIT; } while (--i); } if (n > 0) { r = get_int32(rnd); do { *ptr++ = (char)r; r >>= CHAR_BIT; } while (--n); } } VALUE rb_random_bytes(VALUE obj, long n) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); if (!rnd) { return obj_random_bytes(obj, NULL, n); } return rand_bytes(try_rand_if(obj, rnd), rnd, n); } /* * call-seq: Random.bytes(size) -> string * * Returns a random binary string. * The argument +size+ specifies the length of the returned string. */ static VALUE random_s_bytes(VALUE obj, VALUE len) { rb_random_t *rnd = rand_start(default_rand()); return rand_bytes(&random_mt_if, rnd, NUM2LONG(rb_to_int(len))); } static VALUE random_s_seed(VALUE obj) { rb_random_mt_t *rnd = rand_mt_start(default_rand()); return rnd->base.seed; } static VALUE range_values(VALUE vmax, VALUE *begp, VALUE *endp, int *exclp) { VALUE beg, end; if (!rb_range_values(vmax, &beg, &end, exclp)) return Qfalse; if (begp) *begp = beg; if (NIL_P(beg)) return Qnil; if (endp) *endp = end; if (NIL_P(end)) return Qnil; return rb_check_funcall_default(end, id_minus, 1, begp, Qfalse); } static VALUE rand_int(VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd, VALUE vmax, int restrictive) { /* mt must be initialized */ unsigned long r; if (FIXNUM_P(vmax)) { long max = FIX2LONG(vmax); if (!max) return Qnil; if (max < 0) { if (restrictive) return Qnil; max = -max; } r = random_ulong_limited(obj, rnd, (unsigned long)max - 1); return ULONG2NUM(r); } else { VALUE ret; if (rb_bigzero_p(vmax)) return Qnil; if (!BIGNUM_SIGN(vmax)) { if (restrictive) return Qnil; vmax = rb_big_uminus(vmax); } vmax = rb_big_minus(vmax, INT2FIX(1)); if (FIXNUM_P(vmax)) { long max = FIX2LONG(vmax); if (max == -1) return Qnil; r = random_ulong_limited(obj, rnd, max); return LONG2NUM(r); } ret = random_ulong_limited_big(obj, rnd, vmax); RB_GC_GUARD(vmax); return ret; } } static void domain_error(void) { VALUE error = INT2FIX(EDOM); rb_exc_raise(rb_class_new_instance(1, &error, rb_eSystemCallError)); } NORETURN(static void invalid_argument(VALUE)); static void invalid_argument(VALUE arg0) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid argument - %"PRIsVALUE, arg0); } static VALUE check_random_number(VALUE v, const VALUE *argv) { switch (v) { case Qfalse: (void)NUM2LONG(argv[0]); break; case Qnil: invalid_argument(argv[0]); } return v; } static inline double float_value(VALUE v) { double x = RFLOAT_VALUE(v); if (isinf(x) || isnan(x)) { domain_error(); } return x; } static inline VALUE rand_range(VALUE obj, rb_random_t* rnd, VALUE range) { VALUE beg = Qundef, end = Qundef, vmax, v; int excl = 0; if ((v = vmax = range_values(range, &beg, &end, &excl)) == Qfalse) return Qfalse; if (NIL_P(v)) domain_error(); if (!RB_TYPE_P(vmax, T_FLOAT) && (v = rb_check_to_int(vmax), !NIL_P(v))) { long max; vmax = v; v = Qnil; fixnum: if (FIXNUM_P(vmax)) { if ((max = FIX2LONG(vmax) - excl) >= 0) { unsigned long r = random_ulong_limited(obj, rnd, (unsigned long)max); v = ULONG2NUM(r); } } else if (BUILTIN_TYPE(vmax) == T_BIGNUM && BIGNUM_SIGN(vmax) && !rb_bigzero_p(vmax)) { vmax = excl ? rb_big_minus(vmax, INT2FIX(1)) : rb_big_norm(vmax); if (FIXNUM_P(vmax)) { excl = 0; goto fixnum; } v = random_ulong_limited_big(obj, rnd, vmax); } } else if (v = rb_check_to_float(vmax), !NIL_P(v)) { int scale = 1; double max = RFLOAT_VALUE(v), mid = 0.5, r; if (isinf(max)) { double min = float_value(rb_to_float(beg)) / 2.0; max = float_value(rb_to_float(end)) / 2.0; scale = 2; mid = max + min; max -= min; } else if (isnan(max)) { domain_error(); } v = Qnil; if (max > 0.0) { r = random_real(obj, rnd, excl); if (scale > 1) { return