48649e4625
In these expressions `1` is of type `signed int` (cf: ISO/IEC 9899:1990 section 6.1.3.2). The variable (e.g. `num`) is of type `rb_num_t`, which is in fact `unsigned long`. These two expressions then exercises the "usual arithmetic conversions" (cf: ISO/IEC 9899:1990 section 6.2.1.5) and both eventually become `unsigned long`. The two unsigned expressions are then subtracted to generate another unsigned integer expression (cf: ISO/IEC 9899:1990 section 6.3.6). This is where integer overflows can occur. OTOH the left hand side of the assignments are `rb_snum_t` which is `signed long`. The assignments exercise the "implicit conversion" of "an unsigned integer is converted to its corresponding signed integer" case (cf: ISO/IEC 9899:1990 section 6.2.1.2), which is "implementation-defined" (read: not portable). Casts are the proper way to avoid this problem. Because all expressions are converted to some integer types before any binary operations are performed, the assignments now have fully defined behaviour. These values can never exceed LONG_MAX so the casts must not lose any information. See also: https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby/jobs/451726874#L4357 git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@65595 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e |
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|---|---|---|
| basictest | ||
| benchmark | ||
| bin | ||
| bootstraptest | ||
| ccan | ||
| coverage | ||
| cygwin | ||
| defs | ||
| doc | ||
| enc | ||
| ext | ||
| gems | ||
| include | ||
| lib | ||
| man | ||
| misc | ||
| missing | ||
| sample | ||
| spec | ||
| template | ||
| test | ||
| tool | ||
| win32 | ||
| .document | ||
| .editorconfig | ||
| .gdbinit | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .indent.pro | ||
| .travis.yml | ||
| aclocal.m4 | ||
| addr2line.c | ||
| addr2line.h | ||
| appveyor.yml | ||
| array.c | ||
| ast.c | ||
| bignum.c | ||
| BSDL | ||
| class.c | ||
| common.mk | ||
| compar.c | ||
| compile.c | ||
| complex.c | ||
| configure.ac | ||
| constant.h | ||
| cont.c | ||
| CONTRIBUTING.md | ||
| COPYING | ||
| COPYING.ja | ||
| debug.c | ||
| debug_counter.c | ||
| debug_counter.h | ||
| dir.c | ||
| dln.c | ||
| dln.h | ||
| dln_find.c | ||
| dmydln.c | ||
| dmyenc.c | ||
| dmyext.c | ||
| encindex.h | ||
| encoding.c | ||
| enum.c | ||
| enumerator.c | ||
| error.c | ||
| eval.c | ||
| eval_error.c | ||
| eval_intern.h | ||
| eval_jump.c | ||
| file.c | ||
| gc.c | ||
| gc.h | ||
| gem_prelude.rb | ||
| golf_prelude.rb | ||
| goruby.c | ||
| GPL | ||
| hash.c | ||
| hrtime.h | ||
| ia64.s | ||
| id_table.c | ||
| id_table.h | ||
| inits.c | ||
| insns.def | ||
| internal.h | ||
| io.c | ||
| iseq.c | ||
| iseq.h | ||
| KNOWNBUGS.rb | ||
| LEGAL | ||
| lex.c.blt | ||
| load.c | ||
| loadpath.c | ||
| localeinit.c | ||
| main.c | ||
| Makefile.in | ||
| marshal.c | ||
| math.c | ||
| method.h | ||
| miniinit.c | ||
| mjit.c | ||
| mjit.h | ||
| mjit_compile.c | ||
| mjit_worker.c | ||
| NEWS | ||
| node.c | ||
| node.h | ||
| numeric.c | ||
| object.c | ||
| pack.c | ||
| parse.y | ||
| prelude.rb | ||
| probes.d | ||
| probes_helper.h | ||
| proc.c | ||
| process.c | ||
| random.c | ||
| range.c | ||
| rational.c | ||
| re.c | ||
| README.EXT | ||
| README.EXT.ja | ||
| README.ja.md | ||
| README.md | ||
| regcomp.c | ||
| regenc.c | ||
| regenc.h | ||
| regerror.c | ||
| regexec.c | ||
| regint.h | ||
| regparse.c | ||
| regparse.h | ||
| regsyntax.c | ||
| ruby-runner.c | ||
| ruby.c | ||
| ruby_assert.h | ||
| ruby_atomic.h | ||
| rubystub.c | ||
| safe.c | ||
| signal.c | ||
| siphash.c | ||
| siphash.h | ||
| sparc.c | ||
| sprintf.c | ||
| st.c | ||
| strftime.c | ||
| string.c | ||
| struct.c | ||
| symbol.c | ||
| symbol.h | ||
| thread.c | ||
| thread_pthread.c | ||
| thread_pthread.h | ||
| thread_sync.c | ||
| thread_win32.c | ||
| thread_win32.h | ||
| time.c | ||
| timev.h | ||
| transcode.c | ||
| transcode_data.h | ||
| transient_heap.c | ||
| transient_heap.h | ||
| util.c | ||
| variable.c | ||
| version.c | ||
| version.h | ||
| vm.c | ||
| vm_args.c | ||
| vm_backtrace.c | ||
| vm_core.h | ||
| vm_debug.h | ||
| vm_dump.c | ||
| vm_eval.c | ||
| vm_exec.c | ||
| vm_exec.h | ||
| vm_insnhelper.c | ||
| vm_insnhelper.h | ||
| vm_method.c | ||
| vm_opts.h | ||
| vm_trace.c | ||
| vsnprintf.c | ||
| wercker.yml | ||
