kotovalexarian-likes-github/ruby--ruby
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git synced 2022-11-09 12:17:21 -05:00
Code Releases Activity
ruby--ruby/lib/uri/common.rb
sonots 10ee38b6bc * lib/uri/common.rb: [DOC] add rdoc to describe 
URI.unescape is obsolete [ci-skip] [fix GH-1630]

git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@58899 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e
2017-05-26 06:42:11 +00:00

750 lines
20 KiB
Ruby
Raw Blame History

# frozen_string_literal: false
#--
# = uri/common.rb
#
# Author:: Akira Yamada <akira@ruby-lang.org>
# Revision:: $Id$
# License::
# You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same term as Ruby.
#
# See URI for general documentation
#
require "uri/rfc2396_parser"
require "uri/rfc3986_parser"
module URI
REGEXP = RFC2396_REGEXP
Parser = RFC2396_Parser
RFC3986_PARSER = RFC3986_Parser.new
# URI::Parser.new
DEFAULT_PARSER = Parser.new
DEFAULT_PARSER.pattern.each_pair do |sym, str|
unless REGEXP::PATTERN.const_defined?(sym)
REGEXP::PATTERN.const_set(sym, str)
end
end
DEFAULT_PARSER.regexp.each_pair do |sym, str|
const_set(sym, str)
end
module Util # :nodoc:
def make_components_hash(klass, array_hash)
tmp = {}
if array_hash.kind_of?(Array) &&
array_hash.size == klass.component.size - 1
klass.component[1..-1].each_index do |i|
begin
tmp[klass.component[i + 1]] = array_hash[i].clone
rescue TypeError
tmp[klass.component[i + 1]] = array_hash[i]
end
end
elsif array_hash.kind_of?(Hash)
array_hash.each do |key, value|
begin
tmp[key] = value.clone
rescue TypeError
tmp[key] = value
end
end
else
raise ArgumentError,
"expected Array of or Hash of components of #{klass} (#{klass.component[1..-1].join(', ')})"
end
tmp[:scheme] = klass.to_s.sub(/\A.*::/, '').downcase
return tmp
end
module_function :make_components_hash
end
# module for escaping unsafe characters with codes.
module Escape
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI.escape(str [, unsafe])
#
# == Args
#
# +str+::
# String to replaces in.
# +unsafe+::
# Regexp that matches all symbols that must be replaced with codes.
# By default uses <tt>UNSAFE</tt>.
# When this argument is a String, it represents a character set.
#
# == Description
#
# Escapes the string, replacing all unsafe characters with codes.
#
# This method is obsolete and should not be used. Instead, use
# CGI.escape, URI.encode_www_form or URI.encode_www_form_component
# depending on your specific use case.
#
# == Usage
#
# require 'uri'
#
# enc_uri = URI.escape("http://example.com/?a=\11\15")
# p enc_uri
# # => "http://example.com/?a=%09%0D"
#
# p URI.unescape(enc_uri)
# # => "http://example.com/?a=\t\r"
#
# p URI.escape("@?@!", "!?")
# # => "@%3F@%21"
#
def escape(*arg)
warn "#{caller(1)[0]}: warning: URI.escape is obsolete" if $VERBOSE
DEFAULT_PARSER.escape(*arg)
end
alias encode escape
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI.unescape(str)
#
# == Args
#
# +str+::
# Unescapes the string.
#
# == Description
#
# This method is obsolete and should not be used. Instead, use
# CGI.unescape, URI.decode_www_form or URI.decode_www_form_component
# depending on your specific use case.
#
# == Usage
#
# require 'uri'
#
# enc_uri = URI.escape("http://example.com/?a=\11\15")
# p enc_uri
# # => "http://example.com/?a=%09%0D"
#
# p URI.unescape(enc_uri)
# # => "http://example.com/?a=\t\r"
#
def unescape(*arg)
warn "#{caller(1)[0]}: warning: URI.unescape is obsolete" if $VERBOSE
DEFAULT_PARSER.unescape(*arg)
