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350 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
350 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
bundle-update(1) -- Update your gems to the latest available versions
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=====================================================================
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## SYNOPSIS
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`bundle update` <*gems> [--all]
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[--group=NAME]
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[--source=NAME]
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[--local]
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[--ruby]
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[--bundler[=VERSION]]
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[--full-index]
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[--jobs=JOBS]
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[--quiet]
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[--patch|--minor|--major]
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[--redownload]
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[--strict]
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[--conservative]
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## DESCRIPTION
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Update the gems specified (all gems, if `--all` flag is used), ignoring
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the previously installed gems specified in the `Gemfile.lock`. In
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general, you should use [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html) to install the same exact
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gems and versions across machines.
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You would use `bundle update` to explicitly update the version of a
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gem.
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## OPTIONS
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* `--all`:
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Update all gems specified in Gemfile.
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* `--group=<name>`, `-g=[<name>]`:
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Only update the gems in the specified group. For instance, you can update all gems
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in the development group with `bundle update --group development`. You can also
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call `bundle update rails --group test` to update the rails gem and all gems in
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the test group, for example.
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* `--source=<name>`:
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The name of a `:git` or `:path` source used in the Gemfile(5). For
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instance, with a `:git` source of `http://github.com/rails/rails.git`,
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you would call `bundle update --source rails`
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* `--local`:
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Do not attempt to fetch gems remotely and use the gem cache instead.
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* `--ruby`:
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Update the locked version of Ruby to the current version of Ruby.
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* `--bundler`:
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Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler version.
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* `--full-index`:
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Fall back to using the single-file index of all gems.
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* `--jobs=[<number>]`, `-j[<number>]`:
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Specify the number of jobs to run in parallel. The default is `1`.
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* `--retry=[<number>]`:
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Retry failed network or git requests for <number> times.
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* `--quiet`:
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Only output warnings and errors.
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* `--redownload`:
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Force downloading every gem.
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* `--patch`:
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Prefer updating only to next patch version.
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* `--minor`:
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Prefer updating only to next minor version.
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* `--major`:
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Prefer updating to next major version (default).
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* `--strict`:
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Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest `--patch` | `--minor` | `--major`.
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* `--conservative`:
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Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow indirect dependencies to be updated.
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## UPDATING ALL GEMS
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If you run `bundle update --all`, bundler will ignore
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any previously installed gems and resolve all dependencies again
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based on the latest versions of all gems available in the sources.
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Consider the following Gemfile(5):
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source "https://rubygems.org"
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gem "rails", "3.0.0.rc"
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gem "nokogiri"
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When you run [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html) the first time, bundler will resolve
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all of the dependencies, all the way down, and install what you need:
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Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
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Resolving dependencies...
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Installing builder 2.1.2
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Installing abstract 1.0.0
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Installing rack 1.2.8
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Using bundler 1.7.6
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Installing rake 10.4.0
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Installing polyglot 0.3.5
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Installing mime-types 1.25.1
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Installing i18n 0.4.2
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Installing mini_portile 0.6.1
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Installing tzinfo 0.3.42
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Installing rack-mount 0.6.14
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Installing rack-test 0.5.7
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Installing treetop 1.4.15
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Installing thor 0.14.6
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Installing activesupport 3.0.0.rc
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Installing erubis 2.6.6
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Installing activemodel 3.0.0.rc
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Installing arel 0.4.0
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Installing mail 2.2.20
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Installing activeresource 3.0.0.rc
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Installing actionpack 3.0.0.rc
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Installing activerecord 3.0.0.rc
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Installing actionmailer 3.0.0.rc
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Installing railties 3.0.0.rc
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Installing rails 3.0.0.rc
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Installing nokogiri 1.6.5
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Bundle complete! 2 Gemfile dependencies, 26 gems total.
