From 07e777742532ba4a0e4957f3241fc4fb6a903e86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Walpole <twalpole@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Mar 2016 16:52:19 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] frozen literal magic comment

---
 features/step_definitions/capybara_steps.rb                | 1 +
 features/support/env.rb                                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara.rb                                            | 1 +
 lib/capybara/cucumber.rb                                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/driver/base.rb                                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/driver/node.rb                                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/dsl.rb                                        | 1 +
 lib/capybara/helpers.rb                                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/actions.rb                               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/base.rb                                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/document.rb                              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/document_matchers.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/element.rb                               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/finders.rb                               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb                              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/node/simple.rb                                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/queries/base_query.rb                         | 1 +
 lib/capybara/queries/current_path_query.rb                 | 1 +
 lib/capybara/queries/text_query.rb                         | 1 +
 lib/capybara/queries/title_query.rb                        | 1 +
 lib/capybara/query.rb                                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rack_test/browser.rb                          | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rack_test/css_handlers.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb                           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rack_test/form.rb                             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rack_test/node.rb                             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rails.rb                                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/result.rb                                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rspec.rb                                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rspec/features.rb                             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb                             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/selector.rb                                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb                            | 1 +
 lib/capybara/selenium/node.rb                              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/server.rb                                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/session.rb                                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/session/matchers.rb                           | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_alert_spec.rb             | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_confirm_spec.rb           | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_prompt_spec.rb            | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/all_spec.rb                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_current_path.rb           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_selector.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_text.rb                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_title.rb                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/attach_file_spec.rb              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/body_spec.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/check_spec.rb                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/choose_spec.rb                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/click_button_spec.rb             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_or_button_spec.rb     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_spec.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/current_scope_spec.rb            | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/current_url_spec.rb              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_confirm_spec.rb          | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_prompt_spec.rb           | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/evaluate_script_spec.rb          | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/execute_script_spec.rb           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/fill_in_spec.rb                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/find_button_spec.rb              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/find_by_id_spec.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/find_field_spec.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/find_link_spec.rb                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/find_spec.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/first_spec.rb                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/go_back_spec.rb                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/go_forward_spec.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_button_spec.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_css_spec.rb                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_current_path_spec.rb         | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_field_spec.rb                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_link_spec.rb                 | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_select_spec.rb               | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_selector_spec.rb             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_table_spec.rb                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_text_spec.rb                 | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_title_spec.rb                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/has_xpath_spec.rb                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/headers.rb                       | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/html_spec.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/reset_session_spec.rb            | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/response_code.rb                 | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_page_spec.rb       | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_screenshot_spec.rb | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/save_page_spec.rb                | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/save_screenshot_spec.rb          | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/screenshot_spec.rb               | 4 +++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/select_spec.rb                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/text_spec.rb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/title_spec.rb                    | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/session/uncheck_spec.rb                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/unselect_spec.rb                 | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/visit_spec.rb                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/become_closed_spec.rb     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/current_window_spec.rb    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/open_new_window_spec.rb   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/switch_to_window_spec.rb  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_opened_by_spec.rb  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_spec.rb            | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/windows_spec.rb           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/window/within_window_spec.rb     | 5 ++---
 lib/capybara/spec/session/within_frame_spec.rb             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/session/within_spec.rb                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/spec_helper.rb                           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/test_app.rb                              | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/buttons.erb                        | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/fieldsets.erb                      | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/form.erb                           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_child.erb                    | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_one.erb                      | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_parent.erb                   | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_two.erb                      | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/header_links.erb                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/host_links.erb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/path.erb                           | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_one.erb                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_two.erb                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/postback.erb                       | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/tables.erb                         | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_base_tag.erb                  | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_count.erb                     | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_hover.erb                     | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html.erb                      | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html_entities.erb             | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_js.erb                        | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_scope.erb                     | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_simple_html.erb               | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_title.erb                     | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/spec/views/with_windows.erb                   | 1 +
 lib/capybara/spec/views/within_frames.erb                  | 3 ++-
 lib/capybara/version.rb                                    | 1 +
 lib/capybara/window.rb                                     | 1 +
 spec/basic_node_spec.rb                                    | 1 +
 spec/capybara_spec.rb                                      | 1 +
 spec/dsl_spec.rb                                           | 1 +
 spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_failure.rb             | 1 +
 spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_success.rb             | 1 +
 spec/rack_test_spec.rb                                     | 1 +
 spec/result_spec.rb                                        | 1 +
 spec/rspec/features_spec.rb                                | 1 +
 spec/rspec/matchers_spec.rb                                | 1 +
 spec/rspec/scenarios_spec.rb                               | 1 +
 spec/rspec/views_spec.rb                                   | 1 +
 spec/rspec_spec.rb                                         | 1 +
 spec/selector_spec.rb                                      | 1 +
 spec/selenium_spec.rb                                      | 1 +
 spec/selenium_spec_chrome.rb                               | 1 +
 spec/server_spec.rb                                        | 1 +
 spec/spec_helper.rb                                        | 1 +
 150 files changed, 172 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/features/step_definitions/capybara_steps.rb b/features/step_definitions/capybara_steps.rb
index 76ab1ed6..c0940505 100644
--- a/features/step_definitions/capybara_steps.rb
+++ b/features/step_definitions/capybara_steps.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 When /^I visit the (?:root|home) page$/ do
   visit('/')
 end
diff --git a/features/support/env.rb b/features/support/env.rb
index ea3f0bff..66d970b7 100644
--- a/features/support/env.rb
+++ b/features/support/env.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'rubygems'
 require 'bundler/setup'
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara.rb b/lib/capybara.rb
index 7a175983..26ed328d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'timeout'
 require 'nokogiri'
 require 'xpath'
diff --git a/lib/capybara/cucumber.rb b/lib/capybara/cucumber.rb
index 9f98124c..f9e9e76e 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/cucumber.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/cucumber.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'capybara/dsl'
 require 'capybara/rspec/matchers'
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/driver/base.rb b/lib/capybara/driver/base.rb
index 6bf105cf..dd2b037b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/driver/base.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/driver/base.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 class Capybara::Driver::Base
   def current_url
     raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/lib/capybara/driver/node.rb b/lib/capybara/driver/node.rb
index 0f364bfb..798e442a 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/driver/node.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/driver/node.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Driver
     class Node
diff --git a/lib/capybara/dsl.rb b/lib/capybara/dsl.rb
index eb166e21..994b26b1 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/dsl.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/dsl.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'capybara'
 
