* Add missing steps to CONTRIBUTING and reorganize it a bit.
* `bundle exec rake` no longer runs all tests in all appraisals, only
the tests in the latest appraisal.
* Add a `.ruby-version` file so people don't have to figure out which
version of Ruby to install.
[ci skip]
Currently, `rake` does run the `appraise` task before running tests. If
you run `rake appraise` on its own, it runs `rake appraise:install`
beforehand. However, the way that `rake` runs `appraise` is by
executing, not invoking, it. Hence, `appraisal:install` will actually
not be run (as #execute does not run dependencies for the task being
executed).
This fix is mostly useful when running tests locally -- on Travis this
isn't a problem b/c we are running `rake spec cucumber` instead of just
`rake`.