rb_float_new(+(+(+(r - 0.5) * max) * scale) + mid); } v = rb_float_new(r * max); } else if (max == 0.0 && !excl) { v = rb_float_new(0.0); } } if (FIXNUM_P(beg) && FIXNUM_P(v)) { long x = FIX2LONG(beg) + FIX2LONG(v); return LONG2NUM(x); } switch (TYPE(v)) { case T_NIL: break; case T_BIGNUM: return rb_big_plus(v, beg); case T_FLOAT: { VALUE f = rb_check_to_float(beg); if (!NIL_P(f)) { return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(v) + RFLOAT_VALUE(f)); } } default: return rb_funcallv(beg, id_plus, 1, &v); } return v; } static VALUE rand_random(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd); /* * call-seq: * prng.rand -> float * prng.rand(max) -> number * * When +max+ is an Integer, +rand+ returns a random integer greater than * or equal to zero and less than +max+. Unlike Kernel.rand, when +max+ * is a negative integer or zero, +rand+ raises an ArgumentError. * * prng = Random.new * prng.rand(100) # => 42 * * When +max+ is a Float, +rand+ returns a random floating point number * between 0.0 and +max+, including 0.0 and excluding +max+. * * prng.rand(1.5) # => 1.4600282860034115 * * When +max+ is a Range, +rand+ returns a random number where * range.member?(number) == true. * * prng.rand(5..9) # => one of [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] * prng.rand(5...9) # => one of [5, 6, 7, 8] * prng.rand(5.0..9.0) # => between 5.0 and 9.0, including 9.0 * prng.rand(5.0...9.0) # => between 5.0 and 9.0, excluding 9.0 * * Both the beginning and ending values of the range must respond to subtract * (-) and add (+)methods, or rand will raise an * ArgumentError. */ static VALUE random_rand(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { VALUE v = rand_random(argc, argv, obj, try_get_rnd(obj)); check_random_number(v, argv); return v; } static VALUE rand_random(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj, rb_random_t *rnd) { VALUE vmax, v; if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) == 0) { return rb_float_new(random_real(obj, rnd, TRUE)); } vmax = argv[0]; if (NIL_P(vmax)) return Qnil; if (!RB_TYPE_P(vmax, T_FLOAT)) { v = rb_check_to_int(vmax); if (!NIL_P(v)) return rand_int(obj, rnd, v, 1); } v = rb_check_to_float(vmax); if (!NIL_P(v)) { const double max = float_value(v); if (max < 0.0) { return Qnil; } else { double r = random_real(obj, rnd, TRUE); if (max > 0.0) r *= max; return rb_float_new(r); } } return rand_range(obj, rnd, vmax); } /* * call-seq: * prng.random_number -> float * prng.random_number(max) -> number * prng.rand -> float * prng.rand(max) -> number * * Generates formatted random number from raw random bytes. * See Random#rand. */ static VALUE rand_random_number(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { rb_random_t *rnd = try_get_rnd(obj); VALUE v = rand_random(argc, argv, obj, rnd); if (NIL_P(v)) v = rand_random(0, 0, obj, rnd); else if (!v) invalid_argument(argv[0]); return v; } /* * call-seq: * prng1 == prng2 -> true or false * * Returns true if the two generators have the same internal state, otherwise * false. Equivalent generators will return the same sequence of * pseudo-random numbers. Two generators will generally have the same state * only if they were initialized with the same seed * * Random.new == Random.new # => false * Random.new(1234) == Random.new(1234) # => true * * and have the same invocation history. * * prng1 = Random.new(1234) * prng2 = Random.new(1234) * prng1 == prng2 # => true * * prng1.rand # => 0.1915194503788923 * prng1 == prng2 # => false * * prng2.rand # => 0.1915194503788923 * prng1 == prng2 # => true */ static VALUE rand_mt_equal(VALUE