# -*- rdoc -*- = NEWS for Ruby 2.6.0 This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between releases except for bug fixes. Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference information is supplied with. For a full list of changes with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file or Redmine (e.g. https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/$FEATURE_OR_BUG_NUMBER) == Changes since the 2.5.0 release === Language changes * $SAFE is a process global state and we can set 0 again. [Feature #14250] * refinements takes place at block passing. [Feature #14223] * refinements takes place at Kernel#public_send. [Feature #15326] * refinements takes place at Kernel#respond_to?. [Feature #15327] * +else+ without +rescue+ now causes a syntax error. [EXPERIMENTAL] [Feature #14606] * constant names may start with a non-ASCII capital letter. [Feature #13770] * An endless range is introduced. You can write a range that has no end, like (0..). The following shows typical use cases. [Feature #12912] ary[1..] # identical to ary[1..-1] (1..).each {|index| ... } # infinite loop from index 1 ary.zip(1..) {|elem, index| ... } # ary.each.with_index(1) { } * Non-Symbol key in keyword arguments hash causes an exception. * "shadowing outer local variable" warning was removed. [Feature #12490] You can now write the following without warning. user = users.find {|user| cond(user) } * Print exception backtrace and error message in reverse order when the exception is not caught and STDOUT is unchanged and a tty. [Feature #8661] * Print +cause+ of the exception if the exception is not caught and printed its backtraces and error message [Feature #8257] * Flip-flop syntax is deprecated. [Feature #5400] === Core classes updates (outstanding ones only) [Array] [New methods] * Added Array#union and Array#difference instance methods. [Feature #14097] [Modified methods] * Array#to_h now maps elements to new keys and values by the block if given. [Feature #15143] [Aliased methods] * Array#filter is a new alias for Array#select. [Feature #13784] * Array#filter! is a new alias for Array#select!. [Feature #13784] [Binding] [New methods] * added Binding#source_location. [Feature #14230] This method returns the source location of the binding, a 2-element array of __FILE__ and __LINE__. Traditionally, the same information could be retrieved by eval("[__FILE__, __LINE__]", binding), but we are planning to change this behavior so that Kernel#eval ignores binding's source location [Bug #4352]. So, users should use this newly-introduced method instead of Kernel#eval. [Dir] [New methods] * added Dir#each_child and Dir#children instance methods. [Feature #13969] [Enumerable] [New methods] * Enumerable#chain returns an enumerator object that iterates over the elements of the receiver and then those of each argument in sequence. [Feature #15144] [Modified methods] * Enumerable#to_h now maps elements to new keys and values by the block if given. [Feature #15143] [Aliased methods] * Enumerable#filter is a new alias for Enumerable#select. [Feature #13784] [Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence] * This is a new class to represent a generator of an arithmetic sequence, that is a number sequence defined by a common difference. It can be used for representing what is similar to Python's slice. You can get an instance of this class from Numeric#step and Range#step. [Enumerator::Chain] * This is a new class to represent a chain of enumerables that works as a single enumerator, generated by such methods as Enumerable#chain and Enumerator#+. [Enumerator::Lazy] [Aliased methods] * Enumerator::Lazy#filter is a new alias for Enumerator::Lazy#select. [Feature #13784] [Enumerator] [New methods] * Enumerator#+ returns an enumerator object that iterates over the elements of the receiver and then those of the other operand. [Feature #15144] [ENV] [Modified methods] * ENV.to_h now maps names and values to new keys and values by the block if given. [Feature #15143] [Exception] [New options] * Exception#full_message takes +:highlight+ and +:order+ options. [Bug #14324] [Hash] [Modified methods] * Hash#merge, merge!, and update now accept multiple arguments. [Feature #15111] * Hash#to_h now maps keys and values to new keys and values by the block if given. [Feature #15143] [Aliased methods] * Hash#filter is a new alias for Hash#select. [Feature #13784] * Hash#filter! is a new alias for Hash#select!. [Feature #13784] [IO] [New options] * new mode character 'x' to open files for exclusive access. [Feature #11258] [Kernel] [Aliased methods] * Kernel#then is a new alias for Kernel#yield_self. [Feature #14594] [New options] * Kernel#Complex, Kernel#Float, Kernel#Integer, and Kernel#Rational take +:exception+ option to specify the way of error handling. [Feature #12732] * Kernel#system takes +:exception+ option to raise an exception on failure. [Feature #14386] [Incompatible changes] * Kernel#system and Kernel#exec do not close