end
alias decode unescape
end # module Escape
extend Escape
include REGEXP
@@schemes = {}
# Returns a Hash of the defined schemes
def self.scheme_list
@@schemes
end
#
# Base class for all URI exceptions.
#
class Error < StandardError; end
#
# Not a URI.
#
class InvalidURIError < Error; end
#
# Not a URI component.
#
class InvalidComponentError < Error; end
#
# URI is valid, bad usage is not.
#
class BadURIError < Error; end
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI::split(uri)
#
# == Args
#
# +uri+::
# String with URI.
#
# == Description
#
# Splits the string on following parts and returns array with result:
#
# * Scheme
# * Userinfo
# * Host
# * Port
# * Registry
# * Path
# * Opaque
# * Query
# * Fragment
#
# == Usage
#
# require 'uri'
#
# p URI.split("http://www.ruby-lang.org/")
# # => ["http", nil, "www.ruby-lang.org", nil, nil, "/", nil, nil, nil]
#
def self.split(uri)
RFC3986_PARSER.split(uri)
end
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI::parse(uri_str)
#
# == Args
#
# +uri_str+::
# String with URI.
#
# == Description
#
# Creates one of the URI's subclasses instance from the string.
#
# == Raises
#
# URI::InvalidURIError
# Raised if URI given is not a correct one.
#
# == Usage
#
# require 'uri'
#
# uri = URI.parse("http://www.ruby-lang.org/")
# p uri
# # => #<URI::HTTP:0x202281be URL:http://www.ruby-lang.org/>
# p uri.scheme
# # => "http"
# p uri.host
# # => "www.ruby-lang.org"
#
# It's recommended to first ::escape the provided +uri_str+ if there are any
# invalid URI characters.
#
def self.parse(uri)
RFC3986_PARSER.parse(uri)
end
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI::join(str[, str, ...])
#
# == Args
#
# +str+::
# String(s) to work with, will be converted to RFC3986 URIs before merging.
#
# == Description
#
# Joins URIs.
#
# == Usage
#
# require 'uri'
#
# p URI.join("http://example.com/","main.rbx")
# # => #<URI::HTTP:0x2022ac02 URL:http://example.com/main.rbx>
#
# p URI.join('http://example.com', 'foo')
# # => #<URI::HTTP:0x01ab80a0 URL:http://example.com/foo>
#
# p URI.join('http://example.com', '/foo', '/bar')
# # => #<URI::HTTP:0x01aaf0b0 URL:http://example.com/bar>
#
# p URI.join('http://example.com', '/foo', 'bar')
# # => #<URI::HTTP:0x801a92af0 URL:http://example.com/bar>
#
# p URI.join('http://example.com', '/foo/', 'bar')
# # => #<URI::HTTP:0x80135a3a0 URL:http://example.com/foo/bar>
#
#
def self.join(*str)
RFC3986_PARSER.join(*str)
end
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI::extract(str[, schemes][,&blk])
#
# == Args
#
# +str+::
# String to extract URIs from.
# +schemes+::
# Limit URI matching to a specific schemes.
#
# == Description
#
# Extracts URIs from a string. If block given, iterates through all matched URIs.
# Returns nil if block given or array with matches.
#
# == Usage
#
# require "uri"
#
# URI.extract("text here http://foo.example.org/bla and here mailto:test@example.com and here also.")
# # => ["http://foo.example.com/bla", "mailto:test@example.com"]
#
def self.extract(str, schemes = nil, &block)
warn "#{caller(1)[0]}: warning: URI.extract is obsolete" if $VERBOSE
DEFAULT_PARSER.extract(str, schemes, &block)
