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ruby--ruby/yjit_asm.c
Aaron Patterson 157095b3a4 Mark JIT code as writeable / executable depending on the situation
Some platforms don't want memory to be marked as writeable and
executable at the same time. When we write to the code block, we
calculate the OS page that the buffer position maps to.  Then we call
`mprotect` to allow writes on that particular page.  As an optimization,
we cache the "last written" aligned page which allows us to amortize the
cost of the `mprotect` call.  In other words, sequential writes to the
same page will only call `mprotect` on the page once.

When we're done writing, we call `mprotect` on the entire JIT buffer.
This means we don't need to keep track of which pages were marked as
writeable, we let the OS take care of that.

Co-authored-by: John Hawthorn <john@hawthorn.email>
2021-12-01 12:45:59 -08:00

1815 lines
52 KiB
C

// This file is a fragment of the yjit.o compilation unit. See yjit.c.
//
// Note that the definition for some of these functions don't specify
// static inline, but their declaration in yjit_asm.h do. The resulting
// linkage is the same as if they both specify. The relevant sections in
// N1256 is 6.2.2p4, 6.2.2p5, and 6.7.4p5.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
// For mmapp(), sysconf()
#ifndef _WIN32
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#include "yjit_asm.h"
// Compute the number of bits needed to encode a signed value
uint32_t sig_imm_size(int64_t imm)
{
// Compute the smallest size this immediate fits in
if (imm >= INT8_MIN && imm <= INT8_MAX)
return 8;
if (imm >= INT16_MIN && imm <= INT16_MAX)
return 16;
if (imm >= INT32_MIN && imm <= INT32_MAX)
return 32;
return 64;
}
// Compute the number of bits needed to encode an unsigned value
uint32_t unsig_imm_size(uint64_t imm)
{
// Compute the smallest size this immediate fits in
if (imm <= UINT8_MAX)
return 8;
else if (imm <= UINT16_MAX)
return 16;
else if (imm <= UINT32_MAX)
return 32;
return 64;
}
x86opnd_t mem_opnd(uint32_t num_bits, x86opnd_t base_reg, int32_t disp)
{
bool is_iprel = base_reg.as.reg.reg_type == REG_IP;
x86opnd_t opnd = {
OPND_MEM,
num_bits,
.as.mem = { base_reg.as.reg.reg_no, 0, 0, false, is_iprel, disp }
};
return opnd;
}
x86opnd_t mem_opnd_sib(uint32_t num_bits, x86opnd_t base_reg, x86opnd_t index_reg, int32_t scale, int32_t disp)
{
uint8_t scale_exp;
switch (scale) {
case 8:
scale_exp = 3;
break;
case 4:
scale_exp = 2;
break;
case 2:
scale_exp = 1;
break;
case 1:
scale_exp = 0;
break;
default:
rb_bug("yjit: scale not one of 1,2,4,8");
break;
}
bool is_iprel = base_reg.as.reg.reg_type == REG_IP;
x86opnd_t opnd = {
OPND_MEM,
num_bits,
.as.mem = {
.base_reg_no = base_reg.as.reg.reg_no,
.idx_reg_no = index_reg.as.reg.reg_no,
.has_idx = 1,
.scale_exp = scale_exp,
.is_iprel = is_iprel,
.disp = disp
}
};
return opnd;
}
static x86opnd_t resize_opnd(x86opnd_t opnd, uint32_t num_bits)
{
assert (num_bits % 8 == 0);
x86opnd_t sub = opnd;
sub.num_bits = num_bits;
return sub;
}
x86opnd_t imm_opnd(int64_t imm)
{
x86opnd_t opnd = {
OPND_IMM,
sig_imm_size(imm),
.as.imm = imm
};
return opnd;
}
x86opnd_t const_ptr_opnd(const void *ptr)
{
x86opnd_t opnd = {
OPND_IMM,
64,
.as.unsig_imm = (uint64_t)ptr
};
return opnd;
}
// Align the current write position to a multiple of bytes
static uint8_t *align_ptr(uint8_t *ptr, uint32_t multiple)
{
// Compute the pointer modulo the given alignment boundary
uint32_t rem = ((uint32_t)(uintptr_t)ptr) % multiple;
// If the pointer is already aligned, stop
if (rem == 0)
return ptr;
// Pad the pointer by the necessary amount to align it
uint32_t pad = multiple - rem;
return ptr + pad;
}
// Allocate a block of executable memory
static uint8_t *alloc_exec_mem(uint32_t mem_size)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
uint8_t *mem_block;
// On Linux
#if defined(MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE) && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
// Align the requested address to page size
uint32_t page_size = (uint32_t)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
uint8_t *req_addr = align_ptr((uint8_t*)&alloc_exec_mem, page_size);
do {
// Try to map a chunk of memory as executable
mem_block = (uint8_t*)mmap(
(void*)req_addr,
mem_size,
PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE,
-1,
0
);
// If we succeeded, stop
if (mem_block != MAP_FAILED) {
break;
}
// +4MB
req_addr += 4 * 1024 * 1024;
} while (req_addr < (uint8_t*)&alloc_exec_mem + INT32_MAX);
// On MacOS and other platforms
#else
// Try to map a chunk of memory as executable
mem_block = (uint8_t*)mmap(
(void*)alloc_exec_mem,
mem_size,
PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-1,
0
);
#endif
// Fallback
if (mem_block == MAP_FAILED) {
// Try again without the address hint (e.g., valgrind)
mem_block = (uint8_t*)mmap(
NULL,
mem_size,
PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-1,
0
);
}
// Check that the memory mapping was successful
if (mem_block == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap call failed");
exit(-1);
}
codeblock_t block;
block.current_aligned_write_pos = ALIGNED_WRITE_POSITION_NONE;
block.mem_block = mem_block;
block.mem_size = mem_size;
codeblock_t * cb = &block;
// Fill the executable memory with INT3 (0xCC) so that
// executing uninitialized memory will fault
cb_mark_all_writeable(cb);
memset(mem_block, 0xCC, mem_size);
cb_mark_all_executable(cb);
return mem_block;
#else
// Windows not supported for now
return NULL;
#endif
}
// Initialize a code block object
void cb_init(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *mem_block, uint32_t mem_size)
{
assert (mem_block);
cb->mem_block = mem_block;
cb->mem_size = mem_size;
cb->write_pos = 0;
cb->num_labels = 0;
cb->num_refs = 0;
cb->current_aligned_write_pos = ALIGNED_WRITE_POSITION_NONE;
}
// Align the current write position to a multiple of bytes
void cb_align_pos(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t multiple)
{
// Compute the pointer modulo the given alignment boundary
uint8_t *ptr = &cb->mem_block[cb->write_pos];
uint8_t *aligned_ptr = align_ptr(ptr, multiple);
// Pad the pointer by the necessary amount to align it
ptrdiff_t pad = aligned_ptr - ptr;
cb->write_pos += (int32_t)pad;
}
// Set the current write position
void cb_set_pos(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t pos)
{
assert (pos < cb->mem_size);
cb->write_pos = pos;
}
// Set the current write position from a pointer
void cb_set_write_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *code_ptr)
{
intptr_t pos = code_ptr - cb->mem_block;
assert (pos < cb->mem_size);
cb->write_pos = (uint32_t)pos;
}
// Get a direct pointer into the executable memory block
uint8_t *cb_get_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t index)
{
assert (index < cb->mem_size);
return &cb->mem_block[index];
}
// Get a direct pointer to the current write position
uint8_t *cb_get_write_ptr(codeblock_t *cb)
{
return cb_get_ptr(cb, cb->write_pos);
}
// Write a byte at the current position
void cb_write_byte(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t byte)
{
assert (cb->mem_block);
assert (cb->write_pos + 1 <= cb->mem_size);
cb_mark_position_writeable(cb, cb->write_pos);
cb->mem_block[cb->write_pos++] = byte;
}
// Write multiple bytes starting from the current position
void cb_write_bytes(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t num_bytes, ...)