self, VALUE other) { rb_random_mt_t *r1, *r2; if (rb_obj_class(self) != rb_obj_class(other)) return Qfalse; r1 = get_rnd_mt(self); r2 = get_rnd_mt(other); if (memcmp(r1->mt.state, r2->mt.state, sizeof(r1->mt.state))) return Qfalse; if ((r1->mt.next - r1->mt.state) != (r2->mt.next - r2->mt.state)) return Qfalse; if (r1->mt.left != r2->mt.left) return Qfalse; return rb_equal(r1->base.seed, r2->base.seed); } /* * call-seq: * rand(max=0) -> number * * If called without an argument, or if max.to_i.abs == 0, rand * returns a pseudo-random floating point number between 0.0 and 1.0, * including 0.0 and excluding 1.0. * * rand #=> 0.2725926052826416 * * When +max.abs+ is greater than or equal to 1, +rand+ returns a pseudo-random * integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than +max.to_i.abs+. * * rand(100) #=> 12 * * When +max+ is a Range, +rand+ returns a random number where * range.member?(number) == true. * * Negative or floating point values for +max+ are allowed, but may give * surprising results. * * rand(-100) # => 87 * rand(-0.5) # => 0.8130921818028143 * rand(1.9) # equivalent to rand(1), which is always 0 * * Kernel.srand may be used to ensure that sequences of random numbers are * reproducible between different runs of a program. * * See also Random.rand. */ static VALUE rb_f_rand(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { VALUE vmax; rb_random_t *rnd = rand_start(default_rand()); if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(vmax = argv[0])) { VALUE v = rand_range(obj, rnd, vmax); if (v != Qfalse) return v; vmax = rb_to_int(vmax); if (vmax != INT2FIX(0)) { v = rand_int(obj, rnd, vmax, 0); if (!NIL_P(v)) return v; } } return DBL2NUM(random_real(obj, rnd, TRUE)); } /* * call-seq: * Random.rand -> float * Random.rand(max) -> number * * Alias of Random::DEFAULT.rand. */ static VALUE random_s_rand(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj) { VALUE v = rand_random(argc, argv, Qnil, rand_start(default_rand())); check_random_number(v, argv); return v; } #define SIP_HASH_STREAMING 0 #define sip_hash13 ruby_sip_hash13 #if !defined _WIN32 && !defined BYTE_ORDER # ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN # define BYTE_ORDER BIG_ENDIAN # else # define BYTE_ORDER LITTLE_ENDIAN # endif # ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN # define LITTLE_ENDIAN 1234 # endif # ifndef BIG_ENDIAN # define BIG_ENDIAN 4321 # endif #endif #include "siphash.c" typedef struct { st_index_t hash; uint8_t sip[16]; } hash_salt_t; static union { hash_salt_t key; uint32_t u32[type_roomof(hash_salt_t, uint32_t)]; } hash_salt; static void init_hash_salt(struct MT *mt) { int i; for (i = 0; i < numberof(hash_salt.u32); ++i) hash_salt.u32[i] = genrand_int32(mt); } NO_SANITIZE("unsigned-integer-overflow", extern st_index_t rb_hash_start(st_index_t h)); st_index_t rb_hash_start(st_index_t h) { return st_hash_start(hash_salt.key.hash + h); } st_index_t rb_memhash(const void *ptr, long len) { sip_uint64_t h = sip_hash13(hash_salt.key.sip, ptr, len); #ifdef HAVE_UINT64_T return (st_index_t)h; #else return (st_index_t)(h.u32[0] ^ h.u32[1]); #endif } /* Initialize Ruby internal seeds. This function is called at very early stage * of Ruby startup. Thus, you can't use Ruby's object. */ void Init_RandomSeedCore(void) { if (!fill_random_bytes(&hash_salt, sizeof(hash_salt), FALSE)) return; /* If failed to fill siphash's salt with random data, expand less random data with MT. Don't reuse this MT for Random::DEFAULT. Random::DEFAULT::seed shouldn't provide a hint that an attacker guess siphash's seed. */ struct MT