end
#
# == Synopsis
#
# URI::regexp([match_schemes])
#
# == Args
#
# +match_schemes+::
# Array of schemes. If given, resulting regexp matches to URIs
# whose scheme is one of the match_schemes.
#
# == Description
# Returns a Regexp object which matches to URI-like strings.
# The Regexp object returned by this method includes arbitrary
# number of capture group (parentheses). Never rely on it's number.
#
# == Usage
#
# require 'uri'
#
# # extract first URI from html_string
# html_string.slice(URI.regexp)
#
# # remove ftp URIs
# html_string.sub(URI.regexp(['ftp'])
#
# # You should not rely on the number of parentheses
# html_string.scan(URI.regexp) do |*matches|
# p $&
# end
#
def self.regexp(schemes = nil)
warn "#{caller(1)[0]}: warning: URI.regexp is obsolete" if $VERBOSE
DEFAULT_PARSER.make_regexp(schemes)
end
TBLENCWWWCOMP_ = {} # :nodoc:
256.times do |i|
TBLENCWWWCOMP_[i.chr] = '%%%02X' % i
end
TBLENCWWWCOMP_[' '] = '+'
TBLENCWWWCOMP_.freeze
TBLDECWWWCOMP_ = {} # :nodoc:
256.times do |i|
h, l = i>>4, i&15
TBLDECWWWCOMP_['%%%X%X' % [h, l]] = i.chr
TBLDECWWWCOMP_['%%%x%X' % [h, l]] = i.chr
TBLDECWWWCOMP_['%%%X%x' % [h, l]] = i.chr
TBLDECWWWCOMP_['%%%x%x' % [h, l]] = i.chr
end
TBLDECWWWCOMP_['+'] = ' '
TBLDECWWWCOMP_.freeze
HTML5ASCIIINCOMPAT = defined? Encoding::UTF_7 ? [Encoding::UTF_7, Encoding::UTF_16BE, Encoding::UTF_16LE,
Encoding::UTF_32BE, Encoding::UTF_32LE] : [] # :nodoc:
# Encode given +str+ to URL-encoded form data.
#
# This method doesn't convert *, -, ., 0-9, A-Z, _, a-z, but does convert SP
# (ASCII space) to + and converts others to %XX.
#
# If +enc+ is given, convert +str+ to the encoding before percent encoding.
#
# This is an implementation of
# http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/CR-html5-20130806/forms.html#url-encoded-form-data
#
# See URI.decode_www_form_component, URI.encode_www_form
def self.encode_www_form_component(str, enc=nil)
str = str.to_s.dup
if str.encoding != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
if enc && enc != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
str.encode!(Encoding::UTF_8, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace)
str.encode!(enc, fallback: ->(x){"&#{x.ord};"})
end
str.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
end
str.gsub!(/[^*\-.0-9A-Z_a-z]/, TBLENCWWWCOMP_)
str.force_encoding(Encoding::US_ASCII)
end
# Decode given +str+ of URL-encoded form data.
#
# This decodes + to SP.
#
# See URI.encode_www_form_component, URI.decode_www_form
def self.decode_www_form_component(str, enc=Encoding::UTF_8)
raise ArgumentError, "invalid %-encoding (#{str})" if /%(?!\h\h)/ =~ str
str.b.gsub(/\+|%\h\h/, TBLDECWWWCOMP_).force_encoding(enc)
end
# Generate URL-encoded form data from given +enum+.
#
# This generates application/x-www-form-urlencoded data defined in HTML5
# from given an Enumerable object.
#
# This internally uses URI.encode_www_form_component(str).
#
# This method doesn't convert the encoding of given items, so convert them
# before call this method if you want to send data as other than original
# encoding or mixed encoding data. (Strings which are encoded in an HTML5
# ASCII incompatible encoding are converted to UTF-8.)
#
# This method doesn't handle files. When you send a file, use
# multipart/form-data.
#
# This refers http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-urlencoded-serializer
#
# URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["lang", "en"]])
# #=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
# URI.encode_www_form("q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en")
# #=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
# URI.encode_www_form("q" => ["ruby", "perl"], "lang" => "en")
# #=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
# URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["q", "perl"], ["lang", "en"]])
# #=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
#
# See URI.encode_www_form_component, URI.decode_www_form
def self.encode_www_form(enum, enc=nil)
enum.map do |k,v|
if v.nil?
encode_www_form_component(k, enc)
elsif v.respond_to?(:to_ary)
v.to_ary.map do |w|
str = encode_www_form_component(k, enc)
unless w.nil?