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Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
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As you can see, even though you have two gems in the Gemfile(5), your application
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needs 26 different gems in order to run. Bundler remembers the exact versions
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it installed in `Gemfile.lock`. The next time you run [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html), bundler skips
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the dependency resolution and installs the same gems as it installed last time.
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After checking in the `Gemfile.lock` into version control and cloning it on another
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machine, running [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html) will _still_ install the gems that you installed
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last time. You don't need to worry that a new release of `erubis` or `mail` changes
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the gems you use.
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However, from time to time, you might want to update the gems you are using to the
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newest versions that still match the gems in your Gemfile(5).
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To do this, run `bundle update --all`, which will ignore the `Gemfile.lock`, and resolve
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all the dependencies again. Keep in mind that this process can result in a significantly
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different set of the 25 gems, based on the requirements of new gems that the gem
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authors released since the last time you ran `bundle update --all`.
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## UPDATING A LIST OF GEMS
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Sometimes, you want to update a single gem in the Gemfile(5), and leave the rest of the
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gems that you specified locked to the versions in the `Gemfile.lock`.
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For instance, in the scenario above, imagine that `nokogiri` releases version `1.4.4`, and
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you want to update it _without_ updating Rails and all of its dependencies. To do this,
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run `bundle update nokogiri`.
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Bundler will update `nokogiri` and any of its dependencies, but leave alone Rails and
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its dependencies.
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## OVERLAPPING DEPENDENCIES
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Sometimes, multiple gems declared in your Gemfile(5) are satisfied by the same
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second-level dependency. For instance, consider the case of `thin` and
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`rack-perftools-profiler`.
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source "https://rubygems.org"
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gem "thin"
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gem "rack-perftools-profiler"
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The `thin` gem depends on `rack >= 1.0`, while `rack-perftools-profiler` depends
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on `rack ~> 1.0`. If you run bundle install, you get:
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Fetching source index for https://rubygems.org/
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Installing daemons (1.1.0)
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Installing eventmachine (0.12.10) with native extensions
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Installing open4 (1.0.1)
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Installing perftools.rb (0.4.7) with native extensions
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Installing rack (1.2.1)
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Installing rack-perftools_profiler (0.0.2)
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Installing thin (1.2.7) with native extensions
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Using bundler (1.0.0.rc.3)
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In this case, the two gems have their own set of dependencies, but they share
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`rack` in common. If you run `bundle update thin`, bundler will update `daemons`,
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`eventmachine` and `rack`, which are dependencies of `thin`, but not `open4` or
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`perftools.rb`, which are dependencies of `rack-perftools_profiler`. Note that
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`bundle update thin` will update `rack` even though it's _also_ a dependency of
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`rack-perftools_profiler`.
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In short, by default, when you update a gem using `bundle update`, bundler will
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update all dependencies of that gem, including those that are also dependencies
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of another gem.
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To prevent updating indirect dependencies, prior to version 1.14 the only option
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was the `CONSERVATIVE UPDATING` behavior in [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html):
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In this scenario, updating the `thin` version manually in the Gemfile(5),
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and then running [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html) will only update `daemons` and `eventmachine`,
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but not `rack`. For more information, see the `CONSERVATIVE UPDATING` section
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of [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html).
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Starting with 1.14, specifying the `--conservative` option will also prevent indirect
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dependencies from being updated.
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## PATCH LEVEL OPTIONS
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Version 1.14 introduced 4 patch-level options that will influence how gem
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versions are resolved. One of the following options can be used: `--patch`,
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`--minor` or `--major`. `--strict` can be added to further influence resolution.
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* `--patch`:
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Prefer updating only to next patch version.
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* `--minor`:
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Prefer updating only to next minor version.
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* `--major`:
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Prefer updating to next major version (default).
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* `--strict`:
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Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest `--patch` | `--minor` | `--major`.
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When Bundler is resolving what versions to use to satisfy declared
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requirements in the Gemfile or in parent gems, it looks up all
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available versions, filters out any versions that don't satisfy
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the requirement, and then, by default, sorts them from newest to
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oldest, considering them in that order.