What's Ruby
Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text files and to do system management tasks (as in Perl). It is simple, straight-forward, and extensible.
Features of Ruby
- Simple Syntax
- Normal Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)
- Advanced Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)
- Operator Overloading
- Exception Handling
- Iterators and Closures
- Garbage Collection
- Dynamic Loading of Object Files (on some architectures)
- Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as well as Windows, macOS, Haiku, etc.) cf. https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/trunk/doc/contributing.rdoc#platform-maintainers
How to get Ruby
For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third-party tools like rvm, see:
https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
The trunk of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following command:
$ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/ ruby
Or if you are using git then use the following command:
$ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
There are some other branches under development. Try the following command to see the list of branches:
$ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/
Or if you are using git then use the following command:
$ git ls-remote https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git
Ruby home page
The URL of the Ruby home page is:
Mailing list
There is a mailing list to talk about Ruby. To subscribe to this list, please send the following phrase:
subscribe
in the mail body (not subject) to the address ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org.
How to compile and install
This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
-
If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile Ruby, read win32/README.win32 instead of this document.
-
If
./configuredoes not exist or is older thanconfigure.ac, runautoconfto (re)generate configure. -
Run
./configure, which will generateconfig.handMakefile.Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your environment. Specify
optflags=..andwarnflags=..as necessary to override them. -
Edit
defines.hif you need. Usually this step will not be needed. -
Remove comment mark(
#) before the module names fromext/Setup(or add module names if not present), if you want to link modules statically.If you don't want to compile non static extension modules (probably on architectures which do not allow dynamic loading), remove comment mark from the line "
#option nodynamic" inext/Setup.Usually this step will not be needed.
-
Run
make.- On Mac, set RUBY_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
It uses the identity to sign
rubybinary. See also codesign(1).
- On Mac, set RUBY_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity.
It uses the identity to sign
-
Optionally, run '
make check' to check whether the compiled Ruby interpreter works well. If you see the message "check succeeded", your Ruby works as it should (hopefully). -
Optionally, run
make update-gemsandmake extract-gems.If you want to install bundled gems, run
make update-gemsandmake extract-gemsbefore runningmake install. -
Run '
make install'.This command will create the following directories and install files into them.
${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system
If Ruby's API version is 'x.y.z', the
${MAJOR}is 'x', the${MINOR}is 'y', and the${TEENY}is 'z'.NOTE: teeny of the API version may be different from one of Ruby's program version
You may have to be a super user to install Ruby.
If you fail to compile Ruby, please send the detailed error report with the error log and machine/OS type, to help others.
Some extension libraries may not get compiled because of lack of necessary
external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run 'make distclean-ext'
to remove old configuration after installing them in such case.
Copying
See the file COPYING.
Feedback
Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the Ruby-Talk mailing list (https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists) or on websites like (https://stackoverflow.com).
Bug reports should be filed at https://bugs.ruby-lang.org. Read HowToReport for more information.
Contributing
See the file CONTRIBUTING.md
The Author
Ruby was originally designed and developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in 1995.