 module Capybara
diff --git a/lib/capybara/helpers.rb b/lib/capybara/helpers.rb
index 0cb81fd9..408f2bff 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/helpers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/helpers.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # encoding: UTF-8
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Capybara
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/actions.rb b/lib/capybara/node/actions.rb
index 6312df4c..9702979d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/actions.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/actions.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
     module Actions
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/base.rb b/lib/capybara/node/base.rb
index f5d73f36..37c80148 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/base.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/base.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/document.rb b/lib/capybara/node/document.rb
index 88a9346d..e5e9a53d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/document.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/document.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/document_matchers.rb b/lib/capybara/node/document_matchers.rb
index e1c61313..0bdec0f2 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/document_matchers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/document_matchers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
     module DocumentMatchers
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/element.rb b/lib/capybara/node/element.rb
index bd5bedbd..4abb33e2 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/element.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/element.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb b/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb
index 06cec29a..56f24612 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
     module Finders
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb b/lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb
index 8fd202f3..6912b8ed 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
     module Matchers
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/simple.rb b/lib/capybara/node/simple.rb
index 85f0b997..ed96b229 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/simple.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/simple.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module Node
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/queries/base_query.rb b/lib/capybara/queries/base_query.rb
index 7850c0b6..c5e3b047 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/queries/base_query.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/queries/base_query.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   # @api private
   module Queries
diff --git a/lib/capybara/queries/current_path_query.rb b/lib/capybara/queries/current_path_query.rb
index dc15f455..86050aea 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/queries/current_path_query.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/queries/current_path_query.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'addressable/uri'
 