{
va_list va;
va_start(va, num_bytes);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; ++i)
{
uint8_t byte = va_arg(va, int);
cb_write_byte(cb, byte);
}
va_end(va);
}
// Write a signed integer over a given number of bits at the current position
void cb_write_int(codeblock_t *cb, uint64_t val, uint32_t num_bits)
{
assert (num_bits > 0);
assert (num_bits % 8 == 0);
// Switch on the number of bits
switch (num_bits) {
case 8:
cb_write_byte(cb, (uint8_t)val);
break;
case 16:
cb_write_bytes(
cb,
2,
(uint8_t)((val >> 0) & 0xFF),
(uint8_t)((val >> 8) & 0xFF)
);
break;
case 32:
cb_write_bytes(
cb,
4,
(uint8_t)((val >> 0) & 0xFF),
(uint8_t)((val >> 8) & 0xFF),
(uint8_t)((val >> 16) & 0xFF),
(uint8_t)((val >> 24) & 0xFF)
);
break;
default:
{
// Compute the size in bytes
uint32_t num_bytes = num_bits / 8;
// Write out the bytes
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; ++i)
{
uint8_t byte_val = (uint8_t)(val & 0xFF);
cb_write_byte(cb, byte_val);
val >>= 8;
}
}
}
}
// Allocate a new label with a given name
uint32_t cb_new_label(codeblock_t *cb, const char *name)
{
//if (hasASM)
// writeString(to!string(label) ~ ":");
assert (cb->num_labels < MAX_LABELS);
// Allocate the new label
uint32_t label_idx = cb->num_labels++;
// This label doesn't have an address yet
cb->label_addrs[label_idx] = 0;
cb->label_names[label_idx] = name;
return label_idx;
}
// Write a label at the current address
void cb_write_label(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx)
{
assert (label_idx < MAX_LABELS);
cb->label_addrs[label_idx] = cb->write_pos;
}
// Add a label reference at the current write position
void cb_label_ref(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx)
{
assert (label_idx < MAX_LABELS);
assert (cb->num_refs < MAX_LABEL_REFS);
// Keep track of the reference
cb->label_refs[cb->num_refs] = (labelref_t){ cb->write_pos, label_idx };
cb->num_refs++;
}
// Link internal label references
void cb_link_labels(codeblock_t *cb)
{
uint32_t orig_pos = cb->write_pos;
// For each label reference
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cb->num_refs; ++i)
{
uint32_t ref_pos = cb->label_refs[i].pos;
uint32_t label_idx = cb->label_refs[i].label_idx;
assert (ref_pos < cb->mem_size);
assert (label_idx < MAX_LABELS);
uint32_t label_addr = cb->label_addrs[label_idx];
assert (label_addr < cb->mem_size);
// Compute the offset from the reference's end to the label
int64_t offset = (int64_t)label_addr - (int64_t)(ref_pos + 4);
cb_set_pos(cb, ref_pos);
cb_write_int(cb, offset, 32);
}
cb->write_pos = orig_pos;
// Clear the label positions and references
cb->num_labels = 0;
cb->num_refs = 0;
}
// Check if an operand needs a REX byte to be encoded
static bool rex_needed(x86opnd_t opnd)
{
if (opnd.type == OPND_NONE || opnd.type == OPND_IMM)
{
return false;
}
if (opnd.type == OPND_REG)
{
return (
opnd.as.reg.reg_no > 7 ||
(opnd.num_bits == 8 && opnd.as.reg.reg_no >= 4 && opnd.as.reg.reg_no <= 7)
);
}
if (opnd.type == OPND_MEM)
{
return (opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no > 7) || (opnd.as.mem.has_idx && opnd.as.mem.idx_reg_no > 7);
}
rb_bug("unreachable");
}
// Check if an SIB byte is needed to encode this operand
static bool sib_needed(x86opnd_t opnd)
{
if (opnd.type != OPND_MEM)
return false;
return (
opnd.as.mem.has_idx ||
opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no == RSP.as.reg.reg_no ||
opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no == R12.as.reg.reg_no
);
}
// Compute the size of the displacement field needed for a memory operand
static uint32_t disp_size(x86opnd_t opnd)
{
assert (opnd.type == OPND_MEM);
// If using RIP as the base, use disp32
if (opnd.as.mem.is_iprel)
{
return 32;
}
// Compute the required displacement size
if (opnd.as.mem.disp != 0)
{
uint32_t num_bits = sig_imm_size(opnd.as.mem.disp);
assert (num_bits <= 32 && "displacement does not fit in 32 bits");
// x86 can only encode 8-bit and 32-bit displacements
if (num_bits == 16)
num_bits = 32;;
return num_bits;
}
// If EBP or RBP or R13 is used as the base, displacement must be encoded
if (opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no == RBP.as.reg.reg_no ||
opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no == R13.as.reg.reg_no)
{
return 8;
}
return 0;
}
// Write the REX byte
static void cb_write_rex(
codeblock_t *cb,
bool w_flag,
uint8_t reg_no,
uint8_t idx_reg_no,
uint8_t rm_reg_no
)
{
// 0 1 0 0 w r x b
// w - 64-bit operand size flag
// r - MODRM.reg extension
// x - SIB.index extension
// b - MODRM.rm or SIB.base extension
uint8_t w = w_flag? 1:0;
uint8_t r = (reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
uint8_t x = (idx_reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
uint8_t b = (rm_reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
// Encode and write the REX byte
uint8_t rexByte = 0x40 + (w << 3) + (r << 2) + (x << 1) + (b);
cb_write_byte(cb, rexByte);
}
// Write an opcode byte with an embedded register operand
static void cb_write_opcode(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t opcode, x86opnd_t reg)
{
// Write the reg field into the opcode byte
uint8_t op_byte = opcode | (reg.as.reg.reg_no & 7);
cb_write_byte(cb, op_byte);
}
// Encode an RM instruction
static void cb_write_rm(
codeblock_t *cb,
bool szPref,
bool rexW,
x86opnd_t r_opnd,
x86opnd_t rm_opnd,
uint8_t opExt,
uint32_t op_len,
...)
