Teach have_db_index about expression indexes

In Rails 5, the schema layer was updated so that indexes could be
created on expressions rather that simply columns. Update
`have_db_index` so that you can test for this.

More reading: <edc2b77187>

.rubocop.yml

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ Style/CharacterLiteral:
 Style/ClassAndModuleChildren:
   Enabled: false
 Style/CollectionMethods:
+  Enabled: true
   PreferredMethods:
     find: detect
     reduce: inject

lib/shoulda/matchers/active_record/have_db_index_matcher.rb

@@ -49,6 +49,30 @@ module Shoulda
       #       should have_db_index([:user_id, :name])
       #     end
       #
+      # Finally, if you're using Rails 5 and PostgreSQL, you can also specify an
+      # expression:
+      #
+      #     class CreateLoggedErrors < ActiveRecord::Migration
+      #       def change
+      #         create_table :logged_errors do |t|
+      #           t.string :code
+      #           t.jsonb :content
+      #         end
+      #
+      #         add_index :logged_errors, 'lower(code)::text'
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # RSpec
+      #     RSpec.describe LoggedError, type: :model do
+      #       it { should have_db_index('lower(code)::text') }
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # Minitest (Shoulda)
+      #     class LoggedErrorTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      #       should have_db_index('lower(code)::text')
+      #     end
+      #
       # #### Qualifiers
       #
       # ##### unique
@@ -171,9 +195,16 @@ module Shoulda
         end
 
         def matched_index
-          @_matched_index ||= actual_indexes.find do |index|
-            index.columns == expected_columns
-          end
+          @_matched_index ||=
+            if expected_columns.one?
+              actual_indexes.detect do |index|
+                Array.wrap(index.columns) == expected_columns
+              end
+            else
+              actual_indexes.detect do |index|
+                index.columns == expected_columns
+              end
+            end
         end
 
         def actual_indexes

spec/support/unit/helpers/active_record_versions.rb

@@ -40,5 +40,9 @@ module UnitTests
     def active_record_supports_optional_for_associations?
       active_record_version >= 5
     end
+
+    def active_record_supports_expression_indexes?
+      active_record_version >= 5
+    end
   end
 end

spec/support/unit/helpers/database_helpers.rb

@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@ module UnitTests
     alias_method :database_supports_array_columns?, :postgresql?
     alias_method :database_supports_uuid_columns?, :postgresql?
     alias_method :database_supports_money_columns?, :postgresql?
+    alias_method :database_supports_expression_indexes?, :postgresql?
   end
 end

spec/unit/shoulda/matchers/active_record/have_db_index_matcher_spec.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 require 'unit_spec_helper'
 
 describe Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveRecord::HaveDbIndexMatcher, type: :model do
+  def self.can_test_expression_indexes?
+    active_record_supports_expression_indexes? &&
+      database_supports_expression_indexes?
+  end
+
   describe 'the matcher' do
     # rubocop:disable Layout/MultilineBlockLayout
     # rubocop:disable Layout/SpaceAroundBlockParameters
@@ -237,6 +242,99 @@ Expected the examples table to have an index on [:geocodable_id,
           end
         end
       end
+
+      if can_test_expression_indexes?
+        context 'when given an expression' do
+          context 'qualified with nothing' do
+            context 'when the table has the given index' do
+              it 'matches when used in the positive' do
+                record = record_with_index_on(
+                  'lower((code)::text)',
+                  columns: { code: :string },
+                )
+                expect(record).to have_db_index('lower((code)::text)')
+              end
+
+              it 'does not match when used in the negative' do
+                record = record_with_index_on(
+                  'lower((code)::text)',
+                  model_name: 'Example',
+                  columns: { code: :string },
+                )
+
+                assertion = lambda do
+                  expect(record).not_to have_db_index('lower((code)::text)')
+                end
+
+                expect(&assertion).to fail_with_message(<<-MESSAGE, wrap: true)
+Expected the examples table not to have an index on "lower((code)::text)", but
+it does.
+                MESSAGE
+              end
+            end
+
+            context 'when the table does not have the given index' do
+              it 'matches when used in the negative' do
+                record = record_with_index_on(
+                  'code',
+                  columns: { code: :string },
+                )
+                expect(record).not_to have_db_index('lower((code)::text)')
+              end
+
+              it 'does not match when used in the positive' do
+                record = record_with_index_on(
+                  'code',
+                  model_name: 'Example',
+                  columns: { code: :string },
+                )
+
+                assertion = lambda do
+                  expect(record).to have_db_index('lower((code)::text)')
+                end
+
+                expect(&assertion).to fail_with_message(<<-MESSAGE, wrap: true)
+Expected the examples table to have an index on "lower((code)::text)", but it
+does not.
+                MESSAGE
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          context 'when qualified with unique' do
+            include_examples(
+              'for when the matcher is qualified',
+              index: 'lower((code)::text)',
+              other_index: 'code',
+              columns: { code: :string },
+              unique: true,
+              qualifier_args: [],
+            )
+          end
+
+          context 'when qualified with unique: true' do
+            include_examples(
+              'for when the matcher is qualified',
+              index: 'lower((code)::text)',
+              other_index: 'code',
+              columns: { code: :string },
+              unique: true,
+              qualifier_args: [true],
+            )
+          end
+
+          context 'when qualified with unique: false' do
+            include_examples(
+              'for when the matcher is qualified',
+              index: 'lower((code)::text)',
+              other_index: 'code',
+              columns: { code: :string },
+              unique: false,
+              qualifier_args: [false],
+            )
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
 
     context 'when not all models are connected to the same database' do
@@ -352,6 +450,44 @@ Expected the examples table to have an index on [:geocodable_id,
         )
       end
     end
+
+    if can_test_expression_indexes?
+      context 'when given an expression' do
+        context 'when not qualified with anything' do
+          it 'returns the correct description' do
+            matcher = have_db_index('lower(code)')
+            expect(matcher.description).to eq('have an index on "lower(code)"')
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when qualified with unique' do
+          include_examples(
+            'for when the matcher is qualified',
+            index: 'lower(code)',
+            index_type: 'unique',
+            qualifier_args: [],
+          )
+        end
+
+        context 'when qualified with unique: true' do
+          include_examples(
+            'for when the matcher is qualified',
+            index: 'lower(code)',
+            index_type: 'unique',
+            qualifier_args: [true],
+          )
+        end
+
+        context 'when qualified with unique: false' do
+          include_examples(
+            'for when the matcher is qualified',
+            index: 'lower(code)',
+            index_type: 'non-unique',
+            qualifier_args: [false],
+          )
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   def record_with_index_on(