 module Capybara
diff --git a/lib/capybara/queries/text_query.rb b/lib/capybara/queries/text_query.rb
index 836c4033..b17cdbd6 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/queries/text_query.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/queries/text_query.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   # @api private
   module Queries
diff --git a/lib/capybara/queries/title_query.rb b/lib/capybara/queries/title_query.rb
index e69e908f..b6ffdfaa 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/queries/title_query.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/queries/title_query.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   # @api private
   module Queries
diff --git a/lib/capybara/query.rb b/lib/capybara/query.rb
index 0bb3b363..5ff43a2a 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/query.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/query.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   # @deprecated This class and its methods are not supposed to be used by users of Capybara's public API.
   #   It may be removed in future versions of Capybara.
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rack_test/browser.rb b/lib/capybara/rack_test/browser.rb
index 730266de..62dc44e4 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rack_test/browser.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rack_test/browser.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 class Capybara::RackTest::Browser
   include ::Rack::Test::Methods
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rack_test/css_handlers.rb b/lib/capybara/rack_test/css_handlers.rb
index fd5fa20a..714d6754 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rack_test/css_handlers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rack_test/css_handlers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 class Capybara::RackTest::CSSHandlers < BasicObject
   include ::Kernel
   
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb b/lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb
index 89ce48d3..18622512 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rack_test/driver.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'rack/test'
 require 'rack/utils'
 require 'mime/types'
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rack_test/form.rb b/lib/capybara/rack_test/form.rb
index 6bc8fabe..3459b36f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rack_test/form.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rack_test/form.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 class Capybara::RackTest::Form < Capybara::RackTest::Node
   # This only needs to inherit from Rack::Test::UploadedFile because Rack::Test checks for
   # the class specifically when determining whether to construct the request as multipart.
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rack_test/node.rb b/lib/capybara/rack_test/node.rb
index 31fb9096..ef70aed2 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rack_test/node.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rack_test/node.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 class Capybara::RackTest::Node < Capybara::Driver::Node
   def all_text
     Capybara::Helpers.normalize_whitespace(native.text)
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rails.rb b/lib/capybara/rails.rb
index c08f929b..130e3f7d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rails.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rails.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'capybara/dsl'
 
 Capybara.app = Rack::Builder.new do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/result.rb b/lib/capybara/result.rb
index bd24045c..90731f6a 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/result.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/result.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'forwardable'
 
 module Capybara
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rspec.rb b/lib/capybara/rspec.rb
index 00d7fe8f..50f72a84 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rspec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rspec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'capybara/dsl'
 require 'rspec/core'
 require 'capybara/rspec/matchers'
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rspec/features.rb b/lib/capybara/rspec/features.rb
index 679ac5a4..3b91b636 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rspec/features.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rspec/features.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 if RSpec::Core::Version::STRING.to_f >= 3.0
   RSpec.shared_context "Capybara Features", :capybara_feature => true do
     instance_eval do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb b/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb
index 2b27f8e1..7daf225d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module RSpecMatchers
     class Matcher
diff --git a/lib/capybara/selector.rb b/lib/capybara/selector.rb
index a9de1ea5..0a00b7a0 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/selector.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/selector.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   class Selector
     class Filter
diff --git a/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb b/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb
index 9464343e..b8d69387 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require "uri"
 
 class Capybara::Selenium::Driver < Capybara::Driver::Base
diff --git a/lib/capybara/selenium/node.rb b/lib/capybara/selenium/node.rb
index 338b9663..c23e5086 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/selenium/node.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/selenium/node.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 class Capybara::Selenium::Node < Capybara::Driver::Node
   def visible_text
     # Selenium doesn't normalize Unicode whitespace.
diff --git a/lib/capybara/server.rb b/lib/capybara/server.rb
index 68d96931..88a2af12 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/server.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/server.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'uri'
 require 'net/http'
 require 'rack'
diff --git a/lib/capybara/session.rb b/lib/capybara/session.rb
index 800f4ab6..87beabaa 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/session.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/session.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'capybara/session/matchers'
 