str << '='
str << encode_www_form_component(w, enc)
end
end.join('&')
else
str = encode_www_form_component(k, enc)
str << '='
str << encode_www_form_component(v, enc)
end
end.join('&')
end
# Decode URL-encoded form data from given +str+.
#
# This decodes application/x-www-form-urlencoded data
# and returns array of key-value array.
#
# This refers http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-urlencoded-parser ,
# so this supports only &-separator, don't support ;-separator.
#
# ary = URI.decode_www_form("a=1&a=2&b=3")
# p ary #=> [['a', '1'], ['a', '2'], ['b', '3']]
# p ary.assoc('a').last #=> '1'
# p ary.assoc('b').last #=> '3'
# p ary.rassoc('a').last #=> '2'
# p Hash[ary] # => {"a"=>"2", "b"=>"3"}
#
# See URI.decode_www_form_component, URI.encode_www_form
def self.decode_www_form(str, enc=Encoding::UTF_8, separator: '&', use__charset_: false, isindex: false)
raise ArgumentError, "the input of #{self.name}.#{__method__} must be ASCII only string" unless str.ascii_only?
ary = []
return ary if str.empty?
enc = Encoding.find(enc)
str.b.each_line(separator) do |string|
string.chomp!(separator)
key, sep, val = string.partition('=')
if isindex
if sep.empty?
val = key
key = ''
end
isindex = false
end
if use__charset_ and key == '_charset_' and e = get_encoding(val)
enc = e
use__charset_ = false
end
key.gsub!(/\+|%\h\h/, TBLDECWWWCOMP_)
if val
val.gsub!(/\+|%\h\h/, TBLDECWWWCOMP_)
else
val = ''
end
ary << [key, val]
end
ary.each do |k, v|
k.force_encoding(enc)
k.scrub!
v.force_encoding(enc)
v.scrub!
end
ary
end
private
=begin command for WEB_ENCODINGS_
curl https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/encodings.json|
ruby -rjson -e 'H={}
h={
"shift_jis"=>"Windows-31J",
"euc-jp"=>"cp51932",
"iso-2022-jp"=>"cp50221",
"x-mac-cyrillic"=>"macCyrillic",
}
JSON($<.read).map{|x|x["encodings"]}.flatten.each{|x|
Encoding.find(n=h.fetch(n=x["name"].downcase,n))rescue next
x["labels"].each{|y|H[y]=n}
}
puts "{"
H.each{|k,v|puts %[ #{k.dump}=>#{v.dump},]}
puts "}"
'
=end
WEB_ENCODINGS_ = {
"unicode-1-1-utf-8"=>"utf-8",
"utf-8"=>"utf-8",
"utf8"=>"utf-8",
"866"=>"ibm866",
"cp866"=>"ibm866",
"csibm866"=>"ibm866",
"ibm866"=>"ibm866",
"csisolatin2"=>"iso-8859-2",
"iso-8859-2"=>"iso-8859-2",
"iso-ir-101"=>"iso-8859-2",
"iso8859-2"=>"iso-8859-2",
"iso88592"=>"iso-8859-2",
"iso_8859-2"=>"iso-8859-2",
"iso_8859-2:1987"=>"iso-8859-2",
"l2"=>"iso-8859-2",
"latin2"=>"iso-8859-2",
"csisolatin3"=>"iso-8859-3",
"iso-8859-3"=>"iso-8859-3",
"iso-ir-109"=>"iso-8859-3",
"iso8859-3"=>"iso-8859-3",
"iso88593"=>"iso-8859-3",
"iso_8859-3"=>"iso-8859-3",
"iso_8859-3:1988"=>"iso-8859-3",
"l3"=>"iso-8859-3",
"latin3"=>"iso-8859-3",
"csisolatin4"=>"iso-8859-4",
"iso-8859-4"=>"iso-8859-4",
"iso-ir-110"=>"iso-8859-4",
"iso8859-4"=>"iso-8859-4",
"iso88594"=>"iso-8859-4",
"iso_8859-4"=>"iso-8859-4",
