= factory_girl

factory_girl is a fixtures replacement with a straightforward definition syntax, support for multiple build strategies (saved instances, unsaved instances, attribute hashes, and stubbed objects), and support for multiple factories for the same class (user, admin_user, and so on), including factory inheritence.

== Download

Github: http://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl/tree/master

Gem:
  gem install thoughtbot-factory_girl --source http://gems.github.com

Note: if you install factory_girl using the gem from Github, you'll need this
in your environment.rb if you want to use Rails 2.1+'s dependency manager:

  config.gem "thoughtbot-factory_girl",
             :lib    => "factory_girl",
             :source => "http://gems.github.com"

== Defining factories

Each factory has a name and a set of attributes. The name is used to guess the class of the object by default, but it's possible to excplicitly specify it:

  # This will guess the User class
  Factory.define :user do |u|
    u.first_name 'John'
    u.last_name  'Doe'
    u.admin false
  end

  # This will use the User class (Admin would have been guessed)
  Factory.define :admin, :class => User do |u|
    u.first_name 'Admin'
    u.last_name  'User'
    u.admin true
  end

  # The same, but using a string instead of class constant
  Factory.define :admin, :class => 'user' do |u|
    u.first_name 'Admin'
    u.last_name  'User'
    u.admin true
  end

It is highly recommended that you have one factory for each class that provides the simplest set of attributes necessary to create an instance of that class. If you're creating ActiveRecord objects, that means that you should only provide attributes that are required through validations and that do not have defaults. Other factories can be created through inheritence to cover common scenarios for each class.

Factories can either be defined anywhere, but will automatically be loaded if they are defined in files at the following locations:

  test/factories.rb
  spec/factories.rb
  test/factories/*.rb
  spec/factories/*.rb

== Using factories

factory_girl supports several different build strategies: build, create, attributes_for and stub:

  # Returns a User instance that's not saved
  user = Factory.build(:user)

  # Returns a saved User instance
  user = Factory.create(:user)

  # Returns a hash of attributes that can be used to build a User instance:
  attrs = Factory.attributes_for(:user)

  # Returns an object with all defined attributes stubbed out:
  stub = Factory.stub(:user)

You can use the Factory method as a shortcut for the default build strategy:

  # Same as Factory.create :user:
  user = Factory(:user)

The default strategy can be overriden:

  # Now same as Factory.build(:user)
  Factory.define :user, :default_strategy => :build do |u|
    ...
  end

  user = Factory(:user)

No matter which startegy is used, it's possible to override the defined attributes by passing a hash:

  # Build a User instance and override the first_name property
  user = Factory.build(:user, :first_name => 'Joe')
  user.first_name
  # => "Joe"

== Lazy Attributes

Most factory attributes can be added using static values that are evaluated when the factory is defined, but some attributes (such as associations and other attributes that must be dynamically generated) will need values assigned each time an instance is generated. These "lazy" attributes can be added by passing a block instead of a parameter:

  Factory.define :user do |u|
    # ...
    u.activation_code { User.generate_activation_code }
  end

== Dependent Attributes

Attributes can be based on the values of other attributes using the proxy that is yieled to lazy attribute blocks:

  Factory.define :user do |u|
    u.first_name 'Joe'
    u.last_name  'Blow'
    u.email {|a| "#{a.first_name}.#{a.last_name}@example.com".downcase }
  end

  Factory(:user, :last_name => 'Doe').email
  # => "joe.doe@example.com"

== Associations

Associated instances can be generated by using the association method when
defining a lazy attribute:

  Factory.define :post do |p|
    # ...
    p.author {|author| author.association(:user, :last_name => 'Writely') }
  end

The behavior of the association method varies depending on the build strategy used for the parent object.

  # Builds and saves a User and a Post
  post = Factory(:post)
  post.new_record?       # => false
  post.author.new_record # => false

  # Builds and saves a User, and then builds but does not save a Post
  Factory.build(:post)
  post.new_record?       # => true
  post.author.new_record # => false

Because this pattern is so common, a prettier syntax is available for defining
associations:

  # The following definitions are equivilent:
  Factory.define :post do |p|
    p.author {|a| a.association(:user) }
  end

  Factory.define :post do |p|
    p.association :author, :factory => :user
  end

If the factory name is the same as the association name, the factory name can
be left out.

== Inheritance

You can easily create multiple factories for the same class without repeating common attributes by using inheritence:

  Factory.define :post do |p|
    # the 'title' attribute is required for all posts
    p.title 'A title'
  end

  Factory.define :approved_post, :parent => :post do |p|
    p.approved true
    # the 'approver' association is required for an approved post
    p.association :approver, :factory => :user
  end

== Sequences

Unique values in a specific format (for example, e-mail addresses) can be
generated using sequences. Sequences are defined by calling Factory.sequence,
and values in a sequence are generated by calling Factory.next:

  # Defines a new sequence
  Factory.sequence :email do |n|
    "person#{n}@example.com"
  end

  Factory.next :email
  # => "person1@example.com"

  Factory.next :email
  # => "person2@example.com"

Sequences can be used in lazy attributes:

  Factory.define :user do |f|
    f.email { Factory.next(:email) }
  end

And it's also possible to define an in-line sequence that is only used in
a particular factory:

  Factory.define :user do |f|
    f.sequence(:email) {|n| "person#{n}@example.com" }
  end

== Alternate Syntaxes

Users' tastes for syntax vary dramatically, but most users are looking for a common feature set. Because of this, factory_girl supports "syntax layers" which provide alternate interfaces. See Factory::Syntax for information about the various layers available.

== More Information

Our blog: http://giantrobots.thoughtbot.com

factory_girl rdoc: http://dev.thoughtbot.com/factory_girl

Mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/factory_girl

factory_girl tickets: http://thoughtbot.lighthouseapp.com/projects/14354-factory_girl

== Contributing

Please read the contribution guidelines before submitting patches or pull requests.

== Author

factory_girl was written by Joe Ferris with contributions from several authors, including:
* Alex Sharp
* Eugene Bolshakov
* Jon Yurek
* Josh Nichols
* Josh Owens

The syntax layers are derived from software written by the following authors:
* Pete Yandell
* Rick Bradley
* Yossef Mendelssohn

Thanks to all members of thoughtbot for inspiration, ideas, and funding.

Copyright 2008-2009 Joe Ferris and thoughtbot[http://www.thoughtbot.com], inc.