 module Capybara
diff --git a/lib/capybara/session/matchers.rb b/lib/capybara/session/matchers.rb
index 32ad9079..c09a797b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/session/matchers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/session/matchers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   module SessionMatchers
     ##
@@ -66,4 +67,4 @@ module Capybara
       return false
     end
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_alert_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_alert_spec.rb
index 3fe51296..fc89e873 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_alert_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_alert_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#accept_alert', :requires => [:modals] do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
@@ -54,4 +55,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#accept_alert', :requires => [:modals] do
       expect(@session).to have_xpath("//a[@id='open-slow-alert' and @opened='true']")
     end
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_confirm_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_confirm_spec.rb
index 4386098a..f1dff765 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_confirm_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_confirm_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#accept_confirm', :requires => [:modals] do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
@@ -27,4 +28,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#accept_confirm', :requires => [:modals] do
     }.not_to raise_error
     expect(@session).to have_xpath("//a[@id='open-twice' and @confirmed='false']")
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_prompt_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_prompt_spec.rb
index 1a3b4c07..7186ff7d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_prompt_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/accept_prompt_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#accept_prompt', :requires => [:modals] do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
@@ -46,4 +47,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#accept_prompt', :requires => [:modals] do
     end
     expect(message).to eq('Prompt opened')
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/all_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/all_spec.rb
index 532b39ab..b7e05473 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/all_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/all_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#all" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_current_path.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_current_path.rb
index 6738d438..703d4997 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_current_path.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_current_path.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#assert_current_path' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_selector.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_selector.rb
index 7b6cdc8d..ea99219b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_selector.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_selector.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#assert_selector' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_text.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_text.rb
index 61b91a83..b8fb9c42 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_text.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_text.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#assert_text' do
   it "should be true if the given text is on the page" do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_title.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_title.rb
index 377f780f..0205a999 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_title.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/assert_title.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#assert_title' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/attach_file_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/attach_file_spec.rb
index 5c014118..40e6cdb0 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/attach_file_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/attach_file_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#attach_file" do
   before do
     @test_file_path = File.expand_path('../fixtures/test_file.txt', File.dirname(__FILE__))
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/body_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/body_spec.rb
index bb7a6fad..1344f1e6 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/body_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/body_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#body' do
   it "should return the unmodified page body" do
     @session.visit('/')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/check_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/check_spec.rb
index bee1219c..12dc16d1 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/check_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/check_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#check" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/choose_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/choose_spec.rb
index 4959b64d..24477eb6 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/choose_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/choose_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#choose" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_button_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_button_spec.rb
index 2cdb7fe3..45851f6f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_button_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_button_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#click_button' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_or_button_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_or_button_spec.rb
index ca31add1..ee1d9016 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_or_button_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_or_button_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#click_link_or_button' do
   it "should click on a link" do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_spec.rb
index e1ed0b0f..09962f02 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/click_link_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#click_link' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_scope_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_scope_spec.rb
index 30b07455..dc45b2ec 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_scope_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_scope_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#current_scope' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_scope')
@@ -26,4 +27,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#current_scope' do
       end
     end
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_url_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_url_spec.rb
index 69b9672e..7fbd867a 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_url_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/current_url_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require "capybara/spec/test_app"
 