{
assert (op_len > 0 && op_len <= 3);
assert (r_opnd.type == OPND_REG || r_opnd.type == OPND_NONE);
// Flag to indicate the REX prefix is needed
bool need_rex = rexW || rex_needed(r_opnd) || rex_needed(rm_opnd);
// Flag to indicate SIB byte is needed
bool need_sib = sib_needed(r_opnd) || sib_needed(rm_opnd);
// Add the operand-size prefix, if needed
if (szPref == true)
cb_write_byte(cb, 0x66);
// Add the REX prefix, if needed
if (need_rex)
{
// 0 1 0 0 w r x b
// w - 64-bit operand size flag
// r - MODRM.reg extension
// x - SIB.index extension
// b - MODRM.rm or SIB.base extension
uint8_t w = rexW? 1:0;
uint8_t r;
if (r_opnd.type != OPND_NONE)
r = (r_opnd.as.reg.reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
else
r = 0;
uint8_t x;
if (need_sib && rm_opnd.as.mem.has_idx)
x = (rm_opnd.as.mem.idx_reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
else
x = 0;
uint8_t b;
if (rm_opnd.type == OPND_REG)
b = (rm_opnd.as.reg.reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
else if (rm_opnd.type == OPND_MEM)
b = (rm_opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no & 8)? 1:0;
else
b = 0;
// Encode and write the REX byte
uint8_t rex_byte = 0x40 + (w << 3) + (r << 2) + (x << 1) + (b);
cb_write_byte(cb, rex_byte);
}
// Write the opcode bytes to the code block
va_list va;
va_start(va, op_len);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < op_len; ++i)
{
uint8_t byte = va_arg(va, int);
cb_write_byte(cb, byte);
}
va_end(va);
// MODRM.mod (2 bits)
// MODRM.reg (3 bits)
// MODRM.rm (3 bits)
assert (
!(opExt != 0xFF && r_opnd.type != OPND_NONE) &&
"opcode extension and register operand present"
);
// Encode the mod field
uint8_t mod;
if (rm_opnd.type == OPND_REG)
{
mod = 3;
}
else
{
uint32_t dsize = disp_size(rm_opnd);
if (dsize == 0 || rm_opnd.as.mem.is_iprel)
mod = 0;
else if (dsize == 8)
mod = 1;
else if (dsize == 32)
mod = 2;
else
rb_bug("unreachable");
}
// Encode the reg field
uint8_t reg;
if (opExt != 0xFF)
reg = opExt;
else if (r_opnd.type == OPND_REG)
reg = r_opnd.as.reg.reg_no & 7;
else
reg = 0;
// Encode the rm field
uint8_t rm;
if (rm_opnd.type == OPND_REG)
{
rm = rm_opnd.as.reg.reg_no & 7;
}
else
{
if (need_sib)
rm = 4;
else
rm = rm_opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no & 7;
}
// Encode and write the ModR/M byte
uint8_t rm_byte = (mod << 6) + (reg << 3) + (rm);
cb_write_byte(cb, rm_byte);
// Add the SIB byte, if needed
if (need_sib)
{
// SIB.scale (2 bits)
// SIB.index (3 bits)
// SIB.base (3 bits)
assert (rm_opnd.type == OPND_MEM);
// Encode the scale value
uint8_t scale = rm_opnd.as.mem.scale_exp;
// Encode the index value
uint8_t index;
if (!rm_opnd.as.mem.has_idx)
index = 4;
else
index = rm_opnd.as.mem.idx_reg_no & 7;
// Encode the base register
uint8_t base = rm_opnd.as.mem.base_reg_no & 7;
// Encode and write the SIB byte
uint8_t sib_byte = (scale << 6) + (index << 3) + (base);
cb_write_byte(cb, sib_byte);
}
// Add the displacement
if (rm_opnd.type == OPND_MEM)
{
uint32_t dsize = disp_size(rm_opnd);
if (dsize > 0)
cb_write_int(cb, rm_opnd.as.mem.disp, dsize);
}
}
// Encode a mul-like single-operand RM instruction
static void write_rm_unary(
codeblock_t *cb,
const char *mnem,
uint8_t opMemReg8,
uint8_t opMemRegPref,
uint8_t opExt,
x86opnd_t opnd)
{
// Write a disassembly string
//cb.writeASM(mnem, opnd);
// Check the size of opnd0
uint32_t opndSize;
if (opnd.type == OPND_REG || opnd.type == OPND_MEM)
opndSize = opnd.num_bits;
else
rb_bug("yjit: invalid operand");
assert (opndSize == 8 || opndSize == 16 || opndSize == 32 || opndSize == 64);
bool szPref = opndSize == 16;
bool rexW = opndSize == 64;
if (opndSize == 8)
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, opnd, opExt, 1, opMemReg8);
else
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, NO_OPND, opnd, opExt, 1, opMemRegPref);
}
// Encode an add-like RM instruction with multiple possible encodings
static void cb_write_rm_multi(
codeblock_t *cb,
const char *mnem,
uint8_t opMemReg8,
uint8_t opMemRegPref,
uint8_t opRegMem8,
uint8_t opRegMemPref,
uint8_t opMemImm8,
uint8_t opMemImmSml,
uint8_t opMemImmLrg,
uint8_t opExtImm,
x86opnd_t opnd0,
x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
assert (opnd0.type == OPND_REG || opnd0.type == OPND_MEM);
/*
// Write disassembly string
if (!opnd1.isNone)
cb.writeASM(mnem, opnd0, opnd1);
else
cb.writeASM(mnem, opnd0);
*/
// Check the size of opnd0
uint32_t opndSize = opnd0.num_bits;
// Check the size of opnd1
if (opnd1.type == OPND_REG || opnd1.type == OPND_MEM)
{
assert (opnd1.num_bits == opndSize && "operand size mismatch");
}
else if (opnd1.type == OPND_IMM)
{
assert (opnd1.num_bits <= opndSize);
}
assert (opndSize == 8 || opndSize == 16 || opndSize == 32 || opndSize == 64);
bool szPref = opndSize == 16;
bool rexW = opndSize == 64;
// R/M + Reg
if ((opnd0.type == OPND_MEM && opnd1.type == OPND_REG) ||
(opnd0.type == OPND_REG && opnd1.type == OPND_REG))
{
// R/M is opnd0
if (opndSize == 8)
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, opnd1, opnd0, 0xFF, 1, opMemReg8);
else
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, opnd1, opnd0, 0xFF, 1, opMemRegPref);
}
// Reg + R/M
else if (opnd0.type == OPND_REG && opnd1.type == OPND_MEM)
{
// R/M is opnd1
if (opndSize == 8)
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, opnd0, opnd1, 0xFF, 1, opRegMem8);
else
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, opnd0, opnd1, 0xFF, 1, opRegMemPref);
}
// R/M + Imm
else if (opnd1.type == OPND_IMM)
{
// 8-bit immediate
if (opnd1.num_bits <= 8)
{
if (opndSize == 8)
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, opnd0, opExtImm, 1, opMemImm8);
else
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, NO_OPND, opnd0, opExtImm, 1, opMemImmSml);
cb_write_int(cb, opnd1.as.imm, 8);
}
// 32-bit immediate
else if (opnd1.num_bits <= 32)
{
assert (opnd1.num_bits <= opndSize && "immediate too large for dst");