"iso_8859-4:1988"=>"iso-8859-4",
"l4"=>"iso-8859-4",
"latin4"=>"iso-8859-4",
"csisolatincyrillic"=>"iso-8859-5",
"cyrillic"=>"iso-8859-5",
"iso-8859-5"=>"iso-8859-5",
"iso-ir-144"=>"iso-8859-5",
"iso8859-5"=>"iso-8859-5",
"iso88595"=>"iso-8859-5",
"iso_8859-5"=>"iso-8859-5",
"iso_8859-5:1988"=>"iso-8859-5",
"arabic"=>"iso-8859-6",
"asmo-708"=>"iso-8859-6",
"csiso88596e"=>"iso-8859-6",
"csiso88596i"=>"iso-8859-6",
"csisolatinarabic"=>"iso-8859-6",
"ecma-114"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso-8859-6"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso-8859-6-e"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso-8859-6-i"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso-ir-127"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso8859-6"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso88596"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso_8859-6"=>"iso-8859-6",
"iso_8859-6:1987"=>"iso-8859-6",
"csisolatingreek"=>"iso-8859-7",
"ecma-118"=>"iso-8859-7",
"elot_928"=>"iso-8859-7",
"greek"=>"iso-8859-7",
"greek8"=>"iso-8859-7",
"iso-8859-7"=>"iso-8859-7",
"iso-ir-126"=>"iso-8859-7",
"iso8859-7"=>"iso-8859-7",
"iso88597"=>"iso-8859-7",
"iso_8859-7"=>"iso-8859-7",
"iso_8859-7:1987"=>"iso-8859-7",
"sun_eu_greek"=>"iso-8859-7",
"csiso88598e"=>"iso-8859-8",
"csisolatinhebrew"=>"iso-8859-8",
"hebrew"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso-8859-8"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso-8859-8-e"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso-ir-138"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso8859-8"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso88598"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso_8859-8"=>"iso-8859-8",
"iso_8859-8:1988"=>"iso-8859-8",
"visual"=>"iso-8859-8",
"csisolatin6"=>"iso-8859-10",
"iso-8859-10"=>"iso-8859-10",
"iso-ir-157"=>"iso-8859-10",
"iso8859-10"=>"iso-8859-10",
"iso885910"=>"iso-8859-10",
"l6"=>"iso-8859-10",
"latin6"=>"iso-8859-10",
"iso-8859-13"=>"iso-8859-13",
"iso8859-13"=>"iso-8859-13",
"iso885913"=>"iso-8859-13",
"iso-8859-14"=>"iso-8859-14",
"iso8859-14"=>"iso-8859-14",
"iso885914"=>"iso-8859-14",
"csisolatin9"=>"iso-8859-15",
"iso-8859-15"=>"iso-8859-15",
"iso8859-15"=>"iso-8859-15",
"iso885915"=>"iso-8859-15",
"iso_8859-15"=>"iso-8859-15",
"l9"=>"iso-8859-15",
"iso-8859-16"=>"iso-8859-16",
"cskoi8r"=>"koi8-r",
"koi"=>"koi8-r",
"koi8"=>"koi8-r",
"koi8-r"=>"koi8-r",
"koi8_r"=>"koi8-r",
"koi8-ru"=>"koi8-u",
"koi8-u"=>"koi8-u",
"dos-874"=>"windows-874",
"iso-8859-11"=>"windows-874",
"iso8859-11"=>"windows-874",
"iso885911"=>"windows-874",
"tis-620"=>"windows-874",
"windows-874"=>"windows-874",
"cp1250"=>"windows-1250",
"windows-1250"=>"windows-1250",
"x-cp1250"=>"windows-1250",
"cp1251"=>"windows-1251",
"windows-1251"=>"windows-1251",