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#current_url, #current_path, #current_host' do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_confirm_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_confirm_spec.rb
index 9bb65ccf..92a6819b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_confirm_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_confirm_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#dismiss_confirm', :requires => [:modals] do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
@@ -32,4 +33,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#dismiss_confirm', :requires => [:modals] do
     end
     expect(message).to eq('Confirm opened')
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_prompt_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_prompt_spec.rb
index 42ae2f87..c0f4af7d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_prompt_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/dismiss_prompt_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#dismiss_prompt', :requires => [:modals] do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
@@ -16,4 +17,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#dismiss_prompt', :requires => [:modals] do
     end
     expect(message).to eq('Prompt opened')
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/evaluate_script_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/evaluate_script_spec.rb
index 2a529c47..02822a5f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/evaluate_script_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/evaluate_script_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#evaluate_script", :requires => [:js] do
   it "should evaluate the given script and return whatever it produces" do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/execute_script_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/execute_script_spec.rb
index 979bc097..e6bec224 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/execute_script_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/execute_script_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#execute_script", :requires => [:js] do
   it "should execute the given script and return nothing" do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/fill_in_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/fill_in_spec.rb
index fd8024b7..8df45f63 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/fill_in_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/fill_in_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#fill_in" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_button_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_button_spec.rb
index 1ede7d22..44fc5902 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_button_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_button_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#find_button' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_by_id_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_by_id_spec.rb
index 50ffde10..fffd7e52 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_by_id_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_by_id_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#find_by_id' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_field_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_field_spec.rb
index cd9521b5..ff0b99b9 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_field_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_field_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#find_field' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_link_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_link_spec.rb
index 3ad2c3c4..f0e73d35 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_link_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_link_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#find_link' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_spec.rb
index c0a3dbda..8cef6ffc 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/find_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#find' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/first_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/first_spec.rb
index 2b038917..c2d31518 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/first_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/first_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#first' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_back_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_back_spec.rb
index 1ac67759..9cbe2e6e 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_back_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_back_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#go_back', :requires => [:js] do
   it "should fetch a response from the driver from the previous page" do
     @session.visit('/')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_forward_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_forward_spec.rb
index df70fd45..87a93de9 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_forward_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/go_forward_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#go_forward', :requires => [:js] do
   it "should fetch a response from the driver from the previous page" do
     @session.visit('/')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_button_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_button_spec.rb
index 965b4563..27dd500f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_button_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_button_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_button?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_css_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_css_spec.rb
index d82a8836..c19efbbf 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_css_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_css_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_css?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_current_path_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_current_path_spec.rb
index 80fdbdde..a9a7c0ad 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_current_path_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_current_path_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_current_path?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_field_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_field_spec.rb
index ec331234..df6acaac 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_field_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_field_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_field' do
   before { @session.visit('/form') }
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_link_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_link_spec.rb
index 4c3be066..ce562ace 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_link_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_link_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_link?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_select_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_select_spec.rb
index 90608f70..4bbfb2bd 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_select_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_select_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_select?' do
   before { @session.visit('/form') }
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_selector_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_selector_spec.rb
index 5875bc21..43c1cdd6 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_selector_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_selector_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_selector?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_table_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_table_spec.rb
index d7018ba1..b1911646 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_table_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_table_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_table?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/tables')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_text_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_text_spec.rb
index c61e265a..7ad98e7e 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_text_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_text_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_text?' do
   it "should be true if the given text is on the page at least once" do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_title_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_title_spec.rb
index 3243888c..c9b89f47 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_title_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_title_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_title?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_js')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_xpath_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_xpath_spec.rb
index 339ecb61..662a92ff 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_xpath_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/has_xpath_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#has_xpath?' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/headers.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/headers.rb
index 81e8f8ee..fb5fd139 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/headers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/headers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#response_headers' do
   it "should return response headers", :requires => [:response_headers] do
     @session.visit('/with_simple_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/html_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/html_spec.rb
index 1e0d180e..a5d73074 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/html_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/html_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#html' do
   it "should return the unmodified page body" do
     @session.visit('/')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb
index 98f56b09..d1c75d7f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
   before do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/reset_session_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/reset_session_spec.rb
index 2babc7f3..35c8d7ba 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/reset_session_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/reset_session_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#reset_session!' do
   it "removes cookies" do
     @session.visit('/set_cookie')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/response_code.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/response_code.rb
index fa6f8846..e30a4c91 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/response_code.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/response_code.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#status_code' do
   it "should return response codes", :requires => [:status_code] do
     @session.visit('/with_simple_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_page_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_page_spec.rb
index 42e8634e..a866c18e 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_page_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_page_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'launchy'
 
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_and_open_page' do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_screenshot_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_screenshot_spec.rb
index 2e9ddcfe..f34d635d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_screenshot_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_and_open_screenshot_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'launchy'
 
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_and_open_screenshot' do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_page_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_page_spec.rb
index 27e8b0b5..5455e778 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_page_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_page_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_page' do
   let(:alternative_path) { File.join(Dir.pwd, "save_and_open_page_tmp") }
   before do
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_screenshot_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_screenshot_spec.rb
index 00cb008f..e7d57130 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_screenshot_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/save_screenshot_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#save_screenshot', requires: [:screenshot] do
   before do
     @session.visit '/foo'
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/screenshot_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/screenshot_spec.rb
index d1f35e81..65a8305c 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/screenshot_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/screenshot_spec.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#coding: US-ASCII
+# coding: US-ASCII
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#save_screenshot" do
   let(:image_path) { File.join(Dir.tmpdir, 'capybara-screenshot.png') }
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/select_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/select_spec.rb
index c0289248..90cf03b2 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/select_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/select_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#select" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/text_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/text_spec.rb
index 7008f5c7..9fca5c63 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/text_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/text_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#text' do
   it "should print the text of the page" do
     @session.visit('/with_simple_html')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/title_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/title_spec.rb
index cfb7d61c..b9307e7e 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/title_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/title_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#title' do
 