mt; with_random_seed(DEFAULT_SEED_CNT, 0) { init_by_array(&mt, seedbuf, DEFAULT_SEED_CNT); } init_hash_salt(&mt); explicit_bzero(&mt, sizeof(mt)); } void rb_reset_random_seed(void) { rb_random_mt_t *r = default_rand(); uninit_genrand(&r->mt); r->base.seed = INT2FIX(0); } /* * Document-class: Random * * Random provides an interface to Ruby's pseudo-random number generator, or * PRNG. The PRNG produces a deterministic sequence of bits which approximate * true randomness. The sequence may be represented by integers, floats, or * binary strings. * * The generator may be initialized with either a system-generated or * user-supplied seed value by using Random.srand. * * The class method Random.rand provides the base functionality of Kernel.rand * along with better handling of floating point values. These are both * interfaces to Random::DEFAULT, the Ruby system PRNG. * * Random.new will create a new PRNG with a state independent of * Random::DEFAULT, allowing multiple generators with different seed values or * sequence positions to exist simultaneously. Random objects can be * marshaled, allowing sequences to be saved and resumed. * * PRNGs are currently implemented as a modified Mersenne Twister with a period * of 2**19937-1. As this algorithm is _not_ for cryptographical use, you must * use SecureRandom for security purpose, instead of this PRNG. */ void InitVM_Random(void) { VALUE base; ID id_base = rb_intern_const("Base"); rb_define_global_function("srand", rb_f_srand, -1); rb_define_global_function("rand", rb_f_rand, -1); base = rb_define_class_id(id_base, rb_cObject); rb_undef_alloc_func(base); rb_cRandom = rb_define_class("Random", base); rb_const_set(rb_cRandom, id_base, base); rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cRandom, random_alloc); rb_define_method(base, "initialize", random_init, -1); rb_define_method(base, "rand", random_rand, -1); rb_define_method(base, "bytes", random_bytes, 1); rb_define_method(base, "seed", random_get_seed, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cRandom, "initialize_copy", rand_mt_copy, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cRandom, "marshal_dump", rand_mt_dump, 0); rb_define_private_method(rb_cRandom, "marshal_load", rand_mt_load, 1); rb_define_private_method(rb_cRandom, "state", rand_mt_state, 0); rb_define_private_method(rb_cRandom, "left", rand_mt_left, 0); rb_define_method(rb_cRandom, "==", rand_mt_equal, 1); rb_define_const(rb_cRandom, "DEFAULT", rb_cRandom); rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cRandom, "srand", rb_f_srand, -1); rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cRandom, "rand", random_s_rand, -1); rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cRandom, "bytes", random_s_bytes, 1); rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cRandom, "seed", random_s_seed, 0); rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cRandom, "new_seed", random_seed, 0); rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cRandom, "urandom", random_raw_seed, 1); rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cRandom), "state", random_s_state, 0); rb_define_private_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cRandom), "left", random_s_left, 0); { /* Format raw random number as Random does */ VALUE m = rb_define_module_under(rb_cRandom, "Formatter"); rb_include_module(base, m); rb_extend_object(base, m); rb_define_method(m, "random_number", rand_random_number, -1); rb_define_method(m, "rand", rand_random_number, -1); } } #undef rb_intern void Init_Random(void) { id_rand = rb_intern("rand"); id_bytes = rb_intern("bytes"); InitVM(Random); }