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Providing one of the patch level options (e.g. `--patch`) changes the
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sort order of the satisfying versions, causing Bundler to consider the
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latest `--patch` or `--minor` version available before other versions.
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Note that versions outside the stated patch level could still be
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resolved to if necessary to find a suitable dependency graph.
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For example, if gem 'foo' is locked at 1.0.2, with no gem requirement
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defined in the Gemfile, and versions 1.0.3, 1.0.4, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 2.0.0
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all exist, the default order of preference by default (`--major`) will
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be "2.0.0, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".
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If the `--patch` option is used, the order of preference will change to
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"1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 2.0.0".
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If the `--minor` option is used, the order of preference will change to
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"1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 2.0.0".
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Combining the `--strict` option with any of the patch level options
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will remove any versions beyond the scope of the patch level option,
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to ensure that no gem is updated that far.
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To continue the previous example, if both `--patch` and `--strict`
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options are used, the available versions for resolution would be
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"1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2". If `--minor` and `--strict` are used, it would
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be "1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".
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Gem requirements as defined in the Gemfile will still be the first
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determining factor for what versions are available. If the gem
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requirement for `foo` in the Gemfile is '~> 1.0', that will accomplish
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the same thing as providing the `--minor` and `--strict` options.
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## PATCH LEVEL EXAMPLES
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Given the following gem specifications:
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foo 1.4.3, requires: ~> bar 2.0
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foo 1.4.4, requires: ~> bar 2.0
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foo 1.4.5, requires: ~> bar 2.1
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foo 1.5.0, requires: ~> bar 2.1
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foo 1.5.1, requires: ~> bar 3.0
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bar with versions 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 3.0.0
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Gemfile:
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gem 'foo'
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Gemfile.lock:
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foo (1.4.3)
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bar (~> 2.0)
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bar (2.0.3)
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Cases:
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# Command Line Result
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------------------------------------------------------------
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1 bundle update --patch 'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
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2 bundle update --patch foo 'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
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3 bundle update --minor 'foo 1.5.1', 'bar 3.0.0'
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4 bundle update --minor --strict 'foo 1.5.0', 'bar 2.1.1'
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5 bundle update --patch --strict 'foo 1.4.4', 'bar 2.0.4'
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In case 1, bar is upgraded to 2.1.1, a minor version increase, because
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the dependency from foo 1.4.5 required it.
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In case 2, only foo is requested to be unlocked, but bar is also
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allowed to move because it's not a declared dependency in the Gemfile.
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In case 3, bar goes up a whole major release, because a minor increase
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is preferred now for foo, and when it goes to 1.5.1, it requires 3.0.0
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of bar.
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In case 4, foo is preferred up to a minor version, but 1.5.1 won't work
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because the --strict flag removes bar 3.0.0 from consideration since
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it's a major increment.
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In case 5, both foo and bar have any minor or major increments removed
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from consideration because of the --strict flag, so the most they can
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move is up to 1.4.4 and 2.0.4.
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## RECOMMENDED WORKFLOW
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In general, when working with an application managed with bundler, you should
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use the following workflow:
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* After you create your Gemfile(5) for the first time, run
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$ bundle install
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* Check the resulting `Gemfile.lock` into version control
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$ git add Gemfile.lock
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* When checking out this repository on another development machine, run
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$ bundle install
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* When checking out this repository on a deployment machine, run
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$ bundle install --deployment
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* After changing the Gemfile(5) to reflect a new or update dependency, run
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$ bundle install
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* Make sure to check the updated `Gemfile.lock` into version control
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$ git add Gemfile.lock
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* If [bundle install(1)](bundle-install.1.html) reports a conflict, manually update the specific
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gems that you changed in the Gemfile(5)
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$ bundle update rails thin
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* If you want to update all the gems to the latest possible versions that
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still match the gems listed in the Gemfile(5), run
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$ bundle update --all
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