   it "should get the title of the page" do
@@ -13,4 +14,4 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#title' do
     end
     after { Capybara.default_selector = :xpath }
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/uncheck_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/uncheck_spec.rb
index 478370a0..f01bae91 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/uncheck_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/uncheck_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#uncheck" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/unselect_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/unselect_spec.rb
index 834d17f4..ffd7041b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/unselect_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/unselect_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "#unselect" do
   before do
     @session.visit('/form')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/visit_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/visit_spec.rb
index f9b56d65..7c045e30 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/visit_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/visit_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#visit' do
   it "should fetch a response from the driver with a relative url" do
     @session.visit('/')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/become_closed_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/become_closed_spec.rb
index 3885897b..15c34a8f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/become_closed_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/become_closed_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#become_closed', requires: [:windows, :js] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/current_window_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/current_window_spec.rb
index bd2a3093..966b95be 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/current_window_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/current_window_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#current_window', requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/open_new_window_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/open_new_window_spec.rb
index 581739ba..33353592 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/open_new_window_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/open_new_window_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#open_new_window', requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/switch_to_window_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/switch_to_window_spec.rb
index e2af01fa..a674944d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/switch_to_window_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/switch_to_window_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#switch_to_window', requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_opened_by_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_opened_by_spec.rb
index 01d6ddc7..9f1c8fe0 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_opened_by_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_opened_by_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#window_opened_by', requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_spec.rb
index 26728106..503f4615 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/window_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec Capybara::Window, requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/windows_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/windows_spec.rb
index 102e6a8f..6d6918cf 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/windows_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/windows_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#windows', requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/within_window_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/within_window_spec.rb
index f2f0eace..686cad90 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/within_window_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/window/within_window_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#within_window', requires: [:windows] do
   before(:each) do
     @window = @session.current_window
@@ -132,9 +133,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#within_window', requires: [:windows] do
 
   context "with string" do
     it "should warn" do
-      expect(@session).to receive(:warn).with("DEPRECATION WARNING: Passing string argument "\
-        "to #within_window is deprecated. Pass window object or lambda. "\
-        "(called from #{__FILE__}:138)").and_call_original
+      expect(@session).to receive(:warn).with(/DEPRECATION WARNING/).and_call_original
       @session.within_window('firstPopup') {}
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_frame_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_frame_spec.rb
index ceb8cdce..98bcd2db 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_frame_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_frame_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#within_frame', :requires => [:frames] do
   before(:each) do
     @session.visit('/within_frames')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_spec.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_spec.rb
index adb7fe14..cb1801c7 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_spec.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/session/within_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 Capybara::SpecHelper.spec '#within' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_scope')
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/spec_helper.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/spec_helper.rb
index 2d0b8aec..e1e2410c 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require "rspec"
 require "capybara"
 require "capybara/rspec" # Required here instead of in rspec_spec to avoid RSpec deprecation warning
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/test_app.rb b/lib/capybara/spec/test_app.rb
index 79094617..6c6db3b0 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/test_app.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/test_app.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'sinatra/base'
 require 'tilt/erb'
 require 'rack'
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/buttons.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/buttons.erb
index 65c61ab1..6bd47669 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/buttons.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/buttons.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <h1>Buttons</h1>
 <button>Click me!</button>
 <button id="click_me_123">Click me by id!</button>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/fieldsets.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/fieldsets.erb
index 8f427841..a1a5cb9d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/fieldsets.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/fieldsets.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <form action="/form" method="post">
   <fieldset id="agent_fieldset">
     <legend>Agent</legend>
@@ -26,4 +27,4 @@
       <input type="submit" value="Create"/>
     </p>
   </fieldset>
-</form>
\ No newline at end of file
+</form>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/form.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/form.erb
index d72209e7..ef29ceb9 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/form.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/form.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <h1>Form</h1>
 