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, NO_OPND, opnd0, opExtImm, 1, opMemImmLrg);
cb_write_int(cb, opnd1.as.imm, (opndSize > 32)? 32:opndSize);
}
// Immediate too large
else
{
assert (false && "immediate value too large");
}
}
// Invalid operands
else
{
assert (false && "invalid operand combination");
}
}
// Encode a single-operand shift instruction
static void cb_write_shift(
codeblock_t *cb,
const char *mnem,
uint8_t opMemOnePref,
uint8_t opMemClPref,
uint8_t opMemImmPref,
uint8_t opExt,
x86opnd_t opnd0,
x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
// Write a disassembly string
//cb.writeASM(mnem, opnd0, opnd1);
// Check the size of opnd0
uint32_t opndSize;
if (opnd0.type == OPND_REG || opnd0.type == OPND_MEM)
opndSize = opnd0.num_bits;
else
rb_bug("yjit: shift: invalid first operand");
assert (opndSize == 16 || opndSize == 32 || opndSize == 64);
bool szPref = opndSize == 16;
bool rexW = opndSize == 64;
if (opnd1.type == OPND_IMM)
{
if (opnd1.as.imm == 1)
{
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, NO_OPND, opnd0, opExt, 1, opMemOnePref);
}
else
{
assert (opnd1.num_bits <= 8);
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, NO_OPND, opnd0, opExt, 1, opMemImmPref);
cb_write_byte(cb, (uint8_t)opnd1.as.imm);
}
}
/*
else if (opnd1.isReg && opnd1.reg == CL)
{
cb.writeRMInstr!('l', opExt, opMemClPref)(szPref, rexW, opnd0, X86Opnd.NONE);
}
*/
else
{
assert (false);
}
}
// Encode a relative jump to a label (direct or conditional)
// Note: this always encodes a 32-bit offset
static void cb_write_jcc(codeblock_t *cb, const char *mnem, uint8_t op0, uint8_t op1, uint32_t label_idx)
{
//cb.writeASM(mnem, label);
// Write the opcode
if (op0 != 0xFF)
cb_write_byte(cb, op0);
cb_write_byte(cb, op1);
// Add a reference to the label
cb_label_ref(cb, label_idx);
// Relative 32-bit offset to be patched
cb_write_int(cb, 0, 32);
}
// Encode a relative jump to a pointer at a 32-bit offset (direct or conditional)
static void cb_write_jcc_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, const char *mnem, uint8_t op0, uint8_t op1, uint8_t *dst_ptr)
{
//cb.writeASM(mnem, label);
// Write the opcode
if (op0 != 0xFF)
cb_write_byte(cb, op0);
cb_write_byte(cb, op1);
// Pointer to the end of this jump instruction
uint8_t *end_ptr = &cb->mem_block[cb->write_pos] + 4;
// Compute the jump offset
int64_t rel64 = (int64_t)(dst_ptr - end_ptr);
assert (rel64 >= INT32_MIN && rel64 <= INT32_MAX);
// Write the relative 32-bit jump offset
cb_write_int(cb, (int32_t)rel64, 32);
}
// Encode a conditional move instruction
static void cb_write_cmov(codeblock_t *cb, const char *mnem, uint8_t opcode1, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src)
{
//cb.writeASM(mnem, dst, src);
assert (dst.type == OPND_REG);
assert (src.type == OPND_REG || src.type == OPND_MEM);
assert (dst.num_bits >= 16 && "invalid dst reg size in cmov");
bool szPref = dst.num_bits == 16;
bool rexW = dst.num_bits == 64;
cb_write_rm(cb, szPref, rexW, dst, src, 0xFF, 2, 0x0F, opcode1);
}
// add - Integer addition
void add(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"add",
0x00, // opMemReg8
0x01, // opMemRegPref
0x02, // opRegMem8
0x03, // opRegMemPref
0x80, // opMemImm8
0x83, // opMemImmSml
0x81, // opMemImmLrg
0x00, // opExtImm
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// and - Bitwise AND
void and(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"and",
0x20, // opMemReg8
0x21, // opMemRegPref
0x22, // opRegMem8
0x23, // opRegMemPref
0x80, // opMemImm8
0x83, // opMemImmSml
0x81, // opMemImmLrg
0x04, // opExtImm
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
// call - Call to a pointer with a 32-bit displacement offset
static void call_rel32(codeblock_t *cb, int32_t rel32)
{
//cb.writeASM("call", rel32);
// Write the opcode
cb_write_byte(cb, 0xE8);
// Write the relative 32-bit jump offset
cb_write_int(cb, (int32_t)rel32, 32);
}
// call - Call a pointer, encode with a 32-bit offset if possible
void call_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t scratch_reg, uint8_t *dst_ptr)
{
assert (scratch_reg.type == OPND_REG);
// Pointer to the end of this call instruction
uint8_t *end_ptr = &cb->mem_block[cb->write_pos] + 5;
// Compute the jump offset
int64_t rel64 = (int64_t)(dst_ptr - end_ptr);
// If the offset fits in 32-bit
if (rel64 >= INT32_MIN && rel64 <= INT32_MAX)
{
call_rel32(cb, (int32_t)rel64);
return;
}
// Move the pointer into the scratch register and call
mov(cb, scratch_reg, const_ptr_opnd(dst_ptr));
call(cb, scratch_reg);
}
/// call - Call to label with 32-bit offset
void call_label(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx)
{
//cb.writeASM("call", label);
// Write the opcode
cb_write_byte(cb, 0xE8);
// Add a reference to the label
cb_label_ref(cb, label_idx);
// Relative 32-bit offset to be patched
cb_write_int(cb, 0, 32);
}
/// call - Indirect call with an R/M operand
void call(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd)
{
//cb.writeASM("call", opnd);
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, opnd, 2, 1, 0xFF);
}
/// cmovcc - Conditional move
void cmova(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmova", 0x47, dst, src); }
void cmovae(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovae", 0x43, dst, src); }
void cmovb(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovb", 0x42, dst, src); }
void cmovbe(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovbe", 0x46, dst, src); }
void cmovc(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovc", 0x42, dst, src); }
void cmove(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmove", 0x44, dst, src); }
void cmovg(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovg", 0x4F, dst, src); }
void cmovge(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovge", 0x4D, dst, src); }
void cmovl(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovl", 0x4C, dst, src); }
void cmovle(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovle", 0x4E, dst, src); }