"x-cp1251"=>"windows-1251",
"ansi_x3.4-1968"=>"windows-1252",
"ascii"=>"windows-1252",
"cp1252"=>"windows-1252",
"cp819"=>"windows-1252",
"csisolatin1"=>"windows-1252",
"ibm819"=>"windows-1252",
"iso-8859-1"=>"windows-1252",
"iso-ir-100"=>"windows-1252",
"iso8859-1"=>"windows-1252",
"iso88591"=>"windows-1252",
"iso_8859-1"=>"windows-1252",
"iso_8859-1:1987"=>"windows-1252",
"l1"=>"windows-1252",
"latin1"=>"windows-1252",
"us-ascii"=>"windows-1252",
"windows-1252"=>"windows-1252",
"x-cp1252"=>"windows-1252",
"cp1253"=>"windows-1253",
"windows-1253"=>"windows-1253",
"x-cp1253"=>"windows-1253",
"cp1254"=>"windows-1254",
"csisolatin5"=>"windows-1254",
"iso-8859-9"=>"windows-1254",
"iso-ir-148"=>"windows-1254",
"iso8859-9"=>"windows-1254",
"iso88599"=>"windows-1254",
"iso_8859-9"=>"windows-1254",
"iso_8859-9:1989"=>"windows-1254",
"l5"=>"windows-1254",
"latin5"=>"windows-1254",
"windows-1254"=>"windows-1254",
"x-cp1254"=>"windows-1254",
"cp1255"=>"windows-1255",
"windows-1255"=>"windows-1255",
"x-cp1255"=>"windows-1255",
"cp1256"=>"windows-1256",
"windows-1256"=>"windows-1256",
"x-cp1256"=>"windows-1256",
"cp1257"=>"windows-1257",
"windows-1257"=>"windows-1257",
"x-cp1257"=>"windows-1257",
"cp1258"=>"windows-1258",
"windows-1258"=>"windows-1258",
"x-cp1258"=>"windows-1258",
"x-mac-cyrillic"=>"macCyrillic",
"x-mac-ukrainian"=>"macCyrillic",
"chinese"=>"gbk",
"csgb2312"=>"gbk",
"csiso58gb231280"=>"gbk",
"gb2312"=>"gbk",
"gb_2312"=>"gbk",
"gb_2312-80"=>"gbk",
"gbk"=>"gbk",
"iso-ir-58"=>"gbk",
"x-gbk"=>"gbk",
"gb18030"=>"gb18030",
"big5"=>"big5",
"big5-hkscs"=>"big5",
"cn-big5"=>"big5",
"csbig5"=>"big5",
"x-x-big5"=>"big5",
"cseucpkdfmtjapanese"=>"cp51932",
"euc-jp"=>"cp51932",
"x-euc-jp"=>"cp51932",
"csiso2022jp"=>"cp50221",
"iso-2022-jp"=>"cp50221",
"csshiftjis"=>"Windows-31J",
"ms932"=>"Windows-31J",
"ms_kanji"=>"Windows-31J",
"shift-jis"=>"Windows-31J",
"shift_jis"=>"Windows-31J",
"sjis"=>"Windows-31J",
"windows-31j"=>"Windows-31J",
"x-sjis"=>"Windows-31J",
"cseuckr"=>"euc-kr",
"csksc56011987"=>"euc-kr",
"euc-kr"=>"euc-kr",
"iso-ir-149"=>"euc-kr",
"korean"=>"euc-kr",
"ks_c_5601-1987"=>"euc-kr",
"ks_c_5601-1989"=>"euc-kr",
"ksc5601"=>"euc-kr",
"ksc_5601"=>"euc-kr",
"windows-949"=>"euc-kr",
"utf-16be"=>"utf-16be",
"utf-16"=>"utf-16le",
"utf-16le"=>"utf-16le",
} # :nodoc:
# :nodoc:
# return encoding or nil
# http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-encoding-get
def self.get_encoding(label)
Encoding.find(WEB_ENCODINGS_[label.to_str.strip.downcase]) rescue nil
end
end # module URI
module Kernel
#
# Returns +uri+ converted to a URI object.
#
def URI(uri)
if uri.is_a?(URI::Generic)
uri
elsif uri = String.try_convert(uri)
URI.parse(uri)
else
raise ArgumentError,
"bad argument (expected URI object or URI string)"
end
end
module_function :URI
end
View git blame Copy permalink