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19b2909ee8
/dev/urandom is a symlink in OpenSolaris. * lib/securerandom.rb (SecureRandom.random_bytes: ditto. git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@26583 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e
257 lines
8.2 KiB
Ruby
257 lines
8.2 KiB
Ruby
# = Secure random number generator interface.
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#
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# This library is an interface for secure random number generator which is
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# suitable for generating session key in HTTP cookies, etc.
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#
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# It supports following secure random number generators.
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#
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# * openssl
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# * /dev/urandom
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# * Win32
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#
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# == Example
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#
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# # random hexadecimal string.
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# p SecureRandom.hex(10) #=> "52750b30ffbc7de3b362"
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# p SecureRandom.hex(10) #=> "92b15d6c8dc4beb5f559"
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# p SecureRandom.hex(11) #=> "6aca1b5c58e4863e6b81b8"
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# p SecureRandom.hex(12) #=> "94b2fff3e7fd9b9c391a2306"
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# p SecureRandom.hex(13) #=> "39b290146bea6ce975c37cfc23"
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# ...
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#
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# # random base64 string.
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# p SecureRandom.base64(10) #=> "EcmTPZwWRAozdA=="
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# p SecureRandom.base64(10) #=> "9b0nsevdwNuM/w=="
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# p SecureRandom.base64(10) #=> "KO1nIU+p9DKxGg=="
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# p SecureRandom.base64(11) #=> "l7XEiFja+8EKEtY="
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# p SecureRandom.base64(12) #=> "7kJSM/MzBJI+75j8"
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# p SecureRandom.base64(13) #=> "vKLJ0tXBHqQOuIcSIg=="
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# ...
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#
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# # random binary string.
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# p SecureRandom.random_bytes(10) #=> "\016\t{\370g\310pbr\301"
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# p SecureRandom.random_bytes(10) #=> "\323U\030TO\234\357\020\a\337"
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# ...
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begin
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require 'openssl'
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rescue LoadError
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end
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module SecureRandom
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# SecureRandom.random_bytes generates a random binary string.
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#
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# The argument n specifies the length of the result string.
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#
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# If n is not specified, 16 is assumed.
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# It may be larger in future.
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#
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# The result may contain any byte: "\x00" - "\xff".
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#
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# p SecureRandom.random_bytes #=> "\xD8\\\xE0\xF4\r\xB2\xFC*WM\xFF\x83\x18\xF45\xB6"
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# p SecureRandom.random_bytes #=> "m\xDC\xFC/\a\x00Uf\xB2\xB2P\xBD\xFF6S\x97"
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#
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# If secure random number generator is not available,
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# NotImplementedError is raised.
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def self.random_bytes(n=nil)
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n ||= 16
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if defined? OpenSSL::Random
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return OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(n)
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end
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if !defined?(@has_urandom) || @has_urandom
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flags = File::RDONLY
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flags |= File::NONBLOCK if defined? File::NONBLOCK
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flags |= File::NOCTTY if defined? File::NOCTTY
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begin
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File.open("/dev/urandom", flags) {|f|
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unless f.stat.chardev?
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raise Errno::ENOENT
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end
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@has_urandom = true
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ret = f.readpartial(n)
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if ret.length != n
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raise NotImplementedError, "Unexpected partial read from random device"
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end
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return ret
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}
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rescue Errno::ENOENT
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@has_urandom = false
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end
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end
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if !defined?(@has_win32)
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begin
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require 'Win32API'
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crypt_acquire_context = Win32API.new("advapi32", "CryptAcquireContext", 'PPPII', 'L')
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@crypt_gen_random = Win32API.new("advapi32", "CryptGenRandom", 'LIP', 'L')
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hProvStr = " " * 4
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prov_rsa_full = 1
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crypt_verifycontext = 0xF0000000
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if crypt_acquire_context.call(hProvStr, nil, nil, prov_rsa_full, crypt_verifycontext) == 0
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raise SystemCallError, "CryptAcquireContext failed: #{lastWin32ErrorMessage}"
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end
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@hProv, = hProvStr.unpack('L')
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@has_win32 = true
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rescue LoadError
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@has_win32 = false
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end
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end
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if @has_win32
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bytes = " ".force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT") * n
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if @crypt_gen_random.call(@hProv, bytes.size, bytes) == 0
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raise SystemCallError, "CryptGenRandom failed: #{lastWin32ErrorMessage}"
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end
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return bytes
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end
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raise NotImplementedError, "No random device"
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end
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# SecureRandom.hex generates a random hex string.
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#
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# The argument n specifies the length of the random length.
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# The length of the result string is twice of n.
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#
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# If n is not specified, 16 is assumed.
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# It may be larger in future.
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#
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# The result may contain 0-9 and a-f.
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#
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# p SecureRandom.hex #=> "eb693ec8252cd630102fd0d0fb7c3485"
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# p SecureRandom.hex #=> "91dc3bfb4de5b11d029d376634589b61"
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#
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# If secure random number generator is not available,
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# NotImplementedError is raised.