void cmovna(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovna", 0x46, dst, src); }
void cmovnae(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnae", 0x42, dst, src); }
void cmovnb(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnb", 0x43, dst, src); }
void cmovnbe(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnbe", 0x47, dst, src); }
void cmovnc(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnc", 0x43, dst, src); }
void cmovne(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovne", 0x45, dst, src); }
void cmovng(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovng", 0x4E, dst, src); }
void cmovnge(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnge", 0x4C, dst, src); }
void cmovnl(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnl" , 0x4D, dst, src); }
void cmovnle(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnle", 0x4F, dst, src); }
void cmovno(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovno", 0x41, dst, src); }
void cmovnp(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnp", 0x4B, dst, src); }
void cmovns(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovns", 0x49, dst, src); }
void cmovnz(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovnz", 0x45, dst, src); }
void cmovo(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovo", 0x40, dst, src); }
void cmovp(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovp", 0x4A, dst, src); }
void cmovpe(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovpe", 0x4A, dst, src); }
void cmovpo(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovpo", 0x4B, dst, src); }
void cmovs(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovs", 0x48, dst, src); }
void cmovz(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src) { cb_write_cmov(cb, "cmovz", 0x44, dst, src); }
/// cmp - Compare and set flags
void cmp(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"cmp",
0x38, // opMemReg8
0x39, // opMemRegPref
0x3A, // opRegMem8
0x3B, // opRegMemPref
0x80, // opMemImm8
0x83, // opMemImmSml
0x81, // opMemImmLrg
0x07, // opExtImm
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// cdq - Convert doubleword to quadword
void cdq(codeblock_t *cb)
{
//cb.writeASM("cdq");
cb_write_byte(cb, 0x99);
}
/// cqo - Convert quadword to octaword
void cqo(codeblock_t *cb)
{
//cb.writeASM("cqo");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 2, 0x48, 0x99);
}
/// Interrupt 3 - trap to debugger
void int3(codeblock_t *cb)
{
//cb.writeASM("INT 3");
cb_write_byte(cb, 0xCC);
}
/*
// div - Unsigned integer division
alias div = writeRMUnary!(
"div",
0xF6, // opMemReg8
0xF7, // opMemRegPref
0x06 // opExt
);
*/
/*
/// divsd - Divide scalar double
alias divsd = writeXMM64!(
"divsd",
0xF2, // prefix
0x0F, // opRegMem0
0x5E // opRegMem1
);
*/
/*
// idiv - Signed integer division
alias idiv = writeRMUnary!(
"idiv",
0xF6, // opMemReg8
0xF7, // opMemRegPref
0x07 // opExt
);
*/
/*
/// imul - Signed integer multiplication with two operands
void imul(CodeBlock cb, X86Opnd opnd0, X86Opnd opnd1)
{
cb.writeASM("imul", opnd0, opnd1);
assert (opnd0.isReg, "invalid first operand");
auto opndSize = opnd0.reg.size;
// Check the size of opnd1
if (opnd1.isReg)
assert (opnd1.reg.size is opndSize, "operand size mismatch");
else if (opnd1.isMem)
assert (opnd1.mem.size is opndSize, "operand size mismatch");
assert (opndSize is 16 || opndSize is 32 || opndSize is 64);
auto szPref = opndSize is 16;
auto rexW = opndSize is 64;
cb.writeRMInstr!('r', 0xFF, 0x0F, 0xAF)(szPref, rexW, opnd0, opnd1);
}
*/
/*
/// imul - Signed integer multiplication with three operands (one immediate)
void imul(CodeBlock cb, X86Opnd opnd0, X86Opnd opnd1, X86Opnd opnd2)
{
cb.writeASM("imul", opnd0, opnd1, opnd2);
assert (opnd0.isReg, "invalid first operand");
auto opndSize = opnd0.reg.size;
// Check the size of opnd1
if (opnd1.isReg)
assert (opnd1.reg.size is opndSize, "operand size mismatch");
else if (opnd1.isMem)
assert (opnd1.mem.size is opndSize, "operand size mismatch");
assert (opndSize is 16 || opndSize is 32 || opndSize is 64);
auto szPref = opndSize is 16;
auto rexW = opndSize is 64;
assert (opnd2.isImm, "invalid third operand");
auto imm = opnd2.imm;
// 8-bit immediate
if (imm.immSize <= 8)
{
cb.writeRMInstr!('r', 0xFF, 0x6B)(szPref, rexW, opnd0, opnd1);
cb.writeInt(imm.imm, 8);
}
// 32-bit immediate
else if (imm.immSize <= 32)
{
assert (imm.immSize <= opndSize, "immediate too large for dst");
cb.writeRMInstr!('r', 0xFF, 0x69)(szPref, rexW, opnd0, opnd1);
cb.writeInt(imm.imm, min(opndSize, 32));
}
// Immediate too large
else
{
assert (false, "immediate value too large");
}
}
*/
/// jcc - relative jumps to a label
void ja_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "ja" , 0x0F, 0x87, label_idx); }
void jae_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jae" , 0x0F, 0x83, label_idx); }
void jb_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jb" , 0x0F, 0x82, label_idx); }
void jbe_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jbe" , 0x0F, 0x86, label_idx); }
void jc_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jc" , 0x0F, 0x82, label_idx); }
void je_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "je" , 0x0F, 0x84, label_idx); }
void jg_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jg" , 0x0F, 0x8F, label_idx); }
void jge_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jge" , 0x0F, 0x8D, label_idx); }
void jl_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jl" , 0x0F, 0x8C, label_idx); }
void jle_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jle" , 0x0F, 0x8E, label_idx); }
void jna_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jna" , 0x0F, 0x86, label_idx); }
void jnae_label(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnae", 0x0F, 0x82, label_idx); }
void jnb_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnb" , 0x0F, 0x83, label_idx); }
