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ruby--ruby/internal/class.h
eileencodes b91b3bc771 Add a cache for class variables 
Redo of 34a2acdac7 and
931138b006 which were reverted.

GitHub PR #4340.

This change implements a cache for class variables. Previously there was
no cache for cvars. Cvar access is slow due to needing to travel all the
way up th ancestor tree before returning the cvar value. The deeper the
ancestor tree the slower cvar access will be.

The benefits of the cache are more visible with a higher number of
included modules due to the way Ruby looks up class variables. The
benchmark here includes 26 modules and shows with the cache, this branch
is 6.5x faster when accessing class variables.

```
compare-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T06:22:34Z master 9e5105c) [x86_64-darwin19]
built-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T12:12:44Z add-cache-for-clas.. c6be009) [x86_64-darwin19]

|         |compare-ruby|built-ruby|
|:--------|-----------:|---------:|
|vm_cvar  |      5.681M|   36.980M|
|         |           -|     6.51x|
```

Benchmark.ips calling `ActiveRecord::Base.logger` from within a Rails
application. ActiveRecord::Base.logger has 71 ancestors. The more
ancestors a tree has, the more clear the speed increase. IE if Base had
only one ancestor we'd see no improvement. This benchmark is run on a
vanilla Rails application.

Benchmark code:

```ruby
require "benchmark/ips"
require_relative "config/environment"

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report "logger" do
    ActiveRecord::Base.logger
  end
end
```

Ruby 3.0 master / Rails 6.1:

```
Warming up --------------------------------------
              logger   155.251k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
```

Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache /  Rails 6.1:

```
Warming up --------------------------------------
              logger     1.546M i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
              logger     14.857M (± 4.8%) i/s -     74.198M in   5.006202s
```

Lastly we ran a benchmark to demonstate the difference between master
and our cache when the number of modules increases. This benchmark
measures 1 ancestor, 30 ancestors, and 100 ancestors.

Ruby 3.0 master:

```
Warming up --------------------------------------
            1 module     1.231M i/100ms
          30 modules   432.020k i/100ms
         100 modules   145.399k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
            1 module     12.210M (± 2.1%) i/s -     61.553M in   5.043400s
          30 modules      4.354M (± 2.7%) i/s -     22.033M in   5.063839s
         100 modules      1.434M (± 2.9%) i/s -      7.270M in   5.072531s

Comparison:
            1 module: 12209958.3 i/s
          30 modules:  4354217.8 i/s - 2.80x  (± 0.00) slower
         100 modules:  1434447.3 i/s - 8.51x  (± 0.00) slower
```

Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache:

```
Warming up --------------------------------------
            1 module     1.641M i/100ms
          30 modules     1.655M i/100ms
         100 modules     1.620M i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
            1 module     16.279M (± 3.8%) i/s -     82.038M in   5.046923s
          30 modules     15.891M (± 3.9%) i/s -     79.459M in   5.007958s
         100 modules     16.087M (± 3.6%) i/s -     81.005M in   5.041931s

Comparison:
            1 module: 16279458.0 i/s
         100 modules: 16087484.6 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
          30 modules: 15891406.2 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
```

Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
2021-06-18 10:02:44 -07:00

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#ifndef INTERNAL_CLASS_H /*-*-C-*-vi:se ft=c:*/
#define INTERNAL_CLASS_H
/**
* @file
* @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
* @brief Internal header for Class.
*/
#include "id_table.h" /* for struct rb_id_table */
#include "internal/gc.h" /* for RB_OBJ_WRITE */
#include "internal/serial.h" /* for rb_serial_t */
#include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h" /* for bool */
#include "ruby/intern.h" /* for rb_alloc_func_t */
#include "ruby/ruby.h" /* for struct RBasic */
#ifdef RCLASS_SUPER
# undef RCLASS_SUPER
#endif
struct rb_subclass_entry {
VALUE klass;
struct rb_subclass_entry *next;
};
struct rb_iv_index_tbl_entry {
uint32_t index;
rb_serial_t class_serial;
VALUE class_value;
};
struct rb_cvar_class_tbl_entry {
uint32_t index;
rb_serial_t global_cvar_state;
VALUE class_value;
};
struct rb_classext_struct {
struct st_table *iv_index_tbl; // ID -> struct rb_iv_index_tbl_entry
struct st_table *iv_tbl;
#if SIZEOF_SERIAL_T == SIZEOF_VALUE /* otherwise m_tbl is in struct RClass */
struct rb_id_table *m_tbl;
#endif
struct rb_id_table *const_tbl;
struct rb_id_table *callable_m_tbl;
struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl; /* ID -> [[ci, cc1], cc2, ...] */
struct rb_id_table *cvc_tbl;
struct rb_subclass_entry *subclasses;
struct rb_subclass_entry **parent_subclasses;
/**
* In the case that this is an `ICLASS`, `module_subclasses` points to the link
* in the module's `subclasses` list that indicates that the klass has been
* included. Hopefully that makes sense.
*/
struct rb_subclass_entry **module_subclasses;
#if SIZEOF_SERIAL_T != SIZEOF_VALUE /* otherwise class_serial is in struct RClass */
rb_serial_t class_serial;
#endif
const VALUE origin_;
const VALUE refined_class;
rb_alloc_func_t allocator;
const VALUE includer;
};
struct RClass {
struct RBasic basic;
VALUE super;
struct rb_classext_struct *ptr;
#if SIZEOF_SERIAL_T == SIZEOF_VALUE
/* Class serial is as wide as VALUE. Place it here. */
rb_serial_t class_serial;
#else
/* Class serial does not fit into struct RClass. Place m_tbl instead. */
struct rb_id_table *m_tbl;
#endif
};
typedef struct rb_subclass_entry rb_subclass_entry_t;
typedef struct rb_classext_struct rb_classext_t;
#define RCLASS_EXT(c) (RCLASS(c)->ptr)
#define RCLASS_IV_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->iv_tbl)
#define RCLASS_CONST_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->const_tbl)
#if SIZEOF_SERIAL_T == SIZEOF_VALUE
# define RCLASS_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->m_tbl)
#else
# define RCLASS_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS(c)->m_tbl)
#endif
#define RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->callable_m_tbl)
#define RCLASS_CC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->cc_tbl)
#define RCLASS_CVC_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->cvc_tbl)
#define RCLASS_IV_INDEX_TBL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->iv_index_tbl)
#define RCLASS_ORIGIN(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->origin_)
#define RCLASS_REFINED_CLASS(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->refined_class)
#if SIZEOF_SERIAL_T == SIZEOF_VALUE
# define RCLASS_SERIAL(c) (RCLASS(c)->class_serial)
#else
# define RCLASS_SERIAL(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->class_serial)
#endif
#define RCLASS_INCLUDER(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->includer)
#define RCLASS_PARENT_SUBCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->parent_subclasses)
#define RCLASS_MODULE_SUBCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->module_subclasses)
#define RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->allocator)
#define RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(c) (RCLASS_EXT(c)->subclasses)
#define RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN FL_USER5
#define RCLASS_CLONED FL_USER6
#define RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL FL_USER8
/* class.c */
void rb_class_subclass_add(VALUE super, VALUE klass);
void rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(VALUE);
int rb_singleton_class_internal_p(VALUE sklass);
VALUE rb_class_boot(VALUE);
VALUE rb_make_metaclass(VALUE, VALUE);
VALUE rb_include_class_new(VALUE, VALUE);
void rb_class_foreach_subclass(VALUE klass, void (*f)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE);
void rb_class_detach_subclasses(VALUE);
void rb_class_detach_module_subclasses(VALUE);
void rb_class_remove_from_module_subclasses(VALUE);
VALUE rb_obj_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
VALUE rb_obj_protected_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
VALUE rb_obj_private_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
VALUE rb_obj_public_methods(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
VALUE rb_special_singleton_class(VALUE);
VALUE rb_singleton_class_clone_and_attach(VALUE obj, VALUE attach);
VALUE rb_singleton_class_get(VALUE obj);
int rb_class_has_methods(VALUE c);
void rb_undef_methods_from(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
static inline void RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin);
static inline void RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass);
static inline VALUE RCLASS_SUPER(VALUE klass);
static inline VALUE RCLASS_SET_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super);
static inline void RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(VALUE iclass, VALUE klass);
MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
VALUE rb_class_inherited(VALUE, VALUE);
VALUE rb_keyword_error_new(const char *, VALUE);
MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
static inline void
RCLASS_SET_ORIGIN(VALUE klass, VALUE origin)
{
RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), origin);
if (klass != origin) FL_SET(origin, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN);
}
static inline void
RICLASS_SET_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL(VALUE iclass)
{
FL_SET(iclass, RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL);
}
static inline bool
RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(VALUE iclass)
{
return FL_TEST_RAW(iclass, RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN | RICLASS_ORIGIN_SHARED_MTBL) == RICLASS_IS_ORIGIN;
}
static inline void
RCLASS_SET_INCLUDER(VALUE iclass, VALUE klass)
{
RB_OBJ_WRITE(iclass, &RCLASS_INCLUDER(iclass), klass);
}
static inline VALUE
RCLASS_SUPER(VALUE klass)
{
return RCLASS(klass)->super;
}
static inline VALUE
RCLASS_SET_SUPER(VALUE klass, VALUE super)
{
if (super) {
rb_class_remove_from_super_subclasses(klass);
rb_class_subclass_add(super, klass);
}
RB_OBJ_WRITE(klass, &RCLASS(klass)->super, super);
return super;
}
#endif /* INTERNAL_CLASS_H */
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