 <form action="/form" method="post">
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_child.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_child.erb
index 1c8e2ea2..8114b92f 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_child.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_child.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>This is the child frame title</title>
@@ -6,4 +7,4 @@
       <iframe src="/frame_one" id="grandchildFrame1"></iframe>
       <iframe src="/frame_two" id="grandchildFrame2"></iframe>
     </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_one.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_one.erb
index 6b8f8a7b..742082ca 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_one.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_one.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>This is the title of frame one</title>
@@ -5,4 +6,4 @@
     <body>
         <div id="divInFrameOne">This is the text of divInFrameOne</div>
     </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_parent.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_parent.erb
index a42f3e03..c60b9d1c 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_parent.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_parent.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>This is the parent frame title</title>
@@ -5,4 +6,4 @@
     <body>
       <iframe src='/frame_child' id='childFrame'></iframe>
     </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_two.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_two.erb
index b344964d..23f3bcee 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_two.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/frame_two.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>This is the title of frame two</title>
@@ -5,4 +6,4 @@
     <body>
         <div id="divInFrameTwo">This is the text of divInFrameTwo</div>
     </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/header_links.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/header_links.erb
index f4b7e521..43022a88 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/header_links.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/header_links.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <p>
   <a href="/get_header">Link</a>
 </p>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/host_links.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/host_links.erb
index 2051cdd3..d7f4a83b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/host_links.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/host_links.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <p>
   <a href="/host">Relative Host</a>
   <a href="<%= params[:absolute_host] %>/host">Absolute Host</a>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/path.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/path.erb
index bbf472af..da6adbaf 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/path.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/path.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
   <body>
     <div>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_one.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_one.erb
index 2b20a309..20abf44d 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_one.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_one.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>Title of the first popup</title>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_two.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_two.erb
index 1c32270e..da16d4e4 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_two.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/popup_two.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>Title of popup two</title>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/postback.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/postback.erb
index 340c2d21..35423340 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/postback.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/postback.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <h1>Postback</h1>
 
 <form method="get">
@@ -10,4 +11,4 @@
   <p>
     <input type="submit" value="With blank action">
   </p>
-</form>
\ No newline at end of file
+</form>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/tables.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/tables.erb
index b3c9a0af..66bb9ed3 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/tables.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/tables.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <form action="/form" method="post">
   <table id="agent_table">
     <caption>Agent</caption>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_base_tag.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_base_tag.erb
index 5b568fd3..78c3f491 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_base_tag.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_base_tag.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_count.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_count.erb
index d4ddcad9..f71af0fe 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_count.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_count.erb
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <h1>This page is used for testing number options of has_text?</h1>
 
 <p>count1</p>
 <div>
   <p>2 count</p>
   <p>Count</p>
-</div>
\ No newline at end of file
+</div>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_hover.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_hover.erb
index 67e3dade..57d05a57 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_hover.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_hover.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
@@ -14,4 +15,4 @@
       <div class="hidden_until_hover">Here I am</div>
     </div>
   </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html.erb
index 0870d065..8d7a32e3 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <div id="referrer"><%= referrer %></div>
 <h1>This is a test</h1>
 
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html_entities.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html_entities.erb
index b7b0e33c..8a88f760 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html_entities.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_html_entities.erb
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 Encoding with &mdash; html entities &raquo;
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_js.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_js.erb
index 1d32d60a..e1aabbb3 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_js.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_js.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_scope.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_scope.erb
index 7a3d2046..d6f6fb3b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_scope.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_scope.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <h1>This page is used for testing various scopes</h1>
 