void jnbe_label(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnbe", 0x0F, 0x87, label_idx); }
void jnc_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnc" , 0x0F, 0x83, label_idx); }
void jne_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jne" , 0x0F, 0x85, label_idx); }
void jng_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jng" , 0x0F, 0x8E, label_idx); }
void jnge_label(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnge", 0x0F, 0x8C, label_idx); }
void jnl_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnl" , 0x0F, 0x8D, label_idx); }
void jnle_label(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnle", 0x0F, 0x8F, label_idx); }
void jno_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jno" , 0x0F, 0x81, label_idx); }
void jnp_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnp" , 0x0F, 0x8b, label_idx); }
void jns_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jns" , 0x0F, 0x89, label_idx); }
void jnz_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jnz" , 0x0F, 0x85, label_idx); }
void jo_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jo" , 0x0F, 0x80, label_idx); }
void jp_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jp" , 0x0F, 0x8A, label_idx); }
void jpe_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jpe" , 0x0F, 0x8A, label_idx); }
void jpo_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jpo" , 0x0F, 0x8B, label_idx); }
void js_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "js" , 0x0F, 0x88, label_idx); }
void jz_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jz" , 0x0F, 0x84, label_idx); }
void jmp_label (codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t label_idx) { cb_write_jcc(cb, "jmp" , 0xFF, 0xE9, label_idx); }
/// jcc - relative jumps to a pointer (32-bit offset)
void ja_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "ja" , 0x0F, 0x87, ptr); }
void jae_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jae" , 0x0F, 0x83, ptr); }
void jb_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jb" , 0x0F, 0x82, ptr); }
void jbe_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jbe" , 0x0F, 0x86, ptr); }
void jc_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jc" , 0x0F, 0x82, ptr); }
void je_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "je" , 0x0F, 0x84, ptr); }
void jg_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jg" , 0x0F, 0x8F, ptr); }
void jge_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jge" , 0x0F, 0x8D, ptr); }
void jl_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jl" , 0x0F, 0x8C, ptr); }
void jle_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jle" , 0x0F, 0x8E, ptr); }
void jna_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jna" , 0x0F, 0x86, ptr); }
void jnae_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnae", 0x0F, 0x82, ptr); }
void jnb_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnb" , 0x0F, 0x83, ptr); }
void jnbe_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnbe", 0x0F, 0x87, ptr); }
void jnc_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnc" , 0x0F, 0x83, ptr); }
void jne_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jne" , 0x0F, 0x85, ptr); }
void jng_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jng" , 0x0F, 0x8E, ptr); }
void jnge_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnge", 0x0F, 0x8C, ptr); }
void jnl_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnl" , 0x0F, 0x8D, ptr); }
void jnle_ptr(codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnle", 0x0F, 0x8F, ptr); }
void jno_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jno" , 0x0F, 0x81, ptr); }
void jnp_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnp" , 0x0F, 0x8b, ptr); }
void jns_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jns" , 0x0F, 0x89, ptr); }
void jnz_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jnz" , 0x0F, 0x85, ptr); }
void jo_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jo" , 0x0F, 0x80, ptr); }
void jp_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jp" , 0x0F, 0x8A, ptr); }
void jpe_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jpe" , 0x0F, 0x8A, ptr); }
void jpo_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jpo" , 0x0F, 0x8B, ptr); }
void js_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "js" , 0x0F, 0x88, ptr); }
void jz_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jz" , 0x0F, 0x84, ptr); }
void jmp_ptr (codeblock_t *cb, uint8_t *ptr) { cb_write_jcc_ptr(cb, "jmp" , 0xFF, 0xE9, ptr); }
/// jmp - Indirect jump near to an R/M operand
void jmp_rm(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd)
{
//cb.writeASM("jmp", opnd);
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, opnd, 4, 1, 0xFF);
}
// jmp - Jump with relative 32-bit offset
void jmp32(codeblock_t *cb, int32_t offset)
{
//cb.writeASM("jmp", ((offset > 0)? "+":"-") ~ to!string(offset));
cb_write_byte(cb, 0xE9);
cb_write_int(cb, offset, 32);
}
/// lea - Load Effective Address
void lea(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src)
{
//cb.writeASM("lea", dst, src);
assert (dst.num_bits == 64);
cb_write_rm(cb, false, true, dst, src, 0xFF, 1, 0x8D);
}
// Does this number fit in 32 bits and stays the same if you zero extend it to 64 bit?
// If the sign bit is clear, sign extension and zero extension yield the same
// result.
static bool
zero_extendable_32bit(uint64_t number)
{
return number <= UINT32_MAX && (number & (1ull << 31ull)) == 0;
}
/// mov - Data move operation
void mov(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src)
{
// R/M + Imm
if (src.type == OPND_IMM)
{
//cb.writeASM("mov", dst, src);
// R + Imm
if (dst.type == OPND_REG)
{
assert (
src.num_bits <= dst.num_bits ||
unsig_imm_size(src.as.imm) <= dst.num_bits
);
// In case the source immediate could be zero extended to be 64
// bit, we can use the 32-bit operands version of the instruction.
