diff --git a/lib/capybara/helpers.rb b/lib/capybara/helpers.rb
index 326fa95a..36f4414b 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/helpers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/helpers.rb
@@ -74,5 +74,30 @@ module Capybara
     else
       def monotonic_time; Time.now.to_f; end
     end
+
+    def timer(expire_in:)
+      Timer.new(expire_in)
+    end
+
+    class Timer
+      def initialize(expire_in)
+        @start = current
+        @expire_in = expire_in
+      end
+
+      def expired?
+        current - @start >= @expire_in
+      end
+
+      def stalled?
+        @start == current
+      end
+
+    private
+
+      def current
+        Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/base.rb b/lib/capybara/node/base.rb
index 0ea4b2c1..9cf5a3bf 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/base.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/base.rb
@@ -78,15 +78,15 @@ module Capybara
           yield
         else
           session.synchronized = true
-          start_time = Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time
+          timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: seconds)
           begin
             yield
           rescue StandardError => e
             session.raise_server_error!
             raise e unless driver.wait? && catch_error?(e, errors)
-            raise e if (Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time - start_time) >= seconds
+            raise e if timer.expired?
             sleep(0.05)
-            raise Capybara::FrozenInTime, "Time appears to be frozen. Capybara does not work with libraries which freeze time, consider using time travelling instead" if Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time == start_time
+            raise Capybara::FrozenInTime, "Time appears to be frozen. Capybara does not work with libraries which freeze time, consider using time travelling instead" if timer.stalled?
             reload if session_options.automatic_reload
             retry
           ensure
diff --git a/lib/capybara/node/element.rb b/lib/capybara/node/element.rb
index 59d7fcff..39844b76 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/node/element.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/node/element.rb
@@ -398,7 +398,6 @@ module Capybara
         JS
       end
 
-
       def reload
         if @allow_reload
           begin
diff --git a/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb b/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb
index e96d3b74..de099289 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/rspec/matchers.rb
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ module Capybara
       def matches?(window)
         @window = window
         @wait_time = Capybara::Queries::BaseQuery.wait(@options, window.session.config.default_max_wait_time)
-        start_time = Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time
+        timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: @wait_time)
         while window.exists?
-          return false if (Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time - start_time) > @wait_time
+          return false if timer.expired?
           sleep 0.05
         end
         true
diff --git a/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb b/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb
index 69c5e378..26531095 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class Capybara::Selenium::Driver < Capybara::Driver::Base
     end
 
     navigated = false
-    start_time = Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time
+    timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: 10)
     begin
       unless navigated
         # Only trigger a navigation if we haven't done it already, otherwise it
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class Capybara::Selenium::Driver < Capybara::Driver::Base
 
       # Ensure the page is empty and trigger an UnhandledAlertError for any modals that appear during unload
       until find_xpath("/html/body/*").empty?
-        raise Capybara::ExpectationNotMet, 'Timed out waiting for Selenium session reset' if (Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time - start_time) >= 10
+        raise Capybara::ExpectationNotMet, 'Timed out waiting for Selenium session reset' if timer.expired?
         sleep 0.05
       end
     rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnhandledAlertError, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnexpectedAlertOpenError
diff --git a/lib/capybara/server.rb b/lib/capybara/server.rb
index 02f5bc08..6d4ffe48 100644
--- a/lib/capybara/server.rb
+++ b/lib/capybara/server.rb
@@ -54,11 +54,9 @@ module Capybara
     end
 
     def wait_for_pending_requests
-      start_time = Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time
+      timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: 60)
       while pending_requests?
-        if (Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time - start_time) > 60
-          raise "Requests did not finish in 60 seconds"
-        end
+        raise "Requests did not finish in 60 seconds" if timer.expired?
         sleep 0.01
       end
     end
@@ -71,11 +69,9 @@ module Capybara
           Capybara.server.call(middleware, port, host)
         end
 
-        start_time = Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time
+        timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: 60)
         until responsive?
-          if (Capybara::Helpers.monotonic_time - start_time) > 60
-            raise "Rack application timed out during boot"
-          end
+          raise "Rack application timed out during boot" if timer.expired?
           @server_thread.join(0.1)
         end
       end