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def self.hex(n=nil)
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random_bytes(n).unpack("H*")[0]
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end
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# SecureRandom.base64 generates a random base64 string.
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#
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# The argument n specifies the length of the random length.
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# The length of the result string is about 4/3 of n.
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#
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# If n is not specified, 16 is assumed.
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# It may be larger in future.
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#
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# The result may contain A-Z, a-z, 0-9, "+", "/" and "=".
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#
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# p SecureRandom.base64 #=> "/2BuBuLf3+WfSKyQbRcc/A=="
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# p SecureRandom.base64 #=> "6BbW0pxO0YENxn38HMUbcQ=="
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#
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# If secure random number generator is not available,
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# NotImplementedError is raised.
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#
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# See RFC 3548 for base64.
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def self.base64(n=nil)
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[random_bytes(n)].pack("m*").delete("\n")
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end
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# SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 generates a random URL-safe base64 string.
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#
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# The argument _n_ specifies the length of the random length.
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# The length of the result string is about 4/3 of _n_.
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#
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# If _n_ is not specified, 16 is assumed.
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# It may be larger in future.
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#
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# The boolean argument _padding_ specifies the padding.
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# If it is false or nil, padding is not generated.
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# Otherwise padding is generated.
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# By default, padding is not generated because "=" may be used as a URL delimiter.
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#
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# The result may contain A-Z, a-z, 0-9, "-" and "_".
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# "=" is also used if _padding_ is true.
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#
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# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 #=> "b4GOKm4pOYU_-BOXcrUGDg"
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# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64 #=> "UZLdOkzop70Ddx-IJR0ABg"
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#
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# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(nil, true) #=> "i0XQ-7gglIsHGV2_BNPrdQ=="
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# p SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(nil, true) #=> "-M8rLhr7JEpJlqFGUMmOxg=="
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#
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# If secure random number generator is not available,
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# NotImplementedError is raised.
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#
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# See RFC 3548 for URL-safe base64.
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def self.urlsafe_base64(n=nil, padding=false)
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s = [random_bytes(n)].pack("m*")
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s.delete!("\n")
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s.tr!("+/", "-_")
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s.delete!("=") if !padding
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s
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end
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# SecureRandom.random_number generates a random number.
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#
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# If an positive integer is given as n,
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# SecureRandom.random_number returns an integer:
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# 0 <= SecureRandom.random_number(n) < n.
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#
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# p SecureRandom.random_number(100) #=> 15
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# p SecureRandom.random_number(100) #=> 88
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#
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# If 0 is given or an argument is not given,
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# SecureRandom.random_number returns an float:
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# 0.0 <= SecureRandom.random_number() < 1.0.
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#
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# p SecureRandom.random_number #=> 0.596506046187744
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# p SecureRandom.random_number #=> 0.350621695741409
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#
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def self.random_number(n=0)
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if 0 < n
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hex = n.to_s(16)
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hex = '0' + hex if (hex.length & 1) == 1
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bin = [hex].pack("H*")
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mask = bin[0].ord
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mask |= mask >> 1
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mask |= mask >> 2
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mask |= mask >> 4
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begin
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rnd = SecureRandom.random_bytes(bin.length)
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rnd[0] = (rnd[0].ord & mask).chr
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end until rnd < bin
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rnd.unpack("H*")[0].hex
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else
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# assumption: Float::MANT_DIG <= 64
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i64 = SecureRandom.random_bytes(8).unpack("Q")[0]
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Math.ldexp(i64 >> (64-Float::MANT_DIG), -Float::MANT_DIG)
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end
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end
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# SecureRandom.uuid generates a v4 random UUID (Universally Unique IDentifier).
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#
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# p SecureRandom.uuid #=> "2d931510-d99f-494a-8c67-87feb05e1594"
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# p SecureRandom.uuid #=> "bad85eb9-0713-4da7-8d36-07a8e4b00eab"
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# p SecureRandom.uuid #=> "62936e70-1815-439b-bf89-8492855a7e6b"
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#
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# The version 4 UUID is purely random (except the version).
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# It doesn't contain meaningful information such as MAC address, time, etc.
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#
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# See RFC 4122 for details of UUID.
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#
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def self.uuid
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ary = self.random_bytes(16).unpack("NnnnnN")
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ary[2] = (ary[2] & 0x0fff) | 0x4000
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ary[3] = (ary[3] & 0x3fff) | 0x8000
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"%08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%08x" % ary
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end
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# Following code is based on David Garamond's GUID library for Ruby.
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def self.lastWin32ErrorMessage # :nodoc:
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get_last_error = Win32API.new("kernel32", "GetLastError", '', 'L')
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format_message = Win32API.new("kernel32", "FormatMessageA", 'LPLLPLPPPPPPPP', 'L')
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format_message_ignore_inserts = 0x00000200
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format_message_from_system = 0x00001000
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code = get_last_error.call
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msg = "\0" * 1024
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len = format_message.call(format_message_ignore_inserts + format_message_from_system, 0, code, 0, msg, 1024, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
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msg[0, len].tr("\r", '').chomp
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end
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end
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