// For example, we can turn mov(rax, 0x34) into the equivalent
// mov(eax, 0x34).
if (dst.num_bits == 64 && zero_extendable_32bit(src.as.unsig_imm)) {
if (rex_needed(dst))
cb_write_rex(cb, false, 0, 0, dst.as.reg.reg_no);
cb_write_opcode(cb, 0xB8, dst);
cb_write_int(cb, src.as.imm, 32);
}
else {
if (dst.num_bits == 16)
cb_write_byte(cb, 0x66);
if (rex_needed(dst) || dst.num_bits == 64)
cb_write_rex(cb, dst.num_bits == 64, 0, 0, dst.as.reg.reg_no);
cb_write_opcode(cb, (dst.num_bits == 8)? 0xB0:0xB8, dst);
cb_write_int(cb, src.as.imm, dst.num_bits);
}
}
// M + Imm
else if (dst.type == OPND_MEM)
{
assert (src.num_bits <= dst.num_bits);
if (dst.num_bits == 8)
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, dst, 0xFF, 1, 0xC6);
else
cb_write_rm(cb, dst.num_bits == 16, dst.num_bits == 64, NO_OPND, dst, 0, 1, 0xC7);
cb_write_int(cb, src.as.imm, (dst.num_bits > 32)? 32:dst.num_bits);
}
else
{
assert (false);
}
}
else
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"mov",
0x88, // opMemReg8
0x89, // opMemRegPref
0x8A, // opRegMem8
0x8B, // opRegMemPref
0xC6, // opMemImm8
0xFF, // opMemImmSml (not available)
0xFF, // opMemImmLrg
0xFF, // opExtImm
dst,
src
);
}
}
/// movsx - Move with sign extension (signed integers)
void movsx(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src)
{
assert (dst.type == OPND_REG);
assert (src.type == OPND_REG || src.type == OPND_MEM);
assert (src.num_bits < dst.num_bits);
//cb.writeASM("movsx", dst, src);
if (src.num_bits == 8)
{
cb_write_rm(cb, dst.num_bits == 16, dst.num_bits == 64, dst, src, 0xFF, 2, 0x0F, 0xBE);
}
else if (src.num_bits == 16)
{
cb_write_rm(cb, dst.num_bits == 16, dst.num_bits == 64, dst, src, 0xFF, 2, 0x0F, 0xBF);
}
else if (src.num_bits == 32)
{
cb_write_rm(cb, false, true, dst, src, 0xFF, 1, 0x63);
}
else
{
assert (false);
}
}
/*
/// movzx - Move with zero extension (unsigned values)
void movzx(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t dst, x86opnd_t src)
{
cb.writeASM("movzx", dst, src);
uint32_t dstSize;
if (dst.isReg)
dstSize = dst.reg.size;
else
assert (false, "movzx dst must be a register");
uint32_t srcSize;
if (src.isReg)
srcSize = src.reg.size;
else if (src.isMem)
srcSize = src.mem.size;
else
assert (false);
assert (
srcSize < dstSize,
"movzx: srcSize >= dstSize"
);
if (srcSize is 8)
{
cb.writeRMInstr!('r', 0xFF, 0x0F, 0xB6)(dstSize is 16, dstSize is 64, dst, src);
}
else if (srcSize is 16)
{
cb.writeRMInstr!('r', 0xFF, 0x0F, 0xB7)(dstSize is 16, dstSize is 64, dst, src);
}
else
{
assert (false, "invalid src operand size for movxz");
}
}
*/
// neg - Integer negation (multiplication by -1)
void neg(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd)
{
write_rm_unary(
cb,
"neg",
0xF6, // opMemReg8
0xF7, // opMemRegPref
0x03, // opExt
opnd
);
}
// nop - Noop, one or multiple bytes long
void nop(codeblock_t *cb, uint32_t length)
{
switch (length) {
case 0:
break;
case 1:
//cb.writeASM("nop1");
cb_write_byte(cb, 0x90);
break;
case 2:
//cb.writeASM("nop2");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 2, 0x66,0x90);
break;
case 3:
//cb.writeASM("nop3");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 3, 0x0F,0x1F,0x00);
break;
case 4:
//cb.writeASM("nop4");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 4, 0x0F,0x1F,0x40,0x00);
break;
case 5:
//cb.writeASM("nop5");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 5, 0x0F,0x1F,0x44,0x00,0x00);
break;
case 6:
//cb.writeASM("nop6");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 6, 0x66,0x0F,0x1F,0x44,0x00,0x00);
break;
case 7:
//cb.writeASM("nop7");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 7, 0x0F,0x1F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00);
break;
case 8:
//cb.writeASM("nop8");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 8, 0x0F,0x1F,0x84,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00);
break;
case 9:
//cb.writeASM("nop9");
cb_write_bytes(cb, 9, 0x66,0x0F,0x1F,0x84,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00);
break;
default:
{
uint32_t written = 0;
while (written + 9 <= length)
{
nop(cb, 9);
written += 9;
}
nop(cb, length - written);
}
break;
}
}
// not - Bitwise NOT
void not(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd)
{
write_rm_unary(
cb,
"not",
0xF6, // opMemReg8
0xF7, // opMemRegPref
0x02, // opExt
opnd
);
}
/// or - Bitwise OR
void or(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"or",
0x08, // opMemReg8
0x09, // opMemRegPref
0x0A, // opRegMem8
0x0B, // opRegMemPref
0x80, // opMemImm8
0x83, // opMemImmSml
0x81, // opMemImmLrg
0x01, // opExtImm
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// pop - Pop a register off the stack
void pop(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd)
{
assert (opnd.num_bits == 64);
//cb.writeASM("pop", opnd);
if (opnd.type == OPND_REG) {
if (rex_needed(opnd))
cb_write_rex(cb, false, 0, 0, opnd.as.reg.reg_no);
cb_write_opcode(cb, 0x58, opnd);
}
else if (opnd.type == OPND_MEM) {
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, opnd, 0, 1, 0x8F);
}
else {
assert(false && "unexpected operand type");
}
}
/// popfq - Pop the flags register (64-bit)
void popfq(codeblock_t *cb)
{
//cb.writeASM("popfq");
// REX.W + 0x9D
cb_write_bytes(cb, 2, 0x48, 0x9D);
}
/// push - Push an operand on the stack
void push(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd)
{
assert (opnd.num_bits == 64);
//cb.writeASM("push", opnd);
if (opnd.type == OPND_REG) {
if (rex_needed(opnd))
cb_write_rex(cb, false, 0, 0, opnd.as.reg.reg_no);
cb_write_opcode(cb, 0x50, opnd);