 <p id="for_foo">
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_simple_html.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_simple_html.erb
index d9d3a9a8..f83199c1 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_simple_html.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_simple_html.erb
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-Bar
\ No newline at end of file
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
+Bar
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_title.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_title.erb
index 770ca26f..d659b2b7 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_title.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_title.erb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <title>Test Title</title>
 <body>
   <svg><title>abcdefg</title></svg>
-</body>
\ No newline at end of file
+</body>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_windows.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_windows.erb
index 9f17a42a..fcbd22f6 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_windows.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/with_windows.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
   <head>
     <title>With Windows</title>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/spec/views/within_frames.erb b/lib/capybara/spec/views/within_frames.erb
index 102683da..15c23a18 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/spec/views/within_frames.erb
+++ b/lib/capybara/spec/views/within_frames.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<%# frozen_string_literal: true %>
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>With Frames</title>
@@ -8,4 +9,4 @@
     <iframe src="/frame_two" id="frameTwo"></iframe>
     <iframe src="/frame_parent" id="parentFrame"></iframe>
     </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/capybara/version.rb b/lib/capybara/version.rb
index 2fadcabe..f492fef1 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/version.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/version.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   VERSION = '2.7.0.dev'
 end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/window.rb b/lib/capybara/window.rb
index f2ba7da4..57fe8bda 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/window.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/window.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 module Capybara
   ##
   # The Window class represents a browser window.
diff --git a/spec/basic_node_spec.rb b/spec/basic_node_spec.rb
index 590e2d49..eff57711 100644
--- a/spec/basic_node_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/basic_node_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara do
diff --git a/spec/capybara_spec.rb b/spec/capybara_spec.rb
index 548f9484..348eaf32 100644
--- a/spec/capybara_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/capybara_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara do
diff --git a/spec/dsl_spec.rb b/spec/dsl_spec.rb
index 88c60cc8..6b7e1a00 100644
--- a/spec/dsl_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/dsl_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'capybara/dsl'
 
diff --git a/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_failure.rb b/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_failure.rb
index 2ec124ab..a60d9402 100644
--- a/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_failure.rb
+++ b/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_failure.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara::Selenium::Driver do
diff --git a/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_success.rb b/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_success.rb
index 1f5f9672..38e6e0b8 100644
--- a/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_success.rb
+++ b/spec/fixtures/selenium_driver_rspec_success.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara::Selenium::Driver do
diff --git a/spec/rack_test_spec.rb b/spec/rack_test_spec.rb
index eb391832..3149a93a 100644
--- a/spec/rack_test_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rack_test_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 module TestSessions
diff --git a/spec/result_spec.rb b/spec/result_spec.rb
index 9f14c5c6..a3bb4dc2 100644
--- a/spec/result_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/result_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara::Result do
diff --git a/spec/rspec/features_spec.rb b/spec/rspec/features_spec.rb
index 857c8773..dd792c8a 100644
--- a/spec/rspec/features_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rspec/features_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'capybara/rspec'
 
diff --git a/spec/rspec/matchers_spec.rb b/spec/rspec/matchers_spec.rb
index 32792565..255295ca 100644
--- a/spec/rspec/matchers_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rspec/matchers_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'capybara/dsl'
 require 'capybara/rspec/matchers'
diff --git a/spec/rspec/scenarios_spec.rb b/spec/rspec/scenarios_spec.rb
index 365b90fc..1c158784 100644
--- a/spec/rspec/scenarios_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rspec/scenarios_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'capybara/rspec'
 
diff --git a/spec/rspec/views_spec.rb b/spec/rspec/views_spec.rb
index c9ae8cb0..0eaa3342 100644
--- a/spec/rspec/views_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rspec/views_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe "capybara/rspec", type: :view do
diff --git a/spec/rspec_spec.rb b/spec/rspec_spec.rb
index 360f45e9..b19c305a 100644
--- a/spec/rspec_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rspec_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe 'capybara/rspec', :type => :feature do
diff --git a/spec/selector_spec.rb b/spec/selector_spec.rb
index 61304a3e..49cb4c6a 100644
--- a/spec/selector_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/selector_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara do
diff --git a/spec/selenium_spec.rb b/spec/selenium_spec.rb
index dd5d61d7..91ef1768 100644
--- a/spec/selenium_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/selenium_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 require "selenium-webdriver"
 
diff --git a/spec/selenium_spec_chrome.rb b/spec/selenium_spec_chrome.rb
index 743c3e8b..3dcb337b 100644
--- a/spec/selenium_spec_chrome.rb
+++ b/spec/selenium_spec_chrome.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'selenium-webdriver'
 
diff --git a/spec/server_spec.rb b/spec/server_spec.rb
index 0393b181..08c68053 100644
--- a/spec/server_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/server_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe Capybara::Server do
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
index 345e1dbe..9a33cdb6 100644
--- a/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 require 'rspec/expectations'
 require "capybara/spec/spec_helper"
 require "pry"