non-standard file descriptors (The default of the +:close_others+ option is changed to +false+, but we still set the +FD_CLOEXEC+ flag on descriptors we create). [Misc #14907] [KeyError] [New options] * KeyError.new accepts +:receiver+ and +:key+ options to set receiver and key in Ruby code. [Feature #14313] [Method] [New methods] * added Method#<< and Method#>> for Proc composition. [Feature #6284] [Module] [New methods] * Module#method_defined?, Module#private_method_defined?, and Module#protected_method_defined? now accept the second parameter as optional. If it's +true+ (=default), checks ancestor modules/classes, or checks only the class itself. [Feature #14944] [NameError] [New options] * NameError.new accepts +:receiver+ option to set receiver in Ruby code. [Feature #14313] [NilClass] [New methods] * NilClass#=~ is added for compatibility. [Feature #15231] [NoMethodError] [New options] * NoMethodError.new accepts +:receiver+ option to set receiver in Ruby code. [Feature #14313] [Numeric] [Incompatible changes] * Numeric#step now returns an instance of Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence class rather than one of Enumerator class. [Proc] [New methods] * added Proc#<< and Proc#>> for Proc composition. [Feature #6284] [Incompatible changes] * Proc#call doesn't change $SAFE any more. [Feature #14250] [Random] [New methods] * added Random.bytes. [Feature #4938] [Range] [New methods] * Added Range#% instance method. [Feature #14697] [Incompatible changes] * Range#=== now uses +#cover?+ instead of +#include?+ method. [Feature #14575] * Range#cover? now accepts Range object. [Feature #14473] * Range#step now returns an instance of Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence class rather than one of Enumerator class. [Regexp/String] * Update Unicode version from 10.0.0 to 11.0.0 [Feature #14802] This includes a rewrite of the grapheme cluster (/\X/) algorithm and special-casing for Georgian MTAVRULI on String#downcase. * Update Emoji version from 5.0 to 11.0.0 [Feature #14802] [RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree] [New methods] * RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse parses a given string and returns AST nodes. [experimental] * RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse_file parses a given file and returns AST nodes. [experimental] * RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.of returns AST nodes of the given proc or method. [experimental] [RubyVM] [New methods] * RubyVM.resolve_feature_path identifies the file that will be loaded by "require(feature)". [experimental] [Feature #15230] [String] * String#crypt is now deprecated. [Feature #14915] [New features] * String#split yields each substring to the block if given. [Feature #4780] [Struct] [Modified methods] * Struct#to_h now maps keys and values to new keys and values by the block if given. [Feature #15143] [Aliased method] * Struct#filter is a new alias for Struct#select [Feature #13784] [Time] [New features] * Time.new and Time#getlocal accept a timezone object as well as UTC offset string. Time#+, Time#- and Time#succ also preserve the timezone. [Feature #14850] [TracePoint] [New features] * "compiled_script" event is supported. [Feature #15287] [New methods] * TracePoint#parameters [Feature #14694] * TracePoint#compiled_instruction_sequence [Feature #15287] * TracePoint#compiled_eval_script [Feature #15287] [Modified methods] * TracePoint#enable accepts new keywords "target:" and "target_line:". [Feature #15289] === Stdlib updates (outstanding ones only) [BigDecimal] Update to the version 1.4.0. This version includes several compatibility issues, see Compatibility issues section below for the detail. [Modified methods] * BigDecimal() accepts new keywords "exception:" likewise Float(). [Bundler] * Add Bundler to Standard Library. [Feature #12733] * Use 1.17.2. It's the latest stable version. [Coverage] A oneshot_lines mode is added. [Feature #15022] This mode checks "whether each line was executed at least once or not", instead of "how many times each line was executed". A hook for each line is fired at most once, and after it is fired the hook flag is removed, i.e., it runs with zero overhead. [New options] * Add +:oneshot_lines+ keyword argument to Coverage.start. * Add +:stop+ and +:clear+ keyword arguments to Coverage.result. If +clear+ is true, it clears the counters to zero. If +stop+ is true, it disables coverage measurement. [New methods] * Coverage.line_stub, which is a simple helper function that creates the "stub" of line coverage from a given source code. [ERB] [New options] * Add +:trim_mode+ and +:eoutvar+ keyword arguments to ERB.new. Now non-keyword arguments other than first one are softly deprecated and will be removed when Ruby 2.5 becomes EOL. [Feature #14256] * erb command's -S option is deprecated, which will be removed in the next version. [FileUtils] [New methods] * FileUtils#cp_lr. [Feature #4189] [Matrix] [New