}
else if (opnd.type == OPND_MEM) {
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, opnd, 6, 1, 0xFF);
}
else {
assert(false && "unexpected operand type");
}
}
/// pushfq - Push the flags register (64-bit)
void pushfq(codeblock_t *cb)
{
//cb.writeASM("pushfq");
cb_write_byte(cb, 0x9C);
}
/// ret - Return from call, popping only the return address
void ret(codeblock_t *cb)
{
//cb.writeASM("ret");
cb_write_byte(cb, 0xC3);
}
// sal - Shift arithmetic left
void sal(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_shift(
cb,
"sal",
0xD1, // opMemOnePref,
0xD3, // opMemClPref,
0xC1, // opMemImmPref,
0x04,
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// sar - Shift arithmetic right (signed)
void sar(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_shift(
cb,
"sar",
0xD1, // opMemOnePref,
0xD3, // opMemClPref,
0xC1, // opMemImmPref,
0x07,
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
// shl - Shift logical left
void shl(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_shift(
cb,
"shl",
0xD1, // opMemOnePref,
0xD3, // opMemClPref,
0xC1, // opMemImmPref,
0x04,
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// shr - Shift logical right (unsigned)
void shr(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_shift(
cb,
"shr",
0xD1, // opMemOnePref,
0xD3, // opMemClPref,
0xC1, // opMemImmPref,
0x05,
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// sub - Integer subtraction
void sub(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"sub",
0x28, // opMemReg8
0x29, // opMemRegPref
0x2A, // opRegMem8
0x2B, // opRegMemPref
0x80, // opMemImm8
0x83, // opMemImmSml
0x81, // opMemImmLrg
0x05, // opExtImm
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
/// test - Logical Compare
void test(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t rm_opnd, x86opnd_t test_opnd)
{
assert (rm_opnd.type == OPND_REG || rm_opnd.type == OPND_MEM);
assert (test_opnd.type == OPND_REG || test_opnd.type == OPND_IMM);
// If the second operand is an immediate
if (test_opnd.type == OPND_IMM)
{
x86opnd_t imm_opnd = test_opnd;
if (imm_opnd.as.imm >= 0)
{
assert (unsig_imm_size(imm_opnd.as.unsig_imm) <= 32);
assert (unsig_imm_size(imm_opnd.as.unsig_imm) <= rm_opnd.num_bits);
// Use the smallest operand size possible
rm_opnd = resize_opnd(rm_opnd, unsig_imm_size(imm_opnd.as.unsig_imm));
if (rm_opnd.num_bits == 8)
{
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, NO_OPND, rm_opnd, 0x00, 1, 0xF6);
cb_write_int(cb, imm_opnd.as.imm, rm_opnd.num_bits);
}
else
{
cb_write_rm(cb, rm_opnd.num_bits == 16, false, NO_OPND, rm_opnd, 0x00, 1, 0xF7);
cb_write_int(cb, imm_opnd.as.imm, rm_opnd.num_bits);
}
}
else
{
// This mode only applies to 64-bit R/M operands with 32-bit signed immediates
assert (imm_opnd.as.imm < 0);
assert (sig_imm_size(imm_opnd.as.imm) <= 32);
assert (rm_opnd.num_bits == 64);
cb_write_rm(cb, false, true, NO_OPND, rm_opnd, 0x00, 1, 0xF7);
cb_write_int(cb, imm_opnd.as.imm, 32);
}
}
else
{
assert (test_opnd.num_bits == rm_opnd.num_bits);
if (rm_opnd.num_bits == 8)
{
cb_write_rm(cb, false, false, test_opnd, rm_opnd, 0xFF, 1, 0x84);
}
else
{
cb_write_rm(cb, rm_opnd.num_bits == 16, rm_opnd.num_bits == 64, test_opnd, rm_opnd, 0xFF, 1, 0x85);
}
}
}
/// Undefined opcode
void ud2(codeblock_t *cb)
{
cb_write_bytes(cb, 2, 0x0F, 0x0B);
}
/// xchg - Exchange Register/Memory with Register
void xchg(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t rm_opnd, x86opnd_t r_opnd)
{
assert (rm_opnd.num_bits == 64);
assert (r_opnd.num_bits == 64);
assert (rm_opnd.type == OPND_REG);
assert (r_opnd.type == OPND_REG);
// If we're exchanging with RAX
if (rm_opnd.type == OPND_REG && rm_opnd.as.reg.reg_no == RAX.as.reg.reg_no)
{
// Write the REX byte
cb_write_rex(cb, rm_opnd.num_bits == 64, 0, 0, r_opnd.as.reg.reg_no);
// Write the opcode and register number
cb_write_byte(cb, 0x90 + (r_opnd.as.reg.reg_no & 7));
}
else
{
cb_write_rm(cb, rm_opnd.num_bits == 16, rm_opnd.num_bits == 64, r_opnd, rm_opnd, 0xFF, 1, 0x87);
}
}
/// xor - Exclusive bitwise OR
void xor(codeblock_t *cb, x86opnd_t opnd0, x86opnd_t opnd1)
{
cb_write_rm_multi(
cb,
"xor",
0x30, // opMemReg8
0x31, // opMemRegPref
0x32, // opRegMem8
0x33, // opRegMemPref
0x80, // opMemImm8
0x83, // opMemImmSml
0x81, // opMemImmLrg
0x06, // opExtImm
opnd0,
opnd1
);
}
// LOCK - lock prefix for atomic shared memory operations
void cb_write_lock_prefix(codeblock_t *cb)
{
cb_write_byte(cb, 0xF0);
}
void cb_mark_all_writeable(codeblock_t * cb)
{
if (mprotect(cb->mem_block, cb->mem_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't make JIT page (%p) writeable, errno: %s", (void *)cb->mem_block, strerror(errno));
abort();
}
}
void cb_mark_position_writeable(codeblock_t * cb, uint32_t write_pos)
{
uint32_t pagesize = (uint32_t)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
uint32_t aligned_position = (write_pos / pagesize) * pagesize;
if (cb->current_aligned_write_pos != aligned_position) {
cb->current_aligned_write_pos = aligned_position;
if (mprotect(cb->mem_block + aligned_position, pagesize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't make JIT page (%p) writeable, errno: %s", (void *)(cb->mem_block + aligned_position), strerror(errno));
abort();
}
}
}
void cb_mark_all_executable(codeblock_t * cb)
{
cb->current_aligned_write_pos = ALIGNED_WRITE_POSITION_NONE;
if (mprotect(cb->mem_block, cb->mem_size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't make JIT page (%p) executable, errno: %s", (void *)cb->mem_block, strerror(errno));
abort();
}
}