methods] * Matrix#antisymmetric? / #skew_symmetric? * Matrix#map! / #collect! [Feature #14151] * Matrix#[]= * Vector#map! / #collect! * Vector#[]= [Net] [New options] * Add +:write_timeout+ keyword argument to Net::HTTP.new. [Feature #13396] [New methods] * Add Net::HTTP#write_timeout and Net::HTTP#write_timeout=. [Feature #13396] [New constant] * Add Net::HTTPClientException to deprecate Net::HTTPServerException, whose name is misleading. [Bug #14688] [REXML] [Improved some XPath implementations] * concat() function: Stringify all arguments before concatenating * string() function: Support context node * string() function: Support processing instruction node * Support "*:#{ELEMENT_NAME}" syntax in XPath 2.0 [Fixed some XPath implementations] * "//#{ELEMENT_NAME}[#{POSITION}]" case * string() function: Fix function(document) returns nodes that are out of root elements. * "/ #{ELEMENT_NAME} " case * "/ #{ELEMENT_NAME} [ #{PREDICATE} ]" case * "/ #{AXIS}::#{ELEMENT_NAME}" case * "#{N}-#{M}" case: One or more white spaces were required before "-" * "/child::node()" case * "#{FUNCTION}()/#{PATH}" case * "@#{ATTRIBUTE}/parent::" case * "name(#{NODE_SET})" case [RSS] [New options] * RSS::Parser.parse: Accept options as Hash. +:validate+ , +:ignore_unknown_element+ , +:parser_class+ options are available. [RubyGems] * Upgrade RubyGems 3.0.0.beta3 [Set] [Aliased methods] * Set#filter! is a new alias for Set#select!. [Feature #13784] [URI] [New constant] * Add URI::File to handle file URI scheme. [Feature #14035] === Compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes) [Dir] * Dir.glob with '\0'-separated pattern list will be deprecated, and is now warned. [Feature #14643] [File] * File.read, File.binread, File.write, File.binwrite, File.foreach, and File.readlines do not invoke external commands even if the path starts with the pipe character '|'. [Feature #14245] [Object] * Object#=~ is deprecated. [Feature #15231] === Stdlib compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes) * These standard libraries have been promoted to default gems. * e2mmap * forwardable * irb * logger * matrix * mutex_m * ostruct * prime * rexml * rss * shell * sync * thwait * tracer [BigDecimal] * The following methods are removed. * BigDecimal.allocate * BigDecimal.new * BigDecimal.ver * Every BigDecimal object is frozen. [Feature #13984] * BigDecimal() parses the given string like Float(). * String#to_d parses the receiver string like String#to_f. [Pathname] * Pathname.read, Pathname.binread, Pathname.write, Pathname.binwrite, Pathname#each_line and Pathname.readlines do not invoke external commands even if the path starts with the pipe character '|'. This follows [Feature #14245]. === C API updates === Implementation improvements * Speedup Proc#call because we don't need to care about $SAFE any more. [Feature #14318] With +lc_fizzbuzz+ benchmark which uses so many Proc#call we can measure x1.4 improvements. [Bug #10212] * Speedup block.call where +block+ is passed block parameter. [Feature #14330] Ruby 2.5 improves block passing performance. [Feature #14045] Additionally, Ruby 2.6 improves the performance of passed block calling. * Introduce an initial implementation of JIT (Just-in-time) compiler. [Feature #14235] [experimental] * --jit command line option is added to enable JIT. --jit-verbose=1 is good for inspection. See ruby --help for others. * To generate machine code, this JIT compiler uses C compiler used for building the interpreter. Currently GCC, Clang, and Microsoft Visual C++ are supported for it. * --disable-mjit-support option is added to configure. This is added for JIT debugging, but if you get an error on building a header file for JIT, you can use this option to skip building it as a workaround. * rb_waitpid reimplemented on Unix-like platforms to maintain compatibility with processes created for JIT [Bug #14867] * VM generator script renewal; makes the generated VM more optimized. [GH-1779] * Thread cache enabled for pthreads platforms (for Thread.new and Thread.start). [Feature #14757] * timer thread is eliminated for platforms with POSIX timers [Misc #14937] * Transient Heap (theap) is supported. [Bug #14858] [Feature #14989] theap is managed heap for short-living memory objects. For example, making small and short-living Hash object is x2 faster. With rdoc benchmark, we measured 6-7% performance improvement. * Native implementations (arm32, arm64, ppc64le, win32, win64, x86, amd64) of coroutines to improve performance of Fiber significantly. [Feature #14739] === Miscellaneous changes * On macOS, shared libraries no longer include a full version number of Ruby in their names. This eliminates the burden of each teeny upgrade on the platform that users need to rebuild every extension library. [Before] * libruby.2.6.0.dylib * libruby.2.6.dylib -> libruby.2.6.0.dylib * libruby.dylib -> libruby.2.6.0.dylib [After] * libruby.2.6.dylib * libruby.dylib -> libruby.2.6.dylib * Extracted misc/*.el files